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GM 2012 Q3

Table of Contents


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549-1004
Form 10-Q
þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2012
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 001-34960
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
STATE OF DELAWARE
27-0756180
(State or other jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
300 Renaissance Center, Detroit, Michigan
48265-3000
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
(313) 556-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  þ  No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  þ  No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  þ  Accelerated filer  ¨  Non-accelerated filer  ¨  Smaller reporting company  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨  No  þ
As of October 26, 2012 the number of shares outstanding of common stock was 1,566,019,895 shares.

Website Access to Company's Reports

General Motors Company's internet website address is www.gm.com. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.


INDEX
 
 
 
Page
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 1.
 
Note 2.
 
Note 3.
 
Note 4.
 
Note 5.
 
Note 6.
 
Note 7.
 
Note 8.
 
Note 9.
 
Note 10.
 
Note 11.
 
Note 12.
 
Note 13.
 
Note 14.
 
Note 15.
 
Note 16.
 
Note 17.
 
Note 18.
 
Note 19.
 
Note 20.
 
Note 21.
 
Note 22.
 
Note 23.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 6.
 




Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Net sales and revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive sales and revenue
$
37,062

 
$
36,328

 
$
111,517

 
$
111,270

GM Financial revenue
514

 
391

 
1,432

 
1,016

Total net sales and revenue
37,576

 
36,719

 
112,949

 
112,286

Costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive cost of sales
32,735

 
31,734

 
98,323

 
97,212

GM Financial operating and other expenses
311

 
212

 
827

 
563

Automotive selling, general and administrative expense
2,832

 
2,942

 
8,647

 
8,860

Other automotive expenses, net
17

 
25

 
37

 
50

Goodwill impairment charges
78

 
—

 
695

 
395

Total costs and expenses
35,973

 
34,913

 
108,529

 
107,080

Operating income
1,603

 
1,806

 
4,420

 
5,206

Automotive interest expense
128

 
101

 
356

 
405

Interest income and other non-operating income, net
318

 
152

 
732

 
1,064

Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
35

 
18

 
45

Income before income taxes and equity income
1,793

 
1,822

 
4,778

 
5,820

Income tax expense
357

 
107

 
814

 
183

Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
418

 
377

 
1,141

 
2,903

Net income
1,854

 
2,092

 
5,105

 
8,540

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(21
)
 
15

 
(111
)
 
(75
)
Net income attributable to stockholders
$
1,833

 
$
2,107

 
$
4,994

 
$
8,465

Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
1,476

 
$
1,726

 
$
3,967

 
$
7,113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share
$
0.94

 
$
1.10

 
$
2.53

 
$
4.67

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
1,570

 
1,562

 
1,570

 
1,524

Diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share
$
0.89

 
$
1.03

 
$
2.38

 
$
4.30

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
1,663

 
1,682

 
1,675

 
1,668


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


1



Table of Contents


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Net income
$
1,854

 
$
2,092

 
$
5,105

 
$
8,540

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
7

 
(446
)
 
(45
)
 
(330
)
Cash flow hedging gains (losses), net
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
23

Unrealized losses on securities
(11
)
 
(8
)
 
(151
)
 
(3
)
Defined benefit plans, net
(715
)
 
271

 
(657
)
 
469

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(719
)
 
(183
)
 
(855
)
 
159

Comprehensive income
1,135

 
1,909

 
4,250

 
8,699

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(31
)
 
39

 
(119
)
 
(66
)
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders
$
1,104

 
$
1,948

 
$
4,131

 
$
8,633


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


2



Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
23,320

 
$
16,071

Marketable securities
10,411

 
16,148

Restricted cash and marketable securities
863

 
1,005

Accounts and notes receivable (net of allowance of $304 and $331)
13,015

 
9,964

GM Financial finance receivables, net (including gross consumer finance receivables transferred to SPEs of $3,481 and $3,295)
3,744

 
3,251

Inventories
15,672

 
14,324

Equipment on operating leases, net
2,972

 
2,464

Other current assets and deferred income taxes
2,110

 
1,696

Total current assets
72,107

 
64,923

Non-current Assets
 
 
 
Restricted cash and marketable securities
786

 
1,228

GM Financial finance receivables, net (including gross consumer finance receivables transferred to SPEs of $6,657 and $5,773)
6,855

 
5,911

Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates
7,519

 
6,790

Property, net
26,578

 
23,005

Goodwill
28,408

 
29,019

Intangible assets, net
8,904

 
10,014

GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net (including assets transferred to SPEs of $584 and $274)
1,521

 
785

Other assets and deferred income taxes
2,778

 
2,928

Total non-current assets
83,349

 
79,680

Total Assets
$
155,456

 
$
144,603

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Current Liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable (principally trade)
$
26,313

 
$
24,551

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
 
 
 
Automotive (including certain debt at VIEs of $227 and $171; Note 11)
2,277

 
1,682

GM Financial
4,001

 
4,118

Accrued liabilities (including derivative liabilities at VIEs of $13 and $44; Note 11)
25,032

 
22,875

Total current liabilities
57,623

 
53,226

Non-current Liabilities
 
 
 
Long-term debt
 
 
 
Automotive (including certain debt at VIEs of $123 and $7; Note 11)
3,314

 
3,613

GM Financial
7,061

 
4,420

Postretirement benefits other than pensions
6,755

 
6,836

Pensions
25,317

 
25,075

Other liabilities and deferred income taxes
12,757

 
12,442

Total non-current liabilities
55,204

 
52,386

Total Liabilities
112,827

 
105,612

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)


 


Equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000,000 shares authorized:
 
 
 
Series A (276,101,695 shares issued and outstanding (each with a $25.00 liquidation preference) at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011)
5,536

 
5,536

Series B (100,000,000 shares issued and outstanding (each with a $50.00 liquidation preference) at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011)
4,855

 
4,855

Common stock, $0.01 par value (5,000,000,000 shares authorized and 1,565,979,895 shares and 1,564,727,289 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011)
16

 
16

Capital surplus (principally additional paid-in capital)
26,443

 
26,391

Retained earnings
11,533

 
7,183

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(6,724
)
 
(5,861
)
Total stockholders’ equity
41,659

 
38,120

Noncontrolling interests
970

 
871

Total Equity
42,629

 
38,991

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
155,456

 
$
144,603


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3



Table of Contents


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In millions)
(Unaudited) 
 
Series A
Preferred
Stock
 
Series B
Preferred
Stock
 
Common Stockholders’
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
Common
Stock
 
Capital
Surplus
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Balance December 31, 2010
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
15

 
$
24,257

 
$
266

 
$
1,251

 
$
979

 
$
37,159

Effect of adoption of amendments in ASU 2010-28 regarding goodwill impairment (Note 9)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,466
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,466
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,465

 
—

 
75

 
8,540

Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
168

 
(9
)
 
159

Purchase of noncontrolling interest shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
41

 
—

 
(7
)
 
(134
)
 
(100
)
Exercise of common stock warrants
—

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
9

Stock based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
160

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
160

Pension plan stock contribution (Note 15)
—

 
—

 
1

 
1,863

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,864

Cumulative dividends on Series A and Series B Preferred Stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(670
)
 
—

 
—

 
(670
)
Dividends declared or paid to noncontrolling interests
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(32
)
 
(32
)
Deconsolidation of noncontrolling interest shares
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(9
)
 
(9
)
Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
2

Balance September 30, 2011
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
16

 
$
26,330

 
$
6,595

 
$
1,412

 
$
872

 
$
45,616

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance December 31, 2011
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
16

 
$
26,391

 
$
7,183

 
$
(5,861
)
 
$
871

 
$
38,991

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,994

 
—

 
111

 
5,105

Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(863
)
 
8

 
(855
)
Exercise of common stock warrants
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

Stock based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
48

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
48

Cash dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock and cumulative dividends on Series B Preferred Stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(644
)
 
—

 
—

 
(644
)
Dividends declared or paid to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(38
)
 
(38
)
Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
18

 
18

Balance September 30, 2012
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
16

 
$
26,443

 
$
11,533

 
$
(6,724
)
 
$
970

 
$
42,629


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


4



Table of Contents


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
9,824

 
$
6,724

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Expenditures for property
(6,004
)
 
(4,071
)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions
(3,818
)
 
(16,349
)
Trading marketable securities, acquisitions
(4,867
)
 
(514
)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations
8,923

 
10,351

Trading marketable securities, liquidations
5,313

 
380

Acquisition of companies, net of cash acquired
(34
)
 
(25
)
Operating leases, liquidations
36

 
39

Proceeds from sale of business units/investments, net
18

 
4,810

Increase in restricted cash and marketable securities
(506
)
 
(644
)
Decrease in restricted cash and marketable securities
1,096

 
992

Purchases and originations of finance receivables
(4,941
)
 
(3,786
)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables
3,349

 
2,817

Purchases of leased vehicles, net
(837
)
 
(578
)
Decrease (increase) in notes receivable
(2,038
)
 
7

Other investing activities
29

 
67

Net cash used in investing activities
(4,281
)
 
(6,504
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt
(221
)
 
169

Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)
7,930

 
7,049

Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)
(5,267
)
 
(7,064
)
Payments to acquire noncontrolling interest
—

 
(100
)
Dividends paid
(679
)
 
(649
)
Other financing activities
(40
)
 
(61
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
1,723

 
(656
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(17
)
 
(216
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
7,249

 
(652
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
16,071

 
21,256

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
23,320

 
$
20,604


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


5



Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS




Note 1. Nature of Operations

General Motors Company, is sometimes referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as “we,” “our,” “us,” “ourselves,” the “Company,” “General Motors,” or “GM.” General Motors Corporation is sometimes referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the periods on or before July 9, 2009, as “Old GM.” Old GM was renamed Motors Liquidation Company (MLC), which was dissolved on December 15, 2011 and transferred its remaining assets and liabilities to the Motors Liquidation Company GUC Trust (GUC Trust).

We design, build and sell cars, trucks and automobile parts worldwide. We also provide automotive financing services primarily through General Motors Financial Company, Inc. (GM Financial).

We analyze the results of our business through our five segments: GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM International Operations (GMIO), GM South America (GMSA) and GM Financial. Nonsegment operations are classified as Corporate. Corporate includes investments in Ally Financial, Inc. (Ally Financial), certain centrally recorded income and costs, such as interest, income taxes and corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment specific revenues and expenses.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. Accordingly they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, composed of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2011 Form 10-K) as filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements

The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities at the reporting date and the amounts of revenue and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods.

Change in Presentation of Financial Statements

In 2012 we changed the presentation of our condensed consolidated balance sheet, condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and certain notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements to classify the assets and liabilities of GM Financial as current or non-current and to combine line items which were either of a related nature or not individually material. We have made corresponding reclassifications to the comparable information for all periods presented.

Venezuelan Exchange Regulations

Our Venezuelan subsidiaries utilize the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency because of the hyperinflationary status of the Venezuelan economy. The Venezuelan government has introduced foreign exchange control regulations which make it more difficult to convert Bolivar Fuerte (BsF) to U.S. Dollars. These regulations affect our Venezuelan subsidiaries' ability to pay non-BsF denominated obligations that do not qualify to be processed by the Venezuela currency exchange agency at the official exchange rates.

The aggregate net assets of our Venezuelan subsidiaries at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were $742 million and $438 million. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 other consolidated entities have receivables from our Venezuelan subsidiaries of $413 million and $380 million. The total amounts pending government approval for settlement at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were BsF 2.3 billion (equivalent to $545 million) and BsF 2.3 billion (equivalent to $535 million), for which some requests have been pending from 2007.

6


Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


Significant Non-Cash Activity

Investing Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the amounts of non-cash property additions that have been excluded from Expenditures for property within the investing activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows because no cash has been expended (dollars in millions):
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Non-cash property additions
$
3,861

 
$
3,324


Financing Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the amounts of common stock contributed to our U.S. hourly and salaried pension plans. These amounts are excluded from the financing activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows because no cash has been expended (dollars in millions):
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Contribution of common stock to U.S. hourly and salaried pension plans
$
—

 
$
1,864


Refer to Note 15 for additional information on the common stock contributed to our U.S. hourly and salaried pension plans.

Recently Adopted Accounting Principles

In 2012 we adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-05, “Presentation of Comprehensive Income” (ASU 2011-05) that requires presentation of all non-owner changes in equity in one continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. We elected to provide a separate statement of comprehensive income for all periods presented. The amendments in this update do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income (OCI) or when an OCI item must be reclassified to net income. The adoption of ASU 2011-05 did not affect our condensed consolidated statements of financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

ASU 2011-05 was modified in December 2011 by the issuance of ASU 2011-12, “Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05.” This update indefinitely defers certain provisions of ASU 2011-05 that require the disclosure of the amount of reclassifications of items from OCI to net income by component of net income and by component of OCI.

Note 3. Acquisition of Businesses

Acquisition of SAIC GM Investment Limited

In September 2012 SAIC Motor Hong Kong Investment Limited (SAIC-HK) exercised its option to not participate in future capital injections to SAIC GM Investment Limited, the holding company of General Motors India Private Limited and Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited (collectively HKJV). We agreed with SAIC-HK to settle a promissory note due from HKJV to us in exchange for HKJV's issuance of 257 million Class B shares at face value of $1.17 per share. SAIC-HK's equity interest in HKJV was diluted from 50% to 14% and we obtained control of HKJV with an 86% interest and consolidated HKJV effective September 1, 2012. We recognized a gain of $51 million measured as the difference between the fair value of our 50% interest in HKJV and the investment carrying amount at the date of acquisition of which $50 million was recorded in Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments. Refer to Note 8 for additional details on our investment in HKJV prior to acquisition. In addition we invested $125 million in HKJV and acquired 186 million Class A shares at face value of $0.6708 per share, which increased our interest in HKJV from 86% to 90.8%.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid and the HKJV assets acquired and liabilities assumed (dollars in

7


Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

millions):

 
September 1, 2012
Consideration
 
Fair value of our previously held investment
$
74

Consideration paid for SAIC's portion of the promissory note
150

Settlement of written put option
(94
)
Total consideration
$
130

 
 
Fair value of the noncontrolling interest
$
21

 
 
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed
 
Cash
$
17

Accounts receivable
124

Inventory
132

Other current assets
13

Property
385

Goodwill
61

Other non-current assets
59

Current liabilities
(483
)
Non-current liabilities
(157
)
 
$
151


When applying the acquisition method of accounting deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances give rise to goodwill, which is a residual. None of the goodwill from this transaction is deductible for tax purposes. We did not provide pro forma financial information because we do not believe the information is material.

Acquisition of GMAC South America LLC

In March 2012 we acquired from Ally Financial for cash of $29 million 100% of the outstanding equity interests of GMAC South America LLC whose only asset is GMAC de Venezuela CA (GMAC Venezuela) comprising the business and operations of Ally Financial in Venezuela. This acquisition provides us with a captive finance offering in Venezuela which we believe is important in maintaining market position and will provide continued sources of financing for our Venezuela dealers and customers.

We recorded the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of March 1, 2012, the date we obtained control, and have included GMAC Venezuela's results of operations and cash flows from that date forward. The following table summarizes the amounts recorded in connection with the acquisition of GMAC Venezuela, which are included in our GMSA segment (dollars in millions):
 
March 1, 2012
Cash
$
79

Other assets
11

Liabilities
(11
)
Bargain purchase gain
(50
)
Consideration paid
$
29


We determined the excess of net assets acquired over consideration paid was attributable to the measurement differences between the BsF denominated assets and liabilities valued using the official foreign exchange rate, as required by U.S. GAAP, and the enterprise value which has been discounted to reflect the uncertainty surrounding our ability to convert the BsF to U.S. Dollars

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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

and the risks of operating in a politically unstable country. The measurement differences do not qualify to be recorded in the application of the acquisition method of accounting, and we recorded the excess of net assets acquired over the consideration paid as a bargain purchase gain. The bargain purchase gain was recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. We did not provide pro forma financial information because we do not believe the information is material.

Acquisition of Additional GM Korea Interests

In March 2011 we completed the acquisition of an additional 6.9% interest in GM Korea Company (GM Korea) for cash of $100 million. The transaction was accounted for as an equity transaction as we retain the controlling financial interest in GM Korea. This transaction reduced our equity attributable to Noncontrolling interests by $134 million and our Accumulated other comprehensive loss by $7 million and increased our Capital surplus by $41 million. We now own 77.0% of the outstanding shares of GM Korea.

Note 4. Marketable Securities

We measure the fair value of our marketable securities using a market approach where identical or comparable prices are available and an income approach in other cases. We obtain the majority of the prices used in this valuation from a pricing service. Our pricing service utilizes industry-standard pricing models that consider various inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities as well as other relevant economic measures. We conduct an annual review of valuations provided by our pricing service, which includes discussion and analysis of the inputs used by the pricing service to provide prices for the types of securities we hold. These inputs include prices for comparable securities, bid/ask quotes, interest rate yields and prepayment spreads. Based on our review we believe the prices received from our pricing service are a reliable representation of exit prices.

At September 30, 2012 we have determined the impairment of our investment in Peugeot S.A. (PSA) remains temporary. Although the magnitude of the decline is significant, the duration of the impairment remains relatively short. The recent European economic uncertainty has driven a drop in vehicle sales and is weighing heavily on the valuation of PSA. We believe PSA continues to work towards executing a short-term and long-term turnaround plan which includes cost reduction initiatives, sales of non-core assets, and building upon alliances with other automotive manufacturers. PSA has continued to invest in new technologies, vehicle development programs and product launches. These new investments and cost cutting initiatives are expected to enable PSA to improve near-term and long-term financial performance. The French government has recently provided its support for PSA through state-backed guarantees on additional borrowings by PSA's financing arm, Banque PSA Finance. Should market conditions not recover in the near-term, we may conclude the impairment is other-than-temporary, resulting in an impairment charge. We currently have the ability and intent to hold the investment until its fair value recovers.

In September 2012 we entered into a transaction to acquire security interests in the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares issued by GM Korea for $293 million. The transaction did not meet the criteria for an extinguishment of the liability. Therefore, we have classified these interests as an available-for-sale corporate debt security. The fair value of these securities was $331 million at September 30, 2012.

The following tables summarize information regarding marketable securities (dollars in millions):

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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
September 30, 2012
 
 
 
Unrealized
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 
Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
9,983

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
9,983

 
$
—

 
$
9,983

 
$
—

Certificates of deposit
760

 
—

 
—

 
760

 
—

 
760

 
—

Money market funds
2,289

 
—

 
—

 
2,289

 
2,289

 
—

 
—

Corporate debt
3,345

 
—

 
—

 
3,345

 
—

 
3,345

 
—

Total available-for-sale securities
$
16,377

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
16,377

 
2,289

 
14,088

 
—

Trading securities(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sovereign debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
824

 
—

 
824

 
—

Total trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
824

 
—

 
824

 
—

Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
17,201

 
$
2,289

 
$
14,912

 
$
—

Cash, time deposits, and other cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,119

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
23,320

 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable securities - current
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
1,079

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,079

 
$
—

 
$
1,079

 
$
—

Sovereign debt
67

 
—

 
—

 
67

 
—

 
67

 
—

Certificates of deposit
13

 
—

 
—

 
13

 
—

 
13

 
—

Corporate debt(b)
3,362

 
45

 
1

 
3,406

 
—

 
3,406

 
—

Total available-for-sale securities
$
4,521

 
$
45

 
$
1

 
4,565

 
—

 
4,565

 
—

Trading securities(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sovereign debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,846

 
—

 
5,846

 
—

Total trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,846

 
—

 
5,846

 
—

Total marketable securities - current
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,411

 
—

 
10,411

 
—

Marketable securities - non-current
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity(c)
$
404

 
$
—

 
$
207

 
197

 
197

 
—

 
—

Total marketable securities - non-current
$
404

 
$
—

 
$
207

 
197

 
197

 
—

 
—

Total marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
10,608

 
$
197

 
$
10,411

 
$
—

Restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
1,018

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,018

 
$
1,018

 
$
—

 
$
—

Sovereign debt
23

 
—

 
—

 
23

 
—

 
23

 
—

Other
173

 
—

 
—

 
173

 
—

 
173

 
—

Total marketable securities classified as restricted cash and marketable securities
$
1,214

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
1,214

 
$
1,018

 
$
196

 
$
—

Restricted cash, time deposits, and other restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
435

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,649

 
 
 
 
 
 
________
(a)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities were $187 million and $(124) million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 and $128 million and $(127) million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. Unrealized gains (losses) are primarily related to remeasurement of Canadian Dollar (CAD) denominated securities.
(b)
Includes security interest in the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares issued by GM Korea.
(c)
Represents our seven percent ownership in PSA acquired in connection with our agreement with PSA to create a long-term and strategic alliance. The investment is recorded in Other assets and deferred income taxes.

10


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
December 31, 2011
 
 
 
Unrealized
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
 
Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
239

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
239

 
$
—

 
$
239

 
$
—

Sovereign debt
490

 
—

 
—

 
490

 
—

 
490

 
—

Certificates of deposit
2,028

 
—

 
—

 
2,028

 
—

 
2,028

 
—

Money market funds
1,794

 
—

 
—

 
1,794

 
1,794

 
—

 
—

Corporate debt
5,112

 
—

 
—

 
5,112

 
—

 
5,112

 
—

Total available-for-sale securities
$
9,663

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
9,663

 
1,794

 
7,869

 
—

Trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sovereign debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
497

 
—

 
497

 
—

Total trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
497

 
—

 
497

 
—

Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,160

 
$
1,794

 
$
8,366

 
$
—

Cash, time deposits, and other cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,911

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
16,071

 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable securities - current
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
5,214

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
5,216

 
$
—

 
$
5,216

 
$
—

Sovereign debt
143

 
—

 
—

 
143

 
—

 
143

 
—

Certificates of deposit
178

 
—

 
—

 
178

 
—

 
178

 
—

Corporate debt
4,566

 
3

 
4

 
4,565

 
—

 
4,565

 
—

Total available-for-sale securities
$
10,101

 
$
5

 
$
4

 
10,102

 
—

 
10,102

 
—

Trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
34

 
34

 
—

 
—

Sovereign debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,936

 
—

 
5,936

 
—

Other debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
76

 
—

 
76

 
—

Total trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,046

 
34

 
6,012

 
—

Total marketable securities - current
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
16,148

 
$
34

 
$
16,114

 
$
—

Restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
1,363

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,363

 
$
1,363

 
$
—

 
$
—

Sovereign debt
15

 
—

 
—

 
15

 
—

 
15

 
—

Other
161

 
3

 
—

 
164

 
—

 
164

 
—

Total marketable securities classified as restricted cash and marketable securities
$
1,539

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
1,542

 
$
1,363

 
$
179

 
$
—

Restricted cash, time deposits, and other restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
691

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,233

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Classification of Restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
 
Current
$
863

 
$
1,005

Non-current
786

 
1,228

Total restricted cash and marketable securities
$
1,649

 
$
2,233



11


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

We maintained securities of $72 million and $84 million as compensating balances to support letters of credit of $60 million and $70 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. We have access to these securities in the normal course of business; however, the letters of credit may be withdrawn if the minimum collateral balance is not maintained.

Sales proceeds from investments in marketable securities classified as available-for-sale and sold prior to maturity were $737 million and $715 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 and $1.7 billion and $964 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and the fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale within cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash by contractual maturity at September 30, 2012 (dollars in millions):
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Due in one year or less
$
17,124

 
$
17,162

Due after one year through five years
1,520

 
1,526

Total contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities
$
18,644

 
$
18,688


Note 5. GM Financial Finance Receivables, net

In April 2012 GM Financial commenced commercial lending activities in the U.S. centered on floorplan financing of dealer vehicle inventory and dealer loans to finance dealer sites, facilities, facility improvements and working capital. These loans are made on a secured basis.

The following table summarizes GM Financial finance receivables, net relating to consumer and commercial activities (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Current
$
3,744

 
$
3,251

Non-current
6,855

 
5,911

Total GM Financial finance receivables, net
$
10,599

 
$
9,162


The following table summarizes the components of GM Financial finance receivables, net relating to consumer and commercial activities (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Pre-acquisition consumer finance receivables, outstanding balance
$
2,597

 
$
4,366

Pre-acquisition consumer finance receivables, carrying amount
$
2,350

 
$
4,027

Post-acquisition finance receivables, net of fees(a)
8,540

 
5,314

Total finance receivables
10,890

 
9,341

Less: allowance for loan losses on post-acquisition finance receivables
(291
)
 
(179
)
Total GM Financial finance receivables, net
$
10,599

 
$
9,162

________
(a) At September 30, 2012 the balance includes finance receivables and loans in connection with the commercial lending program of $284 million.

The following table summarizes activity for finance receivables relating to consumer and commercial activities (dollars in millions):

12


Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Pre-acquisition consumer finance receivables, carrying amount, beginning of period
$
2,811

 
$
5,471

 
$
4,027

 
$
7,299

Post-acquisition finance receivables, beginning of period
7,468

 
3,223

 
5,314

 
924

Loans originated or purchased(a)
1,888

 
1,358

 
4,947

 
3,845

Charge-offs
(82
)
 
(21
)
 
(186
)
 
(29
)
Principal collections and other(b)
(1,170
)
 
(877
)
 
(3,068
)
 
(2,588
)
Change in carrying amount adjustment on the pre-acquisition finance receivables
(25
)
 
(85
)
 
(144
)
 
(382
)
Balance at end of period
$
10,890

 
$
9,069

 
$
10,890

 
$
9,069

________
(a) Includes finance receivables and loans originated of $410 million and $584 million in connection with the commercial lending program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.
(b) Includes principal collections of $254 million and $300 million in connection with the commercial lending program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and estimated fair value of GM Financial finance receivables, net (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
GM Financial finance receivables, net
$
10,599

 
$
10,957

 
$
9,162

 
$
9,386


GM Financial determined the fair value of consumer finance receivables using Level 3 inputs within a cash flow model. The Level 3 inputs reflect assumptions regarding expected prepayments, deferrals, delinquencies, recoveries and charge-offs of the loans within the finance receivable portfolio. The cash flow model produces an estimated amortization schedule of the finance receivables which is the basis for the calculation of the series of cash flows that derive the fair value of the portfolio. The series of cash flows are calculated and discounted using a weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) using unobservable debt and equity percentages, an unobservable cost of equity and an observable cost of debt based on companies with a similar credit rating and maturity and maturity profile as the portfolio. Macroeconomic factors could negatively affect the credit performance of the portfolio and therefore could potentially affect the assumptions used in our cash flow model.

Substantially all commercial finance receivables have variable interest rates and maturities of one year. Therefore, the carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

GM Financial purchases consumer finance contracts from automobile dealers without recourse, and accordingly, the dealer has no liability to GM Financial if the consumer defaults on the contract. Finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and GM Financial has the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the consumer defaults on the payment terms of the contract.

At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 the accrual of finance charge income has been suspended on delinquent consumer finance receivables based on contractual amounts due of $450 million and $439 million. At September 30, 2012 there were no commercial finance receivables or loans on non-accrual status.

GM Financial reviews its pre-acquisition portfolio for differences between contractual cash flows and the cash flows expected to be collected from its initial investment in the pre-acquisition portfolio to determine if the difference is attributable, at least, in part to credit quality. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as a result of improvements in credit performance of the pre-acquisition portfolio, which resulted in an increase of expected cash flows of $170 million, GM Financial transferred this excess non-accretable discount to accretable yield. GM Financial will recognize this excess as finance charge income over the remaining life of the portfolio.

The following table summarizes accretable yield (dollars in millions):

13


Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Balance at beginning of period
$
628

 
$
1,072

 
$
737

 
$
1,201

Accretion of accretable yield
(123
)
 
(192
)
 
(402
)
 
(575
)
Transfer from non-accretable discount
—

 
7

 
170

 
261

Balance at end of period
$
505

 
$
887

 
$
505

 
$
887


The following table summarizes the allowance for post-acquisition loan losses on consumer finance receivables (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Current
$
220

 
$
136

Non-current
71

 
43

Total allowance for post-acquisition loan losses
$
291

 
$
179


The following table summarizes activity for the allowance for post-acquisition loan losses on consumer finance receivables (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Balance at beginning of period
$
249

 
$
108

 
$
179

 
$
26

Provision for loan losses
78

 
51

 
188

 
135

Charge-offs
(82
)
 
(21
)
 
(186
)
 
(29
)
Recoveries
46

 
13

 
110

 
19

Balance at end of period
$
291

 
$
151

 
$
291

 
$
151


Credit Quality

Consumer Finance Receivables

Credit bureau scores, generally referred to as FICO scores, are determined during GM Financial's automotive loan origination process. The following table summarizes the credit risk profile of consumer finance receivables by FICO score band, determined at origination (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
FICO score less than 540
$
2,874

 
$
2,133

FICO score 540 to 599
4,890

 
4,167

FICO score 600 to 659
2,569

 
2,624

FICO score greater than 660
520

 
756

Balance at end of period(a)
$
10,853

 
$
9,680

__________
(a)
Composed of the sum of pre-acquisition consumer finance receivables - outstanding balance and post-acquisition consumer finance receivables, net of fees.

Commercial Finance Receivables

GM Financial's commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings. A proprietary model is used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. A credit review of each dealer is performed at least annually and, if necessary, the dealer's risk rating is adjusted on the basis of the review.


14


Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

Delinquency

Consumer Finance Receivables

The following summarizes the contractual amount of consumer finance receivables, which is not materially different than the recorded investment, more than 30 days delinquent, but not yet in repossession, and in repossession, but not yet charged off (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
Amount
 
Percent of Contractual Amount Due
 
Amount
 
Percent of Contractual Amount Due
Delinquent contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31-to-60 days
$
561

 
5.2
%
 
$
441

 
4.7
%
Greater-than-60 days
204

 
1.9
%
 
165

 
1.7
%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent
765

 
7.1
%
 
606

 
6.4
%
In repossession
38

 
0.3
%
 
34

 
0.4
%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession
$
803

 
7.4
%
 
$
640

 
6.8
%

An account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date such payment was contractually due. Delinquencies may vary from period to period based upon the average age of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year and economic factors.

Commercial Finance Receivables

At September 30, 2012 all commercial finance receivables were current with respect to payment status.

Note 6. Securitizations

The following table summarizes securitization activity and cash flows from consolidated special purpose entities (SPEs) used for securitizations (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Receivables securitized
$
1,372

 
$
955

 
$
5,721

 
$
3,873

Net proceeds from securitization
$
1,300

 
$
900

 
$
5,400

 
$
3,650

Servicing fees


 


 


 


Variable interest entities
$
60

 
$
50

 
$
178

 
$
148

Net distributions from trusts


 


 


 


Variable interest entities
$
267

 
$
203

 
$
1,183

 
$
637


GM Financial retains servicing responsibilities for receivables transferred to securitization SPEs. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 GM Financial serviced finance receivables that have been transferred to certain SPEs of $9.9 billion and $7.9 billion. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 a Canadian subsidiary of GM Financial serviced leased assets of $0.7 billion and $1.0 billion for a third party.

Note 7. Inventories

The following table summarizes the components of Inventories (dollars in millions):

15


Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Productive material, supplies and work in process
$
7,241

 
$
6,486

Finished product, including service parts
8,431

 
7,838

Total inventories
$
15,672

 
$
14,324


Note 8. Equity in Net Assets of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Nonconsolidated affiliates are entities in which an equity ownership interest is maintained and for which the equity method of accounting is used, due to the ability to exercise significant influence over decisions relating to their operating and financial affairs.

The following table summarizes information regarding Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
China JVs
$
371

 
$
387

 
$
1,121

 
$
1,215

New Delphi (including gain on disposition)


 


 


 
1,727

Others (including gain on acquisition of HKJV)
47

 
(10
)
 
20

 
(39
)
Total equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
$
418

 
$
377

 
$
1,141

 
$
2,903


We received dividends from nonconsolidated affiliates of $0 and $17 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 and $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 we had undistributed earnings including dividends declared but not received of $1.3 billion and $1.6 billion related to our nonconsolidated affiliates.

Investment in China JVs

The following table summarizes our direct ownership interests in our Chinese joint ventures, collectively referred to as China JVs:
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Shanghai General Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM)
50
%
 
49
%
Shanghai GM Norsom Motor Co., Ltd. (SGM Norsom)
25
%
 
25
%
Shanghai GM Dong Yue Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM DY)
25
%
 
25
%
Shanghai GM Dong Yue Powertrain (SGM DYPT)
25
%
 
25
%
SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW)
44
%
 
44
%
FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. (FAW-GM)
50
%
 
50
%
Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.
50
%
 
50
%
Shanghai OnStar Telematics Co., Ltd. (Shanghai OnStar)
40
%
 
40
%
Shanghai Chengxin Used Car Operation and Management Co., Ltd. (Shanghai Chengxin Used Car)
33
%
 
33
%
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd. (SGMS)
49
%
 



Sales and income of our China JVs are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments.

SGM is a joint venture established in 1997 by Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) (50%) and us (50%). In February 2010 we sold a 1% equity interest in SGM to SAIC-HK, reducing our ownership interest to 49%. The equity transfer agreement with SAIC-HK granted us a contingently exercisable option to repurchase the 1% interest. In September 2012, we repurchased the 1% interest in SGM for a total consideration of $119 million, increasing our ownership interest in SGM to 50%. The transaction was accounted for by applying the equity method of accounting. The consideration exceeded our proportionate share of the 1% interest in SGM net assets by $82 million, which consists of plant, property and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill of $8 million, $36 million and $38 million.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


SGM has interests in three other joint ventures in China: SGM Norsom, SGM DY and SGM DYPT. These three joint ventures are jointly held by SGM (50%), SAIC (25%) and us (25%). These four joint ventures are engaged in the production, import and sale of a comprehensive range of products under the brands of Buick, Chevrolet and Cadillac. SGM has interests in Shanghai OnStar (20%) and Shanghai Chengxin Used Car (33%). SGM also has 20% equity interest in GMAC-SAIC Automotive Finance, Ltd., a joint venture established by General Motors Acceptance Corporation (now Ally Financial) (40%) and SAIC Finance Co., Ltd. (40%) in 2007.

SGMS is a joint venture established in November 2011 by SAIC (51%) and us (49%) to engage in the sales of the imported brands of Buick, Chevrolet and Cadillac and the sales of automobiles manufactured by SGM.

Sale of New Delphi

In March 2011 we sold our Class A Membership Interests in Delphi Automotive LLP (New Delphi) to New Delphi for $3.8 billion. The Class A Membership Interests sold represented 100% of our direct and indirect interests in New Delphi and 100% of New Delphi's Class A Membership Interests issued and outstanding. The sale terminated any direct and indirect obligation to loan New Delphi up to $500 million under a term loan facility established in October 2009 when New Delphi was created and the Class A Membership Interests were issued. New Delphi had not borrowed under this loan facility. In March 2011 we recorded a gain of $1.6 billion related to the sale in Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments. Our existing supply contracts with New Delphi were not affected by this transaction.

Investment in HKJV

In March 2011 the fair value of our investment in HKJV was determined to be less than its carrying amount. The loss in value was determined to be other-than-temporary; therefore, we recorded an impairment charge of $39 million in the three months ended March 31, 2011. In addition we recorded other charges totaling $67 million related to our investment in the HKJV.

We provided SAIC-HK, a 50% equity holder in HKJV through September 1, 2012, an option to not participate in future capital injections, which would otherwise be required under certain circumstances. The related option liability was $88 million and total unrealized losses were $64 million at December 31, 2011. A Monte Carlo option-pricing model was used to estimate the fair value of the option liability which is a Level 3 measure. The key inputs into the option pricing model were the expected volatility, risk-free rate, expected term, fair value of HKJV and expected amounts of the future funding requirement. The fair value estimate of the option is most sensitive to the fair value of HKJV, which is unobservable. A discounted cash flow methodology was utilized to estimate the fair value of HKJV.

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 SAIC-HK exercised its option to not participate in future capital injections to HKJV. As a consequence of the decision to not participate in the capital injections and our settlement of a promissory note, SAIC-HK's interest in HKJV was diluted from 50% to 14% and we obtained control of HKJV with an 86% interest. We consolidated the assets and liabilities and the results of operations of HKJV beginning on September 1, 2012. We recognized a gain of $51 million measured as the difference between the fair value of our 50% interest in HKJV and the investment carrying amount at the date of acquisition of which $50 million was recorded in Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments. Refer to Note 3 for further detail regarding the acquisition.

VMM Deconsolidation

In June 2011 we entered into a new shareholder agreement with Fiat Powertrain Technologies SPA related to VM Motori (VMM) in Italy. Prior to the new shareholder agreement, we controlled VMM and consolidated VMM’s assets, liabilities and results of operations. Under the new shareholder agreement, we retain 50% ownership but no longer have control. Accordingly, we removed the assets and liabilities of VMM, which included allocated goodwill of $36 million from our GME reporting unit, from our consolidated financial statements and recorded an equity interest in the amount of $46 million.

Transactions with Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Nonconsolidated affiliates are involved in various aspects of the development, production and marketing of cars, trucks and automobile parts. We purchase component parts and vehicles from certain nonconsolidated affiliates for resale to dealers. The following tables summarize the effects of transactions with nonconsolidated affiliates (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Results of operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive sales and revenue
$
568

 
$
757

 
$
1,873

 
$
2,444

Automotive purchases, net
$
98

 
$
31

 
$
407

 
$
861

Automotive selling, general and administrative expense
$
(6
)
 
$
2

 
$
(3
)
 
$
8

Automotive interest expense
$
4

 
$
5

 
$
16

 
$
15

Interest income and other non-operating income (expense), net
$
11

 
$
15

 
$
174

 
$
26


 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Financial position
 
 
 
Accounts and notes receivable, net
$
353

 
$
1,785

Accounts and notes payable
$
212

 
$
342

Deferred revenue and customer deposits
$
44

 
$
150


 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Cash flows
 
 
 
Operating
$
3,030

 
$
2,761

Investing
$
(38
)
 
$
(1
)

Note 9. Goodwill
The following tables summarize the changes in the carrying amounts of Goodwill (dollars in millions):
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2012
$
26,399

 
$
581

 
$
610

 
$
151

 
$
27,741

 
$
1,278

 
$
29,019

Impairment charges
—

 
(590
)
 
(105
)
 
—

 
(695
)
 
—

 
(695
)
Goodwill from business combinations (a)
—

 
—

 
61

 
—

 
61

 
—

 
61

Effect of foreign currency translation and other
—

 
9

 
19

 
(6
)
 
22

 
1

 
23

Balance at September 30, 2012
$
26,399

 
$
—

 
$
585

 
$
145

 
$
27,129

 
$
1,279

 
$
28,408

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated impairment charges at December 31, 2011
$
—

 
$
(2,482
)
 
$
(270
)
 
$
—

 
$
(2,752
)
 
$
—

 
$
(2,752
)
Accumulated impairment charges at
September 30, 2012
$
—

 
$
(3,072
)
 
$
(375
)
 
$
—

 
$
(3,447
)
 
$
—

 
$
(3,447
)
________
(a)
Refer to Note 3 for additional information concerning the acquisition of HKJV.

We adopted the provisions of ASU 2010-28 "When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts" (ASU 2010-28) on January 1, 2011 and performed Step 2 of the goodwill impairment testing analysis for our GME reporting unit which had a negative carrying amount resulting in the recognition of a cumulative-effect adjustment to Retained earnings. GME continued to have a negative carrying amount and because it was more likely than not further goodwill impairment existed in the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 we recorded further Goodwill impairment charges in the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011. At March 31, 2012 GME's Goodwill balance was $0.

In the three months ended March 31, June 30, and September 30, 2012 we performed event-driven goodwill impairment tests

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

at our GM Korea reporting unit, which resulted in Goodwill impairment charges within our GMIO segment of $27 million and $78 million in the three months ended March 31 and September 30, 2012.
The following tables summarize the Goodwill impairment charges recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 (dollars in millions):
 
2012
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Total
Three months ended September 30
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
78

Nine months ended September 30
$
—

 
$
590

 
$
105

 
$
—

 
$
695

 
$
—

 
$
695

 
2011
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Total
Effect of Adoption of ASU 2010-28(a)
$
—

 
$
1,466

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,466

 
$
—

 
$
1,466

Three months ended September 30
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Nine months ended September 30
$
—

 
$
395

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
395

 
$
—

 
$
395

_________
(a)
Impairment charges were recorded as a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning Retained earnings upon the adoption of ASU 2010-28 in the three months ended March 31, 2011.

The Goodwill impairment charges recorded as a result of the initial adoption of ASU 2010-28 in the three months ended March 31, 2011 and the event-driven goodwill impairment tests in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 represent the net decreases in implied goodwill resulting primarily from decreases in the fair value-to-U.S. GAAP differences attributable to those assets and liabilities that gave rise to goodwill upon our application of fresh-start reporting, as discussed in Note 32 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2011 Form 10-K. The net decreases resulted primarily from a decrease in our nonperformance risk and an improvement in our incremental borrowing rates since July 10, 2009. At certain of the testing dates the net decrease also resulted from an increase in the high quality corporate bond rates utilized to measure our employee benefit obligations and a decrease in credit spreads between high quality corporate bond rates and market interest rates for companies with similar nonperformance risk. In addition, for the purpose of deriving an implied goodwill balance, deterioration in the business outlook for GME resulted in a reduction in the fair value of certain tax attributes and an increase in the fair value of estimated employee benefit obligations. The amount of implied goodwill derived from GM Korea decreased primarily from a reduction in the fair value of certain tax attributes.

When performing our goodwill impairment testing, the fair values of our reporting units were determined based on valuation techniques using the best available information, primarily discounted cash flow projections. We make significant assumptions and estimates about the extent and timing of future cash flows, growth rates, market share and discount rates that represent unobservable inputs into our valuation methodologies. The cash flows are estimated over a significant future period of time, which makes those estimates and assumptions subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Where available and as appropriate, comparative market multiples and the quoted market price of our common stock are used to corroborate the results of the discounted cash flow method. Assumptions used in our discounted cash flow analysis that have the most significant effect on the estimated fair values of our reporting units include:

•Our estimated WACC;
•Our estimated long-term growth rates; and
•Our estimate of industry sales and our market share.

The valuation methodologies utilized to perform our goodwill impairment testing were consistent with those used in our application of fresh-start reporting on July 10, 2009 and in subsequent annual or event-driven goodwill impairment tests and utilized Level 3 measures. Because the fair value of goodwill can be measured only as a residual amount and cannot be determined directly we calculated the implied goodwill for GME and GM Korea in the same manner that goodwill is recognized in a business combination pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 805, "Business Combinations."

The following table summarizes the Goodwill balances and key assumptions, which are unobservable, utilized for each of our

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

reporting units that required a Step 2 analysis (dollars and industry volumes in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Industry Volumes(a)(b)
 
Market Share(a)(b)
 
Goodwill(c)
 
WACC
 
Long-Term Growth Rates
 
2011/2012
 
2015/2016
 
2011/2012
 
2015/2016
GME - At January 1, 2011
$
3,053

 
17.0
%
 
0.5
%
 
18.4
 
22.0
 
6.6
%
 
7.4
%
GME - At March 31, 2011
$
1,661

 
16.5
%
 
0.5
%
 
18.4
 
22.0
 
6.6
%
 
7.4
%
GME - At March 31, 2012
$
594

 
17.5
%
 
0.5
%
 
19.1
 
21.9
 
6.2
%
 
6.3
%
GM Korea - At March 31, 2012
$
564

 
14.8
%
 
3.0
%
 
81.0
 
97.1
 
1.4
%
 
1.1
%
GM Korea - At June 30, 2012
$
523

 
14.8
%
 
3.0
%
 
81.0
 
97.1
 
1.4
%
 
1.1
%
GM Korea - At September 30, 2012
$
540

 
14.5
%
 
3.0
%
 
82.1
 
99.8
 
1.2
%
 
1.2
%
_________
(a)
Industry forecast volumes and market share for GM Korea are based on global industry volumes because GM Korea exports vehicles globally.
(b)
GME forecast volumes at January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2011 are 2011 through 2015 and GME forecast volumes at March 31, 2012 are 2012 through 2016. GM Korea forecast volumes at March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2012 are 2012 through 2015, and GM Korea forecast volumes at September 30, 2012 are 2012 through 2016.
(c)
Represents the balance of Goodwill evaluated for impairment under the Step 2 analysis.

The WACCs considered various factors including bond yields, risk premiums and tax rates; the terminal values were determined using a growth model that applied a reporting unit's long-term growth rate to its projected cash flows beyond the forecast period; and industry sales and a market share for each reporting unit included annual estimates through the forecast period. In addition, minimum operating cash needs that incorporate specific business, economic and regulatory factors giving rise to varying cash needs were estimated.

During our Step 2 analyses we determined the fair values of these reporting units had not increased sufficiently to give rise to implied goodwill other than the goodwill arising from the fair value-to-U.S. GAAP differences attributable to those assets and liabilities that gave rise to goodwill upon our application of fresh-start reporting. On our testing dates our Step 2 analyses indicated GME's and GM Korea's implied goodwill was less than their recorded goodwill; therefore, Goodwill was adjusted at the various dates indicated in the table above, except for at June 30, 2012 GM Korea's implied goodwill exceeded its recorded goodwill. As such GM Korea's goodwill was not adjusted at June 30, 2012.

Our U.S. and Canadian operations are experiencing significant profitability. If this trend continues into the fourth quarter of 2012 and if our final plans for 2013 and future longer-term forecasts show sustained profitability, it is likely that we will reverse some or all of the applicable valuation allowances recorded against our deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2012, resulting in a significant increase in earnings and associated equity. If the fair value of the GMNA reporting unit does not increase significantly, this would likely result in a material goodwill impairment charge against earnings.

In these circumstances future goodwill impairments would largely be affected by decreases in the fair value-to-U.S. GAAP differences that have occurred subsequent to our application of fresh-start reporting. The decrease may occur upon: (1) an improvement in our credit rating; (2) a decrease in credit spreads between high quality corporate bond rates and market interest rates thus resulting in a decrease in the spread between our employee benefit related obligations under U.S. GAAP and their fair values; and/or (3) a change in the fair values of our estimated employee benefit obligations. A decrease would also occur upon reversal of our deferred tax asset valuation allowances. Any decreases in the fair value-to-U.S. GAAP differences that result in goodwill impairment would have a negative effect on our earnings that could be material.

Our fair value estimates for event-driven impairment tests assume the achievement of the future financial results contemplated in our forecasted cash flows and there can be no assurance that we will realize that value. The estimates and assumptions used are subject to significant uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and there is no assurance that anticipated financial results will be achieved.

Note 10. Intangible Assets, net

The following table summarizes the components of Intangible assets, net (dollars in millions):

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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 

Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 

Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Technology and intellectual property
$
7,761

 
$
6,005

 
$
1,756

 
$
7,751

 
$
5,081

 
$
2,670

Brands
5,413

 
487

 
4,926

 
5,410

 
374

 
5,036

Dealer network and customer relationships
2,166

 
409

 
1,757

 
2,138

 
322

 
1,816

Favorable contracts
551

 
261

 
290

 
514

 
200

 
314

Other
17

 
17

 
—

 
17

 
14

 
3

Total amortizing intangible assets
15,908

 
7,179

 
8,729

 
15,830

 
5,991

 
9,839

Nonamortizing in process research and development
175

 
 
 
175

 
175

 


 
175

Total intangible assets
$
16,083

 
$
7,179

 
$
8,904

 
$
16,005

 
$
5,991

 
$
10,014


The following table summarizes amortization expense related to intangible assets (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Amortization expense related to intangible assets
$
389

 
$
430

 
$
1,179

 
$
1,396


The following table summarizes estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets in each of the next five years (dollars in millions):
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
2017
Estimated amortization expense
$
1,229

 
$
612

 
$
314

 
$
315

 
$
312


Note 11. Variable Interest Entities

Consolidated VIEs

Automotive

Variable interest entities (VIEs) that we do not control through a majority voting interest that are consolidated because we are the primary beneficiary include certain vehicle assembling, manufacturing and selling venture arrangements, the most significant of which is GM Egypt. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011: (1) Total assets of these VIEs were $458 million and $463 million, which were composed of Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts and notes receivable, net, Inventories and Property, net; and (2) Total liabilities were $261 million and $298 million, which were composed of Accounts payable (principally trade) and Accrued liabilities. In the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 Total net sales and revenue recorded by these VIEs were $284 million and $171 million and Net income was $25 million and $12 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 Total net sales and revenue recorded by these VIEs were $746 million and $508 million and Net income was $32 million and $41 million. These amounts are stated prior to intercompany eliminations. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating VIEs generally do not represent claims against us or our other subsidiaries and assets recognized generally are for the benefit of the VIEs' operations and cannot be used to satisfy our obligations.

HKJV and GM Korea are non-wholly owned consolidated subsidiaries that we control through a majority voting interest. They are also VIEs because in the future they may require additional subordinated financial support.

The following table summarizes the liabilities of HKJV and GM Korea for which their creditors do not have recourse to our general credit.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
HKJV(a)
 
 
 
Short-term debt
$
118

 
 
Long-term debt
$
120

 
 
GM Korea
 
 
 
Short-term debt
$
109

 
$
171

Current derivative
$
13

 
$
44

Long-term debt
$
3

 
$
7

__________
(a)
Consolidated effective September 1, 2012. Refer to Notes 3 and 8 for additional information on the acquisition of HKJV.

In February 2011 we provided a guarantee to a minority shareholder in GM Korea to repurchase GM Korea's preferred shares according to the redemption schedule should GM Korea not repurchase the shares. This guarantee decreased the amount of long-term debt for which the creditors of GM Korea did not have recourse to our general credit in the three months ended March 31, 2011.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

GM Financial finances its loan and lease origination volume through the use of credit facilities and securitization trusts that issue asset-backed securities to investors. GM Financial retains a residual interest in these entities and is not required to provide any additional financial support to its sponsored credit facilities and securitization SPEs. The SPEs are considered VIEs because they do not have sufficient equity at risk and are consolidated because GM Financial has the power over those activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the SPEs. The finance receivables, leased assets and other assets held by these subsidiaries are not available to our creditors or creditors of our other subsidiaries. Refer to Notes 5, 6 and 13 for additional information on GM Financial's involvement with the SPEs.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

Automotive

VIEs that are not consolidated include certain vehicle assembling, manufacturing and selling venture arrangements and other automotive related entities to which we provided financial support including HKJV prior to September 2012 and Ally Financial. We concluded these entities are VIEs because they do not have sufficient equity at risk or may require additional subordinated financial support. We currently lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct those activities of these entities that most significantly affect their economic performance. Our variable interests in these nonconsolidated VIEs include accounts and notes receivable, equity in net assets, guarantees and financial support, some of which were provided to certain current or previously divested suppliers in order to ensure that supply needs for production were not disrupted due to a supplier's liquidity concerns or possible shutdowns.

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for nonconsolidated VIEs and the related off-balance sheet guarantees and maximum exposure to loss, excluding Ally Financial that is disclosed in Note 22 (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Carrying Amount
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
 
Carrying Amount
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts and notes receivable, net
$
8

 
$
8

 
$
1

 
$
1

Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates
117

 
113

 
190

 
186

Other assets
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

Total assets
$
126

 
$
122

 
$
192

 
$
188

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
$
56

 
 
 
$
198

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Off-balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan commitments
 
 
$
15

 
 
 
$
15

Other liquidity arrangements(a)
 
 
5

 
 
 
220

Total off-balance sheet arrangements
 
 
$
20

 
 
 
$
235

__________
(a)
Amounts at December 31, 2011 represented additional contingent future capital funding requirements related primarily to HKJV.

Refer to Note 22 for additional information on Ally Financial, including our maximum exposure to loss under agreements with Ally Financial and our recorded investment in Ally Financial.

Note 12. Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment Charges

The following table summarizes depreciation, amortization and impairment charges related to Property, net, Equipment on operating leases, net and GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets
$
994

 
$
832

 
$
2,811

 
$
2,711

Impairment charges of long-lived assets(a)
$
7

 
$
18

 
$
61

 
$
62

Depreciation of equipment on operating leases
$
124

 
$
178

 
$
321

 
$
386

Impairment charges of equipment on operating leases
$
27

 
$
13

 
$
157

 
$
126

__________
(a)
The fair value of related assets was determined to be $0 in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 and $0 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 measured utilizing Level 3 inputs. Fair value measurements of long-lived assets utilized projected cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the perceived business risks related to the assets involved.

The following table summarizes equipment on operating leases to daily rental car companies measured at fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs on a nonrecurring basis (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis (a)
 
Fair Value Measures
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 

Level 3
Three months ended September 30, 2012
$
720

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
720

Three months ended September 30, 2011
$
777

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
777

Nine months ended September 30, 2012
$
2,266

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,266

Nine months ended September 30, 2011
$
2,226

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,226

__________
(a)
The carrying amount of the related assets at September 30, 2012 and 2011 may no longer equal the fair value as the fair value presented is

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

as of the date the impairment charge was recorded during the period presented.

Impairment of vehicles leased to daily rental car companies with guaranteed repurchase obligations is determined to exist if the expected cash flows are lower than the carrying amount of the vehicle. We have multiple, distinct portfolios of vehicles leased to rental car companies and may have multiple impairments within a period. Expected cash flows include all estimated net revenue and costs associated with the sale to daily rental car companies through disposal at auction. The fair value measurements are determined, reviewed and approved on a monthly basis by personnel with appropriate knowledge of transactions with daily rental car companies and auction transactions.

The following table summarizes the significant quantitative unobservable inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurement of Equipment on operating leases, net (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant
 Unobservable Input
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2012
Impaired equipment on operating leases
Cash flow
 
Estimated net revenue
 
$
735

 
$
2,320

 
 
 
Estimated costs
 
$
762

 
$
2,477


Note 13. Debt

Automotive

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of debt (dollars in millions):


September 30, 2012

December 31, 2011
Carrying amount
$
5,591

 
$
5,295

Fair value(a)
$
6,011

 
$
5,467

__________
(a)
The fair value of debt included $4.8 billion and $4.4 billion measured utilizing Level 2 inputs at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The fair value of debt included $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion measured utilizing Level 3 inputs at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

The Level 2 fair value measurements utilize a discounted cash flow model. The valuation is reviewed internally by personnel with appropriate expertise in valuation methodologies. This model utilizes observable inputs such as contractual repayment terms and benchmark forward yield curves, plus a spread that is intended to represent our nonperformance risk for secured or unsecured obligations. We estimate our nonperformance risk using our corporate credit rating, the rating on our secured revolver, yields on traded bonds of companies with comparable credit ratings and risk profiles. We acquire the benchmark yield curves and nonperformance risk spread from independent sources that are widely used in the financial industry. In certain circumstances we adjust the valuation of debt for additional nonperformance risk or potential prepayment probability scenarios. We may use a probability weighting of prepayment scenarios when the stated rate exceeds market rates and the instrument contains prepayment features. The prepayment scenarios are adjusted to reflect the views of market participants. The fair value measurements subject to additional adjustments for nonperformance risk or prepayment have been categorized within Level 3.

In the three months ended March 31, 2012 we prepaid and retired a debt obligation of $39 million. We recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $18 million which primarily represented the unamortized debt discount. In the nine months ended September 30, 2011 we prepaid and retired in full debt facilities of $1.0 billion held by certain of our subsidiaries, primarily in GMNA and GMSA. We recorded a loss on extinguishment of these debt facilities of $45 million.
 
Automotive Financing - GM Financial

The following table summarizes the current and non-current portion of debt (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


September 30, 2012

December 31, 2011
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
$
4,001


$
4,118

Long-term debt
7,061


4,420

Total GM Financial debt
$
11,062


$
8,538


The following table summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of debt (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Level
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
Credit facilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medium-term note facility
3
 
$
182

 
$
182

 
$
294

 
$
294

Syndicated warehouse facility
2
 
—

 
—

 
621

 
621

Lease warehouse facilities
2
 
375

 
375

 
181

 
181

Bank funding facility
3
 
—

 
—

 
3

 
3

Total credit facilities
 
 
557

 
557

 
1,099

 
1,099

Securitization notes payable

 

 

 


 


Securitization notes payable
1
 
8,450

 
8,585

 
6,938

 
6,946

Private securitization 2012-PP1
3
 
555

 
568

 


 


Total securitization notes payable
 
 
9,005

 
9,153

 
6,938

 
6,946

Senior notes and convertible senior notes
2
 
1,500

 
1,580

 
501

 
511

Total GM Financial debt
 
 
$
11,062

 
$
11,290

 
$
8,538

 
$
8,556


The carrying amount of the syndicated warehouse facility and lease warehouse facilities is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value because these facilities have variable rates of interest and maturities of approximately one year. The fair value of the bank funding facility, securitization notes payable and senior notes and convertible senior notes are based on quoted market prices, when available. If quoted prices are not available the market value is estimated by discounting future net cash flows expected to be settled using a current risk-adjusted rate.

GM Financial uses observable and unobservable inputs to estimate fair value of the medium-term note facility. Observable inputs are used regarding an advance rate on the receivables to generate an estimated debt amount as well as the interest rate used to calculate the series of estimated principal payments. Those series of principal and interest payments are discounted using an unobservable interest rate based on the most recent securitization in order to estimate fair value which would approximate the market value.

GM Financial uses observable and unobservable inputs to estimate fair value for the private securitization 2012-PP1. Unobservable inputs are related to the structuring of the debt into various classes, which is based on public securitizations issued during the same time frame. Observable inputs are used by obtaining active prices based on the securitization debt issued during the same time frame. These observable inputs are then used to create expected market prices (unobservable inputs), which are then applied to the debt classes in order to estimate fair value which would approximate market value.

Credit Facilities

The following table summarizes further details regarding terms and availability of GM Financial's credit facilities at September 30, 2012 (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)



Facility
Amount
 
Advances
Outstanding
 
Assets
Pledged
 
Restricted
Cash
Pledged(a)
Syndicated warehouse facility(b)
$
2,500

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

U.S. lease warehouse facility(c)
$
600

 
—

 
—

 
—

Canada lease warehouse facility(d)
$
813

 
375

 
584

 
3

Medium-term note facility(e)
 
 
182

 
201

 
84

 
 
 
$
557

 
$
785

 
$
87

__________
(a)
These amounts do not include cash collected on finance receivables pledged of $32 million which is included in Restricted cash and marketable securities.
(b)
In May 2012 GM Financial increased the syndicated warehouse facility amount from $2.0 billion to $2.5 billion and extended the maturity date to May 2013.
(c)
In January 2012 GM Financial extended the maturity date of the U.S. lease warehouse facility to January 2013. Borrowings on the facility are collateralized by leased assets.
(d)
In July 2012 GM Financial increased the Canada lease warehouse facility from CAD $600 million to CAD $800 million and extended the maturity date to July 2013. Borrowings in the facility are collateralized by leased assets. The facility amount represents CAD $800 million at September 30, 2012 and the advances outstanding amount represents CAD $368 million at September 30, 2012.
(e)
In October 2012 this facility was paid in full and subsequently terminated.

Securitization Notes Payable

Securitization notes payable represents debt issued by GM Financial in securitization transactions. The following table summarizes securitization notes payable (dollars in millions):
 
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Year of Transactions
 
Maturity Dates(a)
 
 
Original
Note
Amounts
 
Original
Weighted-
Average
Interest
Rates
 
Total
Receivables
Pledged
 

Note
Balance
 

Note
Balance
2006
 
January 2014
 
$
1,200

 
5.4%
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
63

2007
 
April 2014 - March 2016
 
$
1,000 - 1,500

 
5.3% - 5.5%
 
—

 
—

 
794

2008
 
October 2014 - April 2015
 
$
500 - 750

 
 6.0% - 10.5%
 
282

 
104

 
171

2009
 
January 2016 - July 2017
 
$
227 - 725

 
2.7% - 7.5%
 
251

 
188

 
298

2010
 
July 2017 - April 2018
 
$
200 - 850

 
2.2% - 3.8%
 
1,394

 
1,235

 
1,756

2011
 
July 2018 - March 2019
 
$
800 - 1,000

 
2.4% - 2.9%
 
3,037

 
2,798

 
3,813

2012
 
June 2019 - February 2020
 
$
800 - 1,300

 
1.5% - 2.9%
 
4,974

 
4,663

 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
9,938

 
8,988

 
6,895

Purchase accounting premium
 
17

 
43

Total securitization notes payable
 
$
9,005

 
$
6,938

__________
(a)
Maturity dates represent final legal maturity of securitization notes payable. Securitization notes payable are expected to be paid based on amortization of the finance receivables pledged to the trusts.

Senior notes

In August 2012 GM Financial issued 4.75% senior notes of $1.0 billion which are due in August 2017, with interest payable semiannually. GM Financial intends to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, acquisitions. The notes are guaranteed by GM Financial's principal operating subsidiary.

In connection with the issuance of these senior notes, GM Financial entered into a registration rights agreement that requires GM Financial to file a registration statement with the SEC for an exchange offer with respect to the 4.75% senior notes and the subsidiary guaranty. If the registration statement has not been declared effective by the SEC within 365 days from the original issuance of the senior notes or ceases to remain effective, GM Financial will be required to pay the 4.75% senior note holders a maximum amount of $0.50 per week of additional interest per $1,000 of principal during the time the registration statement is not

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

effective, for a period of up to one year.

Note 14. Product Warranty Liability

The following table summarizes activity for policy, product warranty, recall campaigns and certified used vehicle warranty liabilities (dollars in millions):
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Balance at beginning of period
$
6,600

 
$
6,789

Warranties issued and assumed in period
2,594

 
2,290

Payments
(2,583
)
 
(2,862
)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties
510

 
468

Effect of foreign currency translation
47

 
(52
)
Balance at end of period
$
7,168

 
$
6,633


Note 15. Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits

Contributions

We made a contribution in January 2011 to our U.S. hourly and salaried defined benefit pension plans of 61 million shares of our common stock valued at $2.2 billion for funding purposes at the time of contribution. The contributed shares qualified as a plan asset for funding purposes at the time of contribution and as a plan asset valued at $1.9 billion for accounting purposes in July 2011. This was a voluntary contribution above our funding requirements for the pension plans.

In October 2012 we contributed $650 million to the existing salaried pension plan in anticipation of the additional funding required for the purchase of the group annuity contract described below.

We continue to pursue various options to fund and derisk our pension plans, including continued changes to the pension asset portfolio mix to reduce funded status volatility.

Net Periodic Pension and OPEB (Income) Expense

The following tables summarize the components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) (income) expense (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
Service cost
$
164

 
$
104

 
$
5

 
$
5

 
$
158

 
$
129

 
$
5

 
$
8

Interest cost
1,031

 
277

 
59

 
15

 
1,229

 
308

 
66

 
54

Expected return on plan assets
(1,281
)
 
(218
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,673
)
 
(233
)
 
—

 
—

Amortization of prior service credit
—

 
—

 
(29
)
 
(4
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(10
)
 
(2
)
Recognized net actuarial loss
—

 
9

 
13

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
—

Curtailments, settlements and other losses
54

 
8

 
—

 
11

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
—

Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense
$
(32
)
 
$
180

 
$
48

 
$
29

 
$
(287
)
 
$
206

 
$
63

 
$
60



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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Pension Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Other Benefits
Service cost
$
485

 
$
302

 
$
17

 
$
13

 
$
473

 
$
321

 
$
18

 
$
25

Interest cost
3,191

 
830

 
176

 
47

 
3,686

 
922

 
201

 
159

Expected return on plan assets
(3,946
)
 
(653
)
 
—

 
—

 
(5,019
)
 
(700
)
 
—

 
—

Amortization of prior service credit
(1
)
 
—

 
(87
)
 
(9
)
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(10
)
 
(7
)
Recognized net actuarial loss
1

 
26

 
39

 
5

 
—

 
1

 
4

 
—

Curtailments, settlements and other (gains) losses
31

 
50

 
—

 
11

 
(23
)
 
(13
)
 
—

 
—

Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense
$
(239
)
 
$
555

 
$
145

 
$
67

 
$
(884
)
 
$
529

 
$
213

 
$
177


Significant Plan Amendments, Benefit Modifications and Related Events

U.S. Salaried Defined Benefit Pension Plan

In January 2012 we amended the salaried pension plan to cease the accrual of additional benefits effective September 30, 2012. This amendment resulted in a curtailment which decreased the pension liability and decreased the net pre-tax actuarial loss component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss by $309 million. Active plan participants will receive additional contributions in the defined contribution plan starting in October 2012.

In May 2012 we entered into an agreement in which the salaried pension plan will purchase a group annuity contract from an insurance company that requires the insurance company to pay and administer the future annuity payments to certain of our salaried retirees. Following the execution of the agreement 44,000 retired participants in the salaried pension plan were offered lump-sum distributions and approximately 30% of the offers were accepted by the plan participants resulting in lump-sum payments of $3.6 billion. Retired salaried employees that were not offered lump-sum distributions or those that declined the lump-sum offer will continue to receive annuity payments from the insurance company in accordance with the terms of the group annuity contract. Approximately 118,000 salaried retirees were affected by changes depending on retirement date and eligibility. Due to completion of the regulatory review and meeting all closing conditions, we expect to purchase the group annuity contract on November 1, 2012. We loaned $2.2 billion and contributed $650 million to the plan. Currently it is expected that the required funding for the existing salaried pension plan will be approximately $2.6 billion. Amounts loaned to the plan in excess of the funding requirements will be repaid to us. We expect to incur pre-tax charges against earnings of approximately $2.9 billion ($3.4 billion after tax) in the fourth quarter of 2012 which will be treated as special charges. The tax expense of $0.5 billion would result from the removal of income tax allocations between Accumulated other comprehensive loss and operations in prior years. The ongoing annual impact to earnings will be $0.2 billion unfavorable due to a decrease in pension income. Upon completion we expect to account for the transactions as a settlement of pension obligations of approximately $25.1 billion in the fourth quarter of 2012 and the plan will be terminated effective November 1, 2012.

With the lump-sum payments of $3.6 billion and the expected settlement of approximately $25.1 billion we will have reduced our pension obligation by approximately $28.7 billion.

In August 2012 the salaried pension plan was amended to divide the plan. A new legally separate defined benefit pension plan was created primarily for active and terminated vested participants. The existing salaried pension plan will now cover the majority of retirees currently receiving payments. The underlying benefits offered to the plans' participants were unchanged. The remeasurement on August 1, 2012 increased the pension liability and the net pre-tax actuarial loss component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss by $654 million, due primarily to a decrease in the discount rate from 4.21% to 3.37% on a weighted-average basis, partially offset by actual asset returns in excess of expected amounts.

In August 2012 lump-sum distributions were made from the existing salaried pension plan to retired plan participants who elected to receive a lump-sum payment instead of their annuity. These distributions resulted in a partial plan settlement necessitating a plan remeasurement for the existing salaried pension plan on August 31, 2012. The settlement resulted in a pre-tax loss of $54 million. The effect on our financial condition was insignificant.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


In August 2012 we provided a short-term, interest-free loan to the existing salaried pension plan of $2.0 billion which is recorded in Accounts and notes receivable. In October 2012 an additional loan with similar terms was made in the amount of $180 million. These loans will provide the plan with incremental liquidity to pay ongoing benefits and administrative costs without requiring the liquidation of assets that will be transferred at settlement of the annuity transaction. The entire principal amount of these loans is due within 90 days. The loan is unsecured and we have no recourse against the plan to demand prepayment.

Canadian Salaried Defined Benefit Plans

In June 2012 we amended the Canadian salaried pension plan to cease the accrual of additional benefits effective December 31, 2012 and provide active employees a lump-sum distribution option at retirement. The remeasurement, amendments and offsetting curtailment increased the pension liability by $84 million, and resulted in a net decrease in the pre-tax components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss composed of net actuarial loss of $58 million, net actuarial curtailment gain of $20 million and prior service cost of $46 million. Active plan participants will receive additional contributions in the defined contribution plan starting in January 2013.

We also amended the Canadian salaried retiree healthcare plan to eliminate post-65 healthcare benefits for employees retiring on or after July 1, 2014. In conjunction with this change we amended the plan to offer either a monthly monetary payment or an annual lump-sum cash payment to a defined contribution plan for health care in lieu of the benefit coverage provisions formerly provided under the healthcare plan. These amendments decreased the OPEB liability by $28 million and resulted in a net increase in the pre-tax components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss composed of prior service credit of $51 million and net actuarial loss of $23 million.

Other Remeasurements

In the three months ended March 31, 2012 certain pension plans in GME were remeasured as part of our Goodwill impairment testing, resulting in an increase of $150 million in the pension liability and a pre-tax increase in the net actuarial loss component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

In the three months ended September 30, 2011 a plan which provides legal services to U.S. hourly employees and retirees was remeasured as a result of our labor agreement provisions which terminate the plan effective December 31, 2013. The negotiated termination has been accounted for as a negative plan amendment resulting in a decrease in the OPEB liability and a pre-tax increase of $266 million in the prior service credit component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is being amortized through December 31, 2013.

In the three months ended March 31, 2011 certain pension plans in GME were remeasured as part of our Goodwill impairment testing, resulting in a decrease of $272 million in the pension liability and a pre-tax increase in the net actuarial gain component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Refer to Note 9 for additional information on our Goodwill impairment.

Note 16. Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Automotive

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting

In accordance with our risk management policy, we enter into a variety of foreign currency exchange rate and commodity derivative contracts to manage our exposure to fluctuations in certain foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. At September 30, 2012 our derivative instruments consisted primarily of forward contracts and options. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 no outstanding derivative contracts were designated in hedging relationships. We manage our counterparty credit risk by monitoring the credit ratings of our counterparties and by requiring them to post collateral in certain circumstances. Certain of our agreements with counterparties require that we provide cash collateral. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 no collateral was posted related to derivative instruments, and we did not have any agreements with counterparties to derivative instruments containing covenants requiring the maintenance of certain credit rating levels or credit risk ratios that would require the posting of collateral in the event that such covenants are violated.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


Fair Value of Derivatives

The following tables summarize fair value measurements of our derivative instruments measured on a recurring basis (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Notional
 
Current(a)
 
Non-Current(b)
 
Current(c)
 
Non-Current(d)
Foreign currency
$
6,834

 
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
14

 
$
—

Commodity
2,282

 
20

 
5

 
6

 
—

Embedded
1,229

 
7

 
23

 
—

 
1

Total
$
10,345

 
$
105

 
$
28

 
$
20

 
$
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2011
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Notional
 
Current(a)
 
Non-Current(b)
 
Current(c)
 
Non-Current(d)
Foreign currency
$
6,507

 
$
64

 
$
—

 
$
46

 
$
—

Commodity
2,566

 
9

 
—

 
10

 
5

Embedded
1,461

 
28

 
124

 
1

 
5

Total
$
10,534

 
$
101

 
$
124

 
$
57

 
$
10

__________
(a)
Recorded in Other current assets and deferred income taxes.
(b)
Recorded in Other assets and deferred income taxes.
(c)
Recorded in Accrued liabilities.
(d)
Recorded in Other liabilities and deferred income taxes.
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency
$
—

 
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
64

 
$
—

 
$
64

Commodity
—

 
14

 
11

 
25

 
—

 
9

 
—

 
9

Embedded
—

 
3

 
27

 
30

 
—

 
4

 
148

 
152

Total
$
—

 
$
95

 
$
38

 
$
133

 
$
—

 
$
77

 
$
148

 
$
225

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency
$
—

 
$
14

 
$
—

 
$
14

 
$
—

 
$
46

 
$
—

 
$
46

Commodity
—

 
6

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
5

 
10

 
15

Embedded
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
6

Total
$
—

 
$
21

 
$
—

 
$
21

 
$
—

 
$
57

 
$
10

 
$
67


We measure the fair value of our portfolio of foreign currency, commodity and embedded derivatives using industry accepted models. The significant Level 2 inputs used in the valuation of our derivatives include spot rates, forward rates, volatility and interest rates. These inputs are obtained from pricing services, broker quotes and other sources.

We entered into a power plant lease agreement which included the purchase of natural gas at a fixed price adjusted for movements in heavy fuel oil and coal indices as published by a German governmental agency. The natural gas agreement was determined to be a derivative for accounting purposes and is valued as a forward contract. This commodity derivative valuation uses Level 3 inputs. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our commodity derivative are coal and heavy fuel oil forward rates and supplier credit spreads. Significant increases (decreases) in the coal and heavy fuel oil index and supplier credit spread would result in significant decreases (increases) to the fair value measurement.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


We are party to a long-term supply agreement which provides for pricing to be partially denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the parties to the contract. This pricing feature was determined to be an embedded derivative which we have bifurcated for valuation and accounting purposes. This embedded derivative is valued using an industry accepted model which contains Level 3 inputs.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our embedded foreign currency derivative is the estimate of the Turkish central bank's Euro/Turkish Lira (TRY) forward exchange rate and monthly volume commitment and vehicle mix. Significant decreases (increases) to Euro/TRY forward exchange rate and monthly volume commitment and vehicle mix would result in significant decreases (increases) to the fair value measurement.

The valuations are performed, reviewed and approved by personnel with appropriate expertise in valuation methodologies. For certain derivatives we compare our own valuations with valuations prepared by independent outside parties.

The following table summarizes the significant quantitative unobservable inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurement of the derivatives at September 30, 2012:

 
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant Unobservable Input
 
Metric
Commodity
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Coal forward price per ton in Euro(a)
 
€100.21
 
 
 
 
Heavy fuel oil forward price per ton in Euro(a)
 
€590.84
 
 
 
 
Supplier nonperformance risk (average)
 
2.86%
Embedded
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Average Euro/TRY forward exchange rate(b)
 
€2.72
 
 
 
 
Volume commitment and vehicle mix in Euro(c)
 
€913 million
__________
(a)
Forward prices are estimated to be equivalents of the spot price as published by a governmental agency.
(b)
Calculated by adjusting market forward rates for the spread between current market and Turkish central bank spot prices.
(c)
Volume commitment is spread evenly on a monthly basis and vehicle mix is pursuant to management forecasts.


The following table summarizes the activity for our derivative investments measured using Level 3 inputs (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
Embedded
 
Commodity
 
Total
 
Embedded
 
Commodity
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
48

 
$
8

 
$
56

 
$
145

 
$
—

 
$
145

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
(17
)
 
4

 
(13
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Included in OCI
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7
)
 
—

 
(7
)
Settlements
(4
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Balance at end of period
$
27

 
$
11

 
$
38

 
$
138

 
$
—

 
$
138

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of total gains (losses) in the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at the reporting date
$
(16
)
 
$
4

 
$
(12
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
Embedded
 
Commodity
 
Total
 
Embedded
 
Commodity
 
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
148

 
$
(10
)
 
$
138

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Total realized/unrealized gains (losses)(a)

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings
(103
)
 
1

 
(102
)
 
140

 
—

 
140

Included in OCI
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
Settlements
(16
)
 
(3
)
 
(19
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Issuances
—

 
24

 
24

 
—

 
—

 
—

Balance at end of period
$
27

 
$
11

 
$
38

 
$
138

 
$
—

 
$
138

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of total gains (losses) in the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at the reporting date
$
(100
)
 
$
2

 
$
(98
)
 
$
140

 
$
—

 
$
140

________
(a)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net and foreign currency translation gains (losses) are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Gains (Losses) on Derivatives

The following table summarizes derivative gains (losses) recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Foreign currency
$
12

 
$
(77
)
 
$
20

 
$
(52
)
Commodity
5

 
(28
)
 
(21
)
 
(73
)
Embedded
(13
)
 
(3
)
 
(101
)
 
143

Warrants
—

 
—

 
—

 
4

Total gains (losses) recorded in earnings
$
4

 
$
(108
)
 
$
(102
)
 
$
22


Other Derivatives

In February 2011 we exercised warrants to purchase 4 million shares of a supplier's common stock at $2.76 per share and sold the shares and received proceeds of $48 million.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

GM Financial is exposed to market risks arising from adverse changes in interest rates due to floating interest rate exposure on its credit facilities and on certain securitization notes payable and manages this exposure with interest rate swaps and caps. GM Financial had interest rate swaps and caps in asset positions with notional amounts of $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. GM Financial had interest rate swaps and caps in liability positions with notional amounts of $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments was insignificant.

Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies

The following tables summarize information related to commitments and contingencies (dollars in millions):

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Liability
Recorded
 
Maximum
Liability(a)
 
Liability
Recorded
 
Maximum
Liability(a)
Guarantees(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating leases
$
—

 
$
9

 
$
—

 
$
26

Ally Financial commercial loans
$
4

 
$
9

 
$
—

 
$
24

Third party commercial loans and other obligations
$
75

 
$
302

 
$
7

 
$
210

Other product-related claims
$
53

 
$
1,123

 
$
53

 
$
838

__________
(a)
Calculated as future undiscounted payments.
(b)
Excludes residual support and risk sharing programs and vehicle repurchase obligations related to Ally Financial.
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Liability Recorded
 
Liability Recorded
Environmental liability(a)
$
167

 
$
169

Product liability
$
597

 
$
514

Other litigation-related liability and tax administrative matters(b)
$
1,256

 
$
1,196

__________
(a)
Includes $33 million and $34 million recorded in Accrued liabilities at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 and the remainder was recorded in Other liabilities and deferred income taxes.
(b)
Consists primarily of indirect tax-related litigation as well as various non-U.S. labor related matters.

Guarantees

We have provided guarantees related to the residual value of certain operating leases. These guarantees terminate in years ranging from 2016 to 2035. Certain leases contain renewal options.

We provide payment guarantees on commercial loans made by Ally Financial and outstanding with certain third parties, such as dealers or rental car companies. These guarantees either expire in 2018 or are ongoing. We determined the fair value ascribed to the guarantees at inception and subsequent to inception to be insignificant based on the credit worthiness of the third parties. Refer to Note 22 for additional information on guarantees that we provide to Ally Financial.

We have agreements with third parties that guarantee the fulfillment of certain suppliers' commitments and other obligations. These guarantees expire in 2012 through 2017 or are ongoing, or upon the occurrence of specific events.

In some instances, certain assets of the party whose debt or performance we have guaranteed may offset, to some degree, the cost of the guarantee. The offset of certain of our payables to guaranteed parties may also offset certain guarantees, if triggered. At September 30, 2012 any proceeds from collateral would be approximately $60 million.

In connection with certain divestitures of assets or operating businesses, we have entered into agreements indemnifying certain buyers and other parties with respect to environmental conditions and other closure costs pertaining to real property we owned. We periodically enter into agreements that incorporate indemnification provisions in the normal course of business. It is not possible to estimate our maximum exposure under these indemnifications or guarantees due to the conditional nature of these obligations. Immaterial amounts have been recorded for such obligations as the majority of them are not probable or estimable at this time, and the fair value of the guarantees at issuance was insignificant.

In addition to the guarantees and indemnifying agreements previously discussed, we indemnify dealers for certain product liability related claims as subsequently discussed.

With respect to other product-related claims involving products manufactured by certain joint ventures, we believe that costs incurred are adequately covered by recorded accruals. These guarantees terminate in years ranging from 2020 to 2026.

Environmental Liability


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

Automotive operations, like operations of other companies engaged in similar businesses, are subject to a wide range of environmental protection laws, including laws regulating air emissions, water discharges, waste management and environmental remediation. We are in various stages of investigation or remediation for sites where contamination has been alleged. We are involved in a number of actions to remediate hazardous wastes as required by federal and state laws. Such statutes require that responsible parties fund remediation actions regardless of fault, legality of original disposal or ownership of a disposal site.

The future effect of environmental matters, including potential liabilities, is often difficult to estimate. An environmental reserve is recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. This practice is followed whether the claims are asserted or unasserted. Recorded liabilities are not reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers or other parties. Liabilities have been recorded for the expected costs to be paid over the periods of remediation for the applicable sites, which typically range from five to 30 years.

For many sites, the remediation costs and other damages for which we ultimately may be responsible may vary because of uncertainties with respect to factors such as the connection to the site or to materials there, the involvement of other potentially responsible parties, the application of laws and other standards or regulations, site conditions and the nature and scope of investigations, studies and remediation to be undertaken (including the technologies to be required and the extent, duration and success of remediation).

The final outcome of environmental matters cannot be predicted with certainty at this time. Subsequent adjustments to initial estimates are recorded as necessary based upon additional information obtained. In future periods, new laws or regulations, advances in remediation technologies and additional information about the ultimate remediation methodology to be used could significantly change our estimates. It is possible that the resolution of one or more environmental matters could exceed the amounts accrued in an amount that could be material to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. At September 30, 2012 we estimate the remediation losses could range from $130 million to $280 million.

Product Liability

With respect to product liability claims involving our and Old GM's products, we believe that any judgment against us for actual damages will be adequately covered by our recorded accruals and, where applicable, excess liability insurance coverage. Although punitive damages are claimed in some of these lawsuits, and such claims are inherently unpredictable, accruals incorporate historic experience with these types of claims. Liabilities have been recorded for the expected cost of all known product liability claims plus an estimate of the expected cost for product liability claims that have already been incurred and are expected to be filed in the future for which we are self-insured. These amounts are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities and deferred income taxes.

We indemnify dealers for certain product liability related claims including products sold by Old GM. We monitor actual claims experience and make periodic adjustments to our estimates. Based on management's judgment concerning the projected number and value of both dealer indemnification obligations and product liability claims, we have applied actuarial methodologies and estimated the liability. We expect our product liability reserve to rise in future periods as new claims arise from incidents subsequent to July 9, 2009.

Other Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters

Various legal actions, governmental investigations, claims and proceedings are pending against us including matters arising out of alleged product defects; employment-related matters; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions, and fuel economy; product warranties; financial services; dealer, supplier and other contractual relationships; tax-related matters not recorded pursuant to ASC 740, "Income Taxes" (indirect tax-related matters) and environmental matters.

With regard to the litigation matters discussed in the previous paragraph, reserves have been established for matters in which we believe that losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated, the majority of which are associated with indirect tax-related matters as well as various non-U.S. labor-related matters. Indirect tax-related matters are being litigated globally pertaining to value added taxes, customs, duties, sales, property taxes and other non-income tax related tax exposures. The various non-U.S. labor-related matters include claims from current and former employees related to alleged unpaid wage, benefit, severance, and other compensation matters. Certain South American administrative proceedings are indirect tax-related and may require that we deposit funds in escrow. Escrow deposits may range from $462 million to $656 million. Some of the matters may involve compensatory, punitive, or other treble damage claims, environmental remediation programs, or sanctions, that if granted, could

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that could not be reasonably estimated at September 30, 2012. We believe that appropriate accruals have been established for such matters based on information currently available. Reserves for litigation losses are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities and deferred income taxes. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, however, and unfavorable resolutions could occur. Accordingly, it is possible that an adverse outcome from such proceedings could exceed the amounts accrued in an amount that could be material to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in any particular reporting period.

Commencing on or about September 29, 2010, current and former hourly employees of GM Korea filed six separate group actions in the Incheon District Court in Incheon, Korea. The cases allege that GM Korea failed to include certain allowances in its calculation of Ordinary Wages due under the Presidential Decree of the Korean Labor Standards Act. Although GM Korea intends to vigorously defend the claims asserted, at September 30, 2012 we have an accrual of 182 billion Korean Won (equivalent to $163 million) in connection with these cases. The current estimate of the value of plaintiffs' claims, if allowed in full, exceeds the accrual by 671 billion Korean Won (equivalent to $600 million) which represents the reasonably possible liability exposure. Both the scope of claims asserted and GM Korea's assessment of any or all of individual claim elements may change if new information becomes available.

On February 12, 2010 a claim was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against General Motors of Canada Limited (GMCL) on behalf of a purported class of over 200 former GMCL dealers (the Plaintiff Dealers) which had entered into wind-down agreements with GMCL. In May 2009, in the context of the global restructuring of the business and the possibility that GMCL might be required to initiate insolvency proceedings, GMCL offered the Plaintiff Dealers the wind-down agreements to assist with their exit from the GMCL dealer network and to facilitate winding down their operations in an orderly fashion by December 31, 2009 or such other date as GMCL approved but no later than on October 31, 2010. The Plaintiff Dealers allege that the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements were wrongly terminated by GMCL and that GMCL failed to comply with certain disclosure obligations, breached its statutory duty of fair dealing and unlawfully interfered with the Plaintiff Dealers' statutory right to associate in an attempt to coerce the Plaintiff Dealers into accepting the wind-down agreements. The Plaintiff Dealers seek damages and assert that the wind-down agreements are rescindable. The Plaintiff Dealers' initial pleading makes reference to a claim “not exceeding” CAD $750 million, without explanation of any specific measure of damages. On March 1, 2011 the court approved certification of a class for the purpose of deciding a number of specifically defined issues, including: (1) whether GMCL breached its obligation of "good faith" in offering the wind-down agreements; (2) whether GMCL interfered with the Plaintiff Dealers' rights of free association; (3) whether GMCL was obligated to provide a disclosure statement and/or disclose more specific information regarding its restructuring plans in connection with proffering the wind-down agreements; and (4) assuming liability, whether the Plaintiff Dealers can recover damages in the aggregate (as opposed to proving individual damages). On June 22, 2011 the court granted GMCL permission to appeal the class certification decision. On March 26, 2012 the Ontario Superior Court dismissed GMCL's appeal of the class certification order. Accordingly the case will proceed as a class action. Twenty-six dealers within the certified class definition have indicated that they will not participate. The current prospects for liability are uncertain, but because liability is not deemed probable, we have no accrual relating to this litigation. We cannot estimate the range of reasonably possible loss in the event of liability, as the case presents a variety of different legal theories, none of which GMCL believes are valid.

On April 6, 2010 the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agriculture Implement Workers of America (UAW) filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan claiming that we breached an obligation to contribute $450 million to the UAW Retiree Medical Benefits Trust (New VEBA). The UAW alleges that we were contractually required to make this contribution. The reasonably possible loss as defined by ASC 450 “Contingencies” is $450 million, which is the amount claimed, but we believe that the claim is without merit and we have no accrual relating to this litigation. We filed a motion in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (Bankruptcy Court) asserting that the UAW's claim is barred by the Bankruptcy Court approved 2009 UAW Retiree Settlement Agreement and by other orders issued by the Bankruptcy Court that preclude additional GM contributions to the New VEBA. We also maintain that Delphi Corporation's bankruptcy plan of reorganization did not fulfill the applicable conditions of the relevant agreement and therefore payment would not be due even in the absence of the 2009 UAW Retiree Settlement Agreement. On August 23, 2011, the Bankruptcy Court issued an opinion abstaining from hearing the case, which will accordingly be litigated in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

We are a participating party-in-interest in proceedings pending in the Bankruptcy Court to adjudicate claims in the Old GM bankruptcy arising from certain securities issued by General Motors Nova Scotia Finance Company (Nova Scotia Finance), an Old GM subsidiary which we did not acquire in 2009 (Nova Scotia Claims Litigation). Although the current proceedings involve no claims against us, they present issues which, depending upon their resolution, could result in future claims against GMCL.


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

In 2003, Nova Scotia Finance, a Nova Scotia unlimited liability company issued notes of 600 million British Pounds (GBP), which were guaranteed by Old GM (Guaranty) (collectively, the Notes). The proceeds of the Notes were converted to CAD and loaned by Nova Scotia Finance to GMCL by means of two intercompany loans totaling CAD $1.3 billion. As part of the bankruptcy proceeding, these intercompany loans were compromised for CAD $399 million pursuant to a transaction defined by a Lock-Up Agreement between GMCL, Nova Scotia Finance, Old GM and certain holders of the Notes (Noteholders). The Lock-Up Agreement defined a transaction by which the Noteholders consented to, among other things, the compromise of the intercompany loans in exchange for payment of CAD $399 million as a Consent Fee. The Consent Fee was originally financed by a loan from Old GM to GMCL immediately prior to the Old GM bankruptcy filing. That loan was subsequently repaid. Pursuant to the terms of the Lock-Up Agreement, the Consent Fee did not reduce the principal amount outstanding under the Notes or the Guaranty. We acquired Old GM's interest in the Lock-Up Agreement in 2009.

In the Nova Scotia Claims Litigation, the Noteholders seek an allowed claim in the Old GM bankruptcy based on the Guaranty. The trustee of Nova Scotia Finance seeks an allowed claim in the amount of the deficiency between Nova Scotia Finance's assets and liabilities, by reason of the fact that it is an unlimited liability company and Old GM was its sole shareholder. The claim asserted by the trustee includes sums allegedly owed by Nova Scotia Finance to us by reason of currency swaps entered into between Old GM and Nova Scotia Finance, which we contend we acquired from Old GM in 2009. Allowance of the claims is opposed by the GUC Trust, which asserts that the claims of the Trustee and Noteholders are duplicative, that they should be reduced by the amount of the Consent Fee, and/or that they should be equitably subordinated or equitably disallowed by reason of alleged inequitable conduct by the Noteholders. In support of this position, the GUC Trust has asserted that the Lock-Up Agreement is void because it was not approved by the Bankruptcy Court and was funded by Old GM, that we did not acquire MLC's interest in the Lock-Up Agreements and currency swaps, and that other aspects of the sale of assets to us on July 10, 2009 may be adjusted to permit disallowance or reduction of the claims of the Noteholders and Trustee. The trial has commenced but the timing of any decision is uncertain.

Although we believe the positions taken by the GUC Trust are without merit, it is reasonably possible that the Bankruptcy Court will issue rulings adverse to our interest in the Nova Scotia Claims Litigation. Such rulings could lead to subsequent claims which, although we believe would be without merit, could adversely impact GMCL's compromise of the intercompany loans. It is impossible to estimate the reasonably possible loss which would depend upon a variety of factors including the outcome of additional litigation. However, the compromise of the intercompany loans for CAD $399 million resulted in a savings to GMCL of CAD $935 million (equivalent to $951 million) which we believe represents a reasonable estimate of the approximate amount of the maximum reasonably possible loss.

GME Planned Spending Guarantee

As part of our Opel/Vauxhall restructuring plan agreed to with European labor representatives, we have committed to achieving specified milestones associated with planned spending from 2011 to 2014 on certain product programs. If we fail to accomplish the requirements set out under the agreement, we will be required to pay certain amounts up to Euro 265 million for each of those years, and/or interest on those amounts, to our employees. Certain inventory with a carrying amount of $188 million and $209 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was pledged as collateral under the agreement. Through September 30, 2012 spending was sufficient to meet the current requirements under the agreement and the specified milestones have been accomplished. Management has the intent and believes it has the ability to meet the future requirements under the agreement.

Contract Cancellations

The following table summarizes contract cancellation charges (adjustments) primarily related to the cancellation of product programs (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
GMNA
$
21

 
$
9

 
$
48

 
$
30

GME
(7
)
 
5

 
42

 
8

GMIO
—

 
37

 
5

 
43

GMSA
30

 
—

 
30

 
—

Total contract cancellations
$
44

 
$
51

 
$
125

 
$
81


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


Note 18. Income Taxes

For interim income tax reporting we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year to date ordinary income (loss). The tax effect of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur. Tax jurisdictions with a projected or year to date loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded.

In interim periods income tax expense is composed of two key elements: (1) the amount necessary to appropriately state the year to date estimated tax expense of entities included in our effective tax rate calculation, which is calculated as the difference between the amount currently estimated for the year to date period and the amount previously recorded in prior interim periods; and (2) the tax effect of unusual or infrequent items that occur in the period.

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 income tax expense of $357 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation. The recorded effective tax rate is lower than the applicable statutory tax rate due primarily to income earned in jurisdictions for which a full valuation allowance is recorded. In the three months ended September 30, 2011 the income tax expense of $107 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation partially offset by a tax benefit attributable to previously unrecognized tax benefits in various jurisdictions. This benefit includes reductions in interest expense associated with these previously unrecognized tax benefits.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 income tax expense of $814 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation. The recorded effective tax rate is lower than the applicable statutory tax rate due primarily to income earned in jurisdictions for which a full valuation allowance is recorded. In the nine months ended September 30, 2011 income tax expense of $183 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation partially offset by tax benefits attributable to previously unrecognized tax benefits in various jurisdictions. This benefit includes reductions in interest expense and valuation allowances associated with these previously unrecognized tax benefits.

After many years of significant North American operating losses, our U.S. and Canadian operations have experienced profitability in 2010, 2011 and through the first nine months of 2012. To the extent positive evidence trends continue and our final plans for 2013 and future longer-term forecasts show sustained profitability, our conclusion regarding the need for full valuation allowances could change leading to the reversal of a significant portion of our valuation allowances in the fourth quarter of 2012. This will result in a significant benefit to earnings. At September 30, 2012 deferred tax asset valuation allowances for the U.S. and Canada were $35.6 billion and $3.2 billion.

We file income tax returns in many jurisdictions and are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. We have open tax years from 2002 to 2011 with various significant tax jurisdictions. These open years contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations as they relate to the amount, character, timing or inclusion of revenue and expenses or the sustainability of income tax credits for a given audit cycle. In addition the global nature of our operations means that transfer pricing disputes may arise.

In March 2012 a Mexican income tax audit covering the 2004 tax year was concluded and an assessment, adjusted for inflation, of $135 million including tax, interest and penalties was issued. The total 2002, 2003 and 2004 assessments, adjusted for inflation, at September 30, 2012 including tax, interest and penalties is $309 million. We believe we have adequate reserves established. Payment of any assessment is suspended during the proceedings through U.S. and Mexican competent authorities.

In May 2012 a Brazilian income tax assessment was issued related to the 2007 tax year totaling $180 million including tax, interest and penalties. We believe we have adequate reserves established. Proceedings may require that we deposit escrow funds in the future.

At September 30, 2012 it is not possible to reasonably estimate the expected change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months.

Note 19. Restructuring and Other Initiatives

We have previously executed various restructuring and other initiatives, and we plan to execute additional initiatives in the

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

future, if necessary, in order to align manufacturing capacity and other costs with prevailing global automotive production and to improve the utilization of remaining facilities. Related charges are recorded in Automotive cost of sales and Automotive selling, general and administrative expense.

The following tables summarize the reserves related to restructuring and other initiatives (excluding restructuring reserves related to dealer wind-down agreements) and charges by segment, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges (dollars in millions):
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2012
$
884

 
$
687

 
$
1

 
$
12

 
$
1,584

Additions
97

 
9

 
4

 
2

 
112

Interest accretion and other
3

 
22

 
(1
)
 
—

 
24

Payments
(86
)
 
(192
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
(286
)
Revisions to estimates
(12
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
(14
)
Effect of foreign currency
8

 
16

 
—

 
—

 
24

Balance at March 31, 2012
894

 
540

 
4

 
6

 
1,444

Additions
13

 
38

 
27

 
73

 
151

Interest accretion and other
3

 
18

 
—

 
—

 
21

Payments
(123
)
 
(43
)
 
(5
)
 
(13
)
 
(184
)
Revisions to estimates
—

 
(7
)
 
—

 
—

 
(7
)
Effect of foreign currency
(8
)
 
(26
)
 
—

 
1

 
(33
)
Balance at June 30, 2012
779

 
520

 
26

 
67

 
1,392

Additions
6

 
39

 
4

 
14

 
63

Interest accretion and other
3

 
14

 
—

 
—

 
17

Payments
(42
)
 
(47
)
 
(15
)
 
(23
)
 
(127
)
Revisions to estimates
(63
)
 
(6
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
(70
)
Effect of foreign currency
15

 
8

 
1

 
—

 
24

Balance at September 30, 2012(a)
$
698

 
$
528

 
$
15

 
$
58

 
$
1,299



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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2011
$
1,135

 
$
664

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
1,802

Additions
26

 
33

 
—

 
1

 
60

Interest accretion and other
7

 
24

 
—

 
—

 
31

Payments
(129
)
 
(205
)
 
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(337
)
Revisions to estimates
7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

Effect of foreign currency
16

 
34

 
—

 
—

 
50

Balance at March 31, 2011
1,062

 
550

 
1

 
—

 
1,613

Additions
8

 
62

 
—

 
1

 
71

Interest accretion and other
6

 
16

 
—

 
—

 
22

Payments
(109
)
 
(76
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(186
)
Revisions to estimates
(8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
Effect of foreign currency
(1
)
 
11

 
—

 
—

 
10

Balance at June 30, 2011
958

 
563

 
1

 
—

 
1,522

Additions
19

 
81

 
—

 
1

 
101

Interest accretion and other
5

 
25

 
—

 
—

 
30

Payments
(66
)
 
(70
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(137
)
Revisions to estimates
71

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
71

Effect of foreign currency
(30
)
 
(29
)
 
—

 
—

 
(59
)
Balance at September 30, 2011(a)
$
957

 
$
570

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
1,528

__________
(a)
The remaining cash payments related to these reserves for restructuring and other initiatives, including temporary layoff benefits of $364 million and $398 million at September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011 for GMNA, primarily relate to postemployment benefits.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 GMNA recorded charges, interest accretion and other and revisions to estimates that decreased the reserves by $54 million and increased the reserves by $50 million. The $54 million decrease in the three months ended September 30, 2012 was primarily related to increased production capacity utilization in Canada, while the $50 million increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 also includes previous charges for cash severance incentive programs for skilled trade U.S. hourly employees.

Due to the expected closure of the Oshawa Consolidation Plant in June 2014, impacted employees will be eligible for a voluntary restructuring separation incentive program in accordance with the existing collective bargaining agreement that provides cash and a car voucher. This may range up to $70 million and will be included in our restructuring liability, net of existing liabilities, upon irrevocable acceptance by both parties.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GMNA recorded charges of $90 million in connection with our 2011 UAW labor agreement that included cash severance incentive programs which were completed at March 31, 2012 for skilled trade U.S. hourly employees. A total of 1,400 skilled trade U.S. hourly employees participated in these programs at a total cost of $99 million and was recorded upon irrevocable acceptances by both parties.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 GME recorded charges, interest accretion and other of $53 million and $140 million for previously announced separation and early retirement programs. Through September 30, 2012 the active separation program related to Germany had a total cost of $313 million and had affected a total of 1,900 employees. We expect to complete this program in 2013 and incur an additional $0.1 billion, which will affect an additional 350 employees. To the extent programs involve voluntary separations, no liabilities are recorded until offers to employees are accepted. If employees are involuntarily terminated, a liability is recorded at the communication date.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GMIO recorded charges of $23 million for employee separation costs related to a voluntary separation program in Korea which affected 154 employees. A liability under this program is recorded as offers to

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

employees are accepted.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GMSA recorded charges of $84 million for employee separation costs related to a separation program in Brazil.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 GMNA recorded charges, interest accretion and other and revisions to estimates that increased the reserves by $95 million and $141 million. These increases were primarily related to: (1) changes to UAW hourly layoff benefits primarily related to the current labor agreement; (2) Canadian restructuring activities; and (3) a special attrition program for skilled trade U.S. hourly employees.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 GME recorded charges and interest accretion and other of $106 million and $241 million for separation programs primarily related to previously announced programs in Germany.

Dealer Wind-downs

We market vehicles worldwide through a network of independent retail dealers and distributors. We determined that a reduction in the number of GMNA dealerships was necessary.

The following table summarizes GMNA's restructuring reserves related to dealer wind-down agreements (dollars in millions):
 
2012
 
2011
Balance at January 1
$
25

 
$
144

Revisions to estimates
—

 
(6
)
Payments
(3
)
 
(80
)
Balance at March 31
22

 
58

Revisions to estimates
(4
)
 
(1
)
Payments
(1
)
 
(24
)
Balance at June 30
17

 
33

Revisions to estimates
(1
)
 
(1
)
Payments
(2
)
 
(4
)
Balance at September 30
$
14

 
$
28


Note 20. Earnings Per Share

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 we were required to use the two-class method for calculating basic earnings per share and the more dilutive of the two-class or the if-converted method to calculate diluted earnings per share as the applicable market value of our common stock was below $33.00 per common share in the periods ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. Under the two-class method for computing earnings per share, undistributed earnings are allocated to common stock and the Series B Preferred Stock according to their respective participation rights in undistributed earnings, as if all the earnings for the period had been distributed. This allocation to the Series B Preferred Stock holders reduced Net income attributable to common stockholders, resulting in a lower basic and dilutive earnings per share amount. Variability may result in our calculation of earnings per share from period to period depending on whether the application of the two-class method is required.

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing Net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities that were outstanding.

The following tables summarize basic and dilutive earnings per share (in millions, except for per share amounts):

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Basic earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to stockholders(a)
$
1,833

 
$
2,107

 
$
4,994

 
$
8,465

Less: cumulative dividends on preferred stock and undistributed earnings allocated to Series B Preferred Stock participating security(b)
(357
)
 
(381
)
 
(1,027
)
 
(1,352
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
1,476

 
$
1,726

 
$
3,967

 
$
7,113

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic
1,570

 
1,562

 
1,570

 
1,524

Basic earnings per common share
$
0.94

 
$
1.10

 
$
2.53

 
$
4.67

Diluted earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to stockholders(a)
$
1,833

 
$
2,107

 
$
4,994

 
$
8,465

Less: cumulative dividends on preferred stock and undistributed earnings allocated to Series B Preferred Stock participating security(c)
(350
)
 
(371
)
 
(1,005
)
 
(1,295
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
1,483

 
$
1,736

 
$
3,989

 
$
7,170

Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic
1,570

 
1,562

 
1,570

 
1,524

Dilutive effect of warrants
88

 
119

 
101

 
142

Dilutive effect of restricted stock units (RSUs)
5

 
1

 
4

 
2

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted
1,663

 
1,682

 
1,675

 
1,668

Diluted earnings per common share
$
0.89

 
$
1.03

 
$
2.38

 
$
4.30

__________
(a)
Includes earned but undistributed dividends of $26 million on our Series A Preferred Stock and $20 million on our Series B Preferred Stock in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011.
(b)
Includes cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $215 million and earnings of $142 million that have been allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $215 million and earnings of $166 million that have been allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the three months ended September 30, 2011. Includes cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $644 million and earnings of $383 million that have been allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $644 million and earnings of $708 million allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the nine months ended September 30, 2011.
(c)
Includes cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $215 million and earnings of $135 million that have been allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $215 million and earnings of $156 million that have been allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the three months ended September 30, 2011. Includes cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $644 million and earnings of $361 million that have been allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and cumulative dividends on preferred stock of $644 million and earnings of $651 million that have been allocated to the Series B Preferred Stock holders in the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

The application of the two-class method resulted in an allocation of undistributed earnings to our Series B Preferred Stock holders and, accordingly, 152 million common stock equivalents from the assumed conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock are not considered outstanding for purposes of determining the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

In 2011 MLC distributed all of its 272 million warrants for our common stock to its unsecured creditors and the GUC Trust. The warrant holders may exercise the warrants at any time prior to their respective expiration dates. Upon exercise of the warrants the shares issued will be included in the number of basic shares outstanding used in the computation of earnings per share.

Warrants to purchase 313 million shares of our common stock were outstanding at September 30, 2012, of which 46 million shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the warrants' exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares. Under the treasury stock method, the assumed exercise of the remaining warrants resulted in 88 million and 101 million dilutive shares in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


Diluted earnings per share included the effect of 16 million unvested RSUs granted to certain global executives.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011

The application of the two-class method resulted in an allocation of undistributed earnings to our Series B Preferred Stock holders and, accordingly, 152 million common stock equivalents from the assumed conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock are not considered outstanding for purposes of determining the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

Warrants to purchase 313 million shares of our common stock were outstanding, of which 46 million shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the warrants' exercise price was greater than the average market price of our common stock. Under the treasury stock method, the assumed exercise of warrants to purchase the remaining warrants resulted in 119 million and 142 million dilutive shares in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.

Diluted earnings per share included the effect of 14 million unvested RSUs granted to certain global executives.

In July 2011 the 61 million shares of common stock contributed to our pension plans in January 2011 met the criteria to qualify as plan assets for accounting purposes. These shares were considered outstanding for earnings per share purposes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.

Note 21. Stock Incentive Plans

Long-Term Incentive Plan

We granted 7 million and 5 million RSUs valued at the grant date fair value of our common stock in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. These awards granted either cliff vest or ratably vest generally over a three-year service period, as defined in the terms of each award. We have elected to record compensation cost for these awards on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period. Our policy is to issue new shares upon settlement of RSUs.

The 2012 awards granted to the Top 25 highest compensated employees will settle on the second and third anniversary dates of grant in 25% increments in conjunction with each 25% of our Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) obligations that are repaid. The awards for the Next 75 and non-Top 100 highest compensated employees will vest and settle on the second and third anniversary dates of grant. Vesting and subsequent settlement will generally occur based upon employment at the end of each specified service period.

The 2011 awards granted to the Top 25 highest compensated employees will settle three years from the grant date in 25% increments in conjunction with each 25% of our TARP obligations that are repaid. The awards for the Next 75 highest compensated employees will settle either: (1) three years from the date of grant; or (2) on the first and third anniversary dates of grant. The awards to the non-Top 100 highest compensated employees will settle on the first, second and third anniversary dates of grant. Vesting and subsequent settlement will generally occur based upon employment at the end of each specified service period.

Salary Stock

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 a portion of each participant's salary accrued on each salary payment date converted to RSUs on a quarterly basis. The awards are fully vested and nonforfeitable upon grant, therefore compensation cost is fully recognized on the date of grant. In March 2012 we amended the plan to provide for cash settlement of awards. As a result we will now settle these awards in cash and we reclassified $97 million from Capital surplus to Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities and deferred income taxes. The liability for these awards is remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period. Prior to this amendment it was our policy to issue new shares upon settlement of these awards.

RSUs

The following table summarizes information about the RSUs under our stock incentive plans (RSUs in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
RSUs outstanding at January 1, 2012
22.5

 
$
23.01

 
1.1
Granted
8.6

 
$
24.94

 
 
Settled
(2.4
)
 
$
29.93

 
 
Forfeited or expired
(1.1
)
 
$
24.62

 
 
RSUs outstanding at September 30, 2012
27.6

 
$
22.93

 
0.9
RSUs unvested and expected to vest at September 30, 2012
17.3

 
$
23.55

 
1.3
RSUs vested and payable at September 30, 2012
9.9

 
$
21.71

 
—

The following table summarizes compensation expense recorded for our stock incentive plans (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Compensation expense
$
79

 
$
50

 
$
206

 
$
163


The compensation cost of each RSU that will be settled in equity is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant or, for those RSUs reclassified from liability to equity-based awards, the fair value of our common stock as of the date of the public offering.

At September 30, 2012 the total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards was $245 million. This expense is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years.

The total fair value of RSUs that vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $108 million and $75 million.

Note 22. Ally Financial

Transactions with Ally Financial

The following tables summarize the financial statement effects of and maximum obligations under agreements with Ally Financial (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Residual support(a)
 
 
 
Receivables (liabilities) recorded
$
(82
)
 
$
6

Maximum obligation
$
87

 
$
40

Risk sharing(a)
 
 
 
Liabilities recorded
$
2

 
$
66

Maximum obligation
$
4

 
$
88

Vehicle repurchase obligations(b)
 
 
 
Maximum obligations
$
20,771

 
$
19,779

Fair value of guarantee
$
16

 
$
17

__________
(a)
Represents receivables and liabilities recorded and maximum obligations for agreements entered into prior to December 31, 2008. Agreements entered into after December 31, 2008 have not included residual support or risk sharing programs. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 favorable adjustments to our residual support and risk sharing liabilities of $77 million and $443 million were recorded in the U.S. due to increases in estimated and actual residual values at contract termination.
(b)
The maximum potential amount of future payments required to be made to Ally Financial under this guarantee is based on the repurchase

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

value of total eligible vehicles financed by Ally Financial in dealer stock. If vehicles are required to be repurchased under this arrangement, the total exposure would be reduced to the extent vehicles are able to be resold.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
U.S. marketing incentives and lease residual payments
$
509

 
$
192

 
$
1,320

 
$
1,162

Exclusivity fee income
$
16

 
$
25

 
$
54

 
$
71


Balance Sheet

The following table summarizes the balance sheet effects of transactions with Ally Financial (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Assets
 
 
 
Accounts and notes receivable, net(a)
$
259

 
$
243

Liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable(b)
$
29

 
$
59

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt(c)
$
933

 
$
1,068

Accrued liabilities and other liabilities(d)
$
766

 
$
650

Long-term debt(e)
$
4

 
$
8

Other non-current liabilities(f)
$
23

 
$
35

__________
(a)
Represents wholesale settlements due from Ally Financial and receivables for exclusivity fees and royalties.
(b)
Represents amounts billed to us and payable related to incentive programs.
(c)
Represents wholesale financing, sales of receivable transactions and the short-term portion of term loans provided to certain dealerships which we own or in which we have an equity interest.
(d)
Represents accruals for marketing incentives on vehicles which are sold, or anticipated to be sold, to customers or dealers and financed by Ally Financial in North America. This includes the estimated amount of residual and rate support accrued, capitalized cost reduction incentives and amounts owed under lease pull-ahead programs.
(e)
Represents the long-term portion of term loans from Ally Financial to certain consolidated dealerships.
(f)
Represents the long-term portion of liabilities for marketing incentives on vehicles financed by Ally Financial.

Statement of Operations

The following table summarizes the income statement effects of transactions with Ally Financial (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Total net sales and revenue (decrease)(a)
$
(530
)
 
$
(335
)
 
$
(1,815
)
 
$
(952
)
Automotive cost of sales and other automotive expenses(b)
$
4

 
$
4

 
$
11

 
$
12

Interest income and other non-operating income, net(c)
$
30

 
$
30

 
$
72

 
$
115

Automotive interest expense(d)
$
15

 
$
16

 
$
23

 
$
53

__________
(a)
Represents marketing incentives on vehicles which were sold, or anticipated to be sold, to customers or dealers and financed by Ally Financial. This includes the estimated amount of residual and rate support accrued, capitalized cost reduction incentives and costs under lease pull-ahead programs. This amount is offset by net sales for vehicles sold to Ally Financial for employee and governmental lease programs and third party resale purposes.
(b)
Represents cost of sales on the sale of vehicles to Ally Financial for employee and governmental lease programs and third party resale purposes.
(c)
Represents income on investments in Ally Financial preferred stock (through March 31, 2011) and exclusivity and royalty fee income. Included in this amount is rental income related to Ally Financial's primary executive and administrative offices located in the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan. The lease agreement expires in November 2016.
(d)
Represents interest incurred on notes payable and wholesale settlements. In January 2012 we received $21 million from Ally Financial as

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

part of a settlement of previously overcharged interest.

Fair Value of Ally Financial Common Stock

At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 we held a 9.9% common equity ownership in Ally Financial. Our entire equity ownership is held indirectly through an independent trust which has the sole authority to vote the shares and is required to dispose of all Ally Financial common stock by December 24, 2013.

We estimated the fair value of Ally Financial common stock using a market approach that applies the average price to tangible book value multiples of comparable companies to the consolidated Ally Financial tangible book value. The significant inputs used in our fair value analyses included Ally Financial's September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 financial statements, financial statements and price to tangible book value multiples of comparable companies in the banking and finance industry, and the effects of certain Ally Financial shareholder rights. The measurement of Ally Financial common stock is a Level 3 fair value measurement.

At December 31, 2011 we determined the carrying amount of our investment in Ally Financial common stock exceeded our estimate of its fair value. Our estimate of fair value resulted from broader macroeconomic uncertainties and volatility in the financial markets including the eurozone debt crisis, continued heightened risk of recession and concerns about Ally Financial's mortgage related operations. Our estimate considered the potential effect of contractual provisions held by the United States Department of the Treasury who may receive incremental ownership interest in Ally Financial depending upon Ally Financial's equity value at the time of a successful public offering or private sale. These contractual provisions could result in significant dilution of our ownership interest. Based on an evaluation of the duration and severity of this decline in fair value, we concluded the impairment was other-than-temporary. As a result we recorded an impairment charge of $555 million in Interest income and other non-operating income, net to reduce our investment to its estimated fair value of $403 million.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and estimated fair value of Ally Financial common stock (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Carrying amount
$
404

 
$
403

Fair value
$
930

 
$
403


Ally Financial Preferred Stock

In March 2011 our investment in Ally Financial preferred stock was sold through a public offering for net proceeds of $1.0 billion. The gain of $339 million related to the sale was recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.

Note 23. Segment Reporting

We analyze the results of our business through our five segments: GMNA, GME, GMIO, GMSA and GM Financial. Each segment has a manager responsible for executing our strategies. Our automotive manufacturing operations are integrated within the segments, benefit from broad-based trade agreements and are subject to regulatory requirements, such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy regulations. While not all vehicles within a segment are individually profitable on a fully loaded cost basis, those vehicles are needed in our product mix in order to attract customers to dealer showrooms and to maintain sales volumes for other, more profitable vehicles. Because of these factors, we do not manage our business on an individual brand or vehicle basis. The chief operating decision maker evaluates the operating results and performance of our automotive segments through Income (loss) before interest and income taxes, as adjusted for additional amounts, which are presented net of noncontrolling interests, and evaluates GM Financial through income before income taxes.

Substantially all of the cars, trucks and parts produced are marketed through retail dealers in North America, and through distributors and dealers outside of North America, the substantial majority of which are independently owned.

In addition to the products sold to dealers for consumer retail sales, cars and trucks are also sold to fleet customers, including daily rental car companies, commercial fleet customers, leasing companies and governments. Sales to fleet customers are completed through the network of dealers and in some cases sold directly to fleet customers. Retail and fleet customers can obtain a wide range of aftersale vehicle services and products through the dealer network, such as maintenance, light repairs, collision repairs, vehicle accessories and extended service warranties.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


GMNA primarily meets the demands of customers in North America with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the following four brands:
•     Buick
•      Cadillac
•      Chevrolet
•      GMC

The demands of customers outside of North America are primarily met with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the following brands:
•     Buick
•     Chevrolet
•      Holden
•      Vauxhall
•     Cadillac
•      GMC
•      Opel
 

At September 30, 2012 we also had equity ownership stakes directly or indirectly in entities through various regional subsidiaries, including GM Korea, SGM, SGMW, FAW-GM and HKJV. These companies design, manufacture and market vehicles under the following brands:
•     Alpheon
•     Buick
•     Chevrolet
•      Wuling
•     Baojun
•     Cadillac
•      Jiefang
 

Nonsegment operations are classified as Corporate. Corporate includes investments in Ally Financial, certain centrally recorded income and costs, such as interest, income taxes and corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment specific revenues and expenses.

In 2012 we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt within Corporate for segment reporting purposes. Previously gains and losses on extinguishment of debt were recorded within the applicable automotive segments. This change is consistent with how management currently views the results of our operations.

All intersegment balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment (dollars in millions):

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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
At and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
22,347

 
$
4,702

 
$
5,722

 
$
4,275

 
$
16

 
$
—

 
$
37,062

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
37,062

GM Financial revenue
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
514

 
—

 
514

Intersegment
997

 
361

 
1,023

 
66

 
—

 
(2,447
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total net sales and revenue
$
23,344

 
$
5,063

 
$
6,745

 
$
4,341

 
$
16

 
$
(2,447
)
 
$
37,062

 
$
514

 
$
—

 
$
37,576

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before automotive interest and income taxes-adjusted
$
1,822

 
$
(478
)
 
$
689

 
$
114

 
$
(50
)
 
$
—

 
$
2,097

 
$
200

 
$
(1
)
 
$
2,296

Adjustments(a)
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(62
)
 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
(62
)
 
—

 
$
—

 
(62
)
Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
84

 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
84

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
128

 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
128

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(94
)
 
 
 
 
 
200

 
 
 
2,190

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
286

 
 
 
 
 
71

 
 
 
357

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(380
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
129

 
 
 
$
1,833

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates
$
67

 
$
50

 
$
7,399

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
7,519

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
7,519

Total assets
$
81,642

 
$
14,951

 
$
24,929

 
$
11,776

 
$
22,904

 
$
(16,429
)
 
$
139,773

 
$
16,332

 
$
(649
)
 
$
155,456

Depreciation, amortization and impairment of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets
$
941

 
$
253

 
$
163

 
$
117

 
$
11

 
$
—

 
$
1,485

 
$
59

 
$
(3
)
 
$
1,541

Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
414

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
418

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
418

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant non-cash charges not classified as adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment charges related to long-lived assets
$
4

 
$
—

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
7

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
7

Impairment charges related to equipment on operating leases
4

 
23

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
27

Total significant non-cash charges
$
8

 
$
23

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
34

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
34

__________
(a)
Consists of Goodwill impairment charges of $62 million in GMIO, which is presented net of noncontrolling interests.


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
67,075

 
$
15,489

 
$
16,653

 
$
12,259

 
$
41

 
$
—

 
$
111,517

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
111,517

GM Financial revenue
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,432

 
—

 
1,432

Intersegment
3,345

 
981

 
3,097

 
200

 
—

 
(7,624
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
1

 
—

Total net sales and revenue
$
70,420

 
$
16,470

 
$
19,750

 
$
12,459

 
$
41

 
$
(7,624
)
 
$
111,516

 
$
1,432

 
$
1

 
$
112,949

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before automotive interest and income taxes-adjusted
$
5,478

 
$
(1,095
)
 
$
1,775

 
$
178

 
$
(305
)
 
$
(31
)
 
$
6,000

 
$
598

 
$
(1
)
 
$
6,597

Adjustments(a)
$
—

 
$
(590
)
 
$
(84
)
 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
(674
)
 
—

 
$
—

 
(674
)
Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
259

 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
259

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
356

 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
356

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
18

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(420
)
 
 
 
 
 
598

 
 
 
5,808

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
560

 
 
 
 
 
254

 
 
 
814

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(980
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
344

 
 
 
$
4,994

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for property
$
3,497

 
$
813

 
$
883

 
$
765

 
$
39

 
$
(4
)
 
$
5,993

 
$
11

 
$
—

 
$
6,004

Depreciation, amortization and impairment of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets
$
2,723

 
$
828

 
$
441

 
$
352

 
$
37

 
$
(1
)
 
$
4,380

 
$
156

 
$
(7
)
 
$
4,529

Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
$
7

 
$
—

 
$
1,133

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,141

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant non-cash charges not classified as adjustments in (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment charges related to long-lived assets
$
49

 
$
—

 
$
11

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
61

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
61

Impairment charges related to equipment on operating leases
38

 
119

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
157

 
—

 
—

 
157

Total significant non-cash charges
$
87

 
$
119

 
$
11

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
218

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
218

__________
(a)
Consists of Goodwill impairment charges of $590 million in GME and $84 million in GMIO, which is presented net of noncontrolling interests.


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
21,002

 
$
5,813

 
$
5,140

 
$
4,353

 
$
20

 
$
—

 
$
36,328

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
36,328

GM Financial revenue
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
391

 
—

 
391

Intersegment(a)
882

 
338

 
976

 
65

 
—

 
(2,261
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total net sales and revenue
$
21,884

 
$
6,151

 
$
6,116

 
$
4,418

 
$
20

 
$
(2,261
)
 
$
36,328

 
$
391

 
$
—

 
$
36,719

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before automotive interest and income taxes-adjusted
$
2,195

 
$
(292
)
 
$
365

 
$
(44
)
 
$
(183
)
 
$
(16
)
 
$
2,025

 
$
178

 
$
—

 
$
2,203

Adjustments
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

 
—

Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
112

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(172
)
 
 
 
 
 
178

 
 
 
2,214

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37

 
 
 
 
 
70

 
 
 
107

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(209
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
108

 
 
 
$
2,107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation, amortization and impairment of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets
$
882

 
$
329

 
$
115

 
$
110

 
$
11

 
$
—

 
$
1,447

 
$
24

 
$
—

 
$
1,471

Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
376

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
377

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
377

Significant non-cash charges not classified as adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment charges related to long-lived assets
$
16

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
18

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
18

Impairment charges related to equipment on operating leases
1

 
12

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
13

Total significant non-cash charges
$
17

 
$
12

 
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
31

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
31

__________
(a)
Presentation of intersegment sales has been adjusted to conform to the current presentation.



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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
64,382

 
$
19,203

 
$
15,137

 
$
12,498

 
$
50

 
$
—

 
$
111,270

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
111,270

GM Financial revenue
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,016

 
—

 
1,016

Intersegment(a)
2,740

 
1,277

 
2,589

 
179

 
—

 
(6,785
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total net sales and revenue
$
67,122

 
$
20,480

 
$
17,726

 
$
12,677

 
$
50

 
$
(6,785
)
 
$
111,270

 
$
1,016

 
$
—

 
$
112,286

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before automotive interest and income taxes-adjusted
$
5,697

 
$
(185
)
 
$
1,524

 
$
103

 
$
(341
)
 
$
(43
)
 
$
6,755

 
$
452

 
$
—

 
$
7,207

Adjustments(b)
$
1,645

 
$
(395
)
 
$
(106
)
 
$
—

 
339

 
$
—

 
$
1,483

 
—

 
$
—

 
1,483

Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
363

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
363

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
405

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
405

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(44
)
 
 
 
 
 
452

 
 
 
8,648

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
59

 
 
 
 
 
124

 
 
 
183

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(103
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
328

 
 
 
$
8,465

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for property
$
2,209

 
$
676

 
$
649

 
$
518

 
$
22

 
$
(9
)
 
$
4,065

 
$
6

 
$
—

 
$
4,071

Depreciation, amortization and impairment of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets
$
2,849

 
$
1,043

 
$
354

 
$
341

 
$
37

 
$
—

 
$
4,624

 
$
57

 
$
—

 
$
4,681

Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
$
1,733

 
$
—

 
$
1,170

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,903

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,903

Significant non-cash charges not classified as adjustments in (b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment charges related to long-lived assets
$
56

 
$
—

 
$
3

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
62

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
62

Impairment charges related to equipment on operating leases
61

 
65

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
126

 
—

 
—

 
126

Total significant non-cash charges
$
117

 
$
65

 
$
3

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
188

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
188

__________
(a)
Presentation of intersegment sales has been adjusted to conform to the current presentation.
(b)
Consists of the gain on sale of our New Delphi Class A Membership Interests of $1.6 billion in GMNA, Goodwill impairment charges of $395 million in GME, charges related to HKJV of $106 million in GMIO and a gain on the sale of Ally Financial preferred stock of $339 million in Corporate.



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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General Motors Company is sometimes referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as “we,” “our,” “us,” “ourselves,” the “Company,” “General Motors” or “GM.”

Presentation and Estimates

Basis of Presentation

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2011 Form 10-K), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

We analyze the results of our business through our five segments: GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM International Operations (GMIO), GM South America (GMSA) and General Motors Financial Company, Inc. (GM Financial). Nonsegment operations are classified as Corporate. Corporate includes investments in Ally Financial, Inc. (Ally Financial), certain centrally recorded income and costs, such as interest, income taxes and corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment specific revenues and expenses.

Consistent with industry practice, market share information includes estimates of industry sales in certain countries where public reporting is not legally required or otherwise available on a consistent basis.

Supplemental Consolidating Information

We are providing supplemental consolidating information in order to provide more transparency into the financial position, operating results and cash flows of our two businesses, Automotive and GM Financial.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements

The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities at the reporting date and the amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods.

Change in Presentation of Financial Statements

In 2012 we changed the presentation of our condensed consolidated balance sheet, condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and certain notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements to classify the assets and liabilities of GM Financial as current or non-current and to combine line items which were either of a related nature or not individually material. We have made corresponding reclassifications to the comparable information for all periods presented.

Overview

Automotive

Our vision is to design, build and sell the world's best vehicles. We offer a global vehicle portfolio of cars, crossovers and trucks. We are committed to leadership in vehicle design, quality, reliability, telematics and infotainment and safety, as well as to developing key energy efficiency and diversity and advanced propulsion technologies, including electric vehicles. Our business is diversified across products and geographic markets. We meet the local sales and service needs of our retail and fleet customers with a global network of independent dealers. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012, 71.7% of our vehicle sales volume was generated outside the U.S.

Our automotive business is organized into four geographically-based segments:

•
GMNA, with sales, manufacturing and distribution operations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico and sales and distribution

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operations in Central America and the Caribbean, represented 32.8% of our vehicle sales volume in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and we had the largest market share in this market at 17.0%.
•
GME has sales, manufacturing and distribution operations across Western and Central Europe. GME's vehicle sales volume, which in addition to Western and Central Europe, includes Eastern Europe (including Russia and the other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States among others) represented 17.8% of our vehicle sales volume in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 we estimate we had the number four market share in this market at 8.5%. GMIO distributes Chevrolet brand vehicles which, when sold in Europe, are included in GME vehicle sales volume and market share data.
•
GMIO has sales, manufacturing and distribution operations in Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe (including Russia and the other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States among others), Africa and the Middle East. GMIO is our largest segment by vehicle sales volume. GMIO represented 38.1% of our global vehicle sales volume, including sales through our joint ventures, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 we estimate we had the number two market share in this market at 9.3% and the number one market share in China. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GMIO derived 78.6% of its vehicle sales volume from China. GMIO records the financial results of Chevrolet brand vehicles that it distributes and sells in Europe.
•
GMSA, with sales, manufacturing, distribution and financing operations in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela as well as sales and distribution operations in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay, represented 11.3% of our vehicle sales volume in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 we estimate we had the number two market share in this market at 18.1%. We had the number three market share in Brazil. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GMSA derived 60.2% of its vehicle sales volume from Brazil.

Based on our current outlook we expect our fourth quarter earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)-adjusted to follow typical seasonal trends and be similar to or slightly better than 2011.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

GM Financial specializes in purchasing retail automobile installment sales contracts originated by GM and non-GM franchised and select independent dealers in connection with the sale of used and new automobiles. GM Financial also offers lease products through GM dealerships in connection with the sale of used and new automobiles that target customers with sub-prime and prime credit bureau scores. GM Financial primarily generates revenue and cash flows through the purchase, retention, subsequent securitization and servicing of finance receivables. To fund the acquisition of receivables prior to securitization, GM Financial uses available cash and borrowings under its credit facilities. GM Financial earns finance charge income on finance receivables and pays interest expense on borrowings under its credit facilities. GM Financial periodically transfers receivables to securitization trusts that issue asset-backed securities to investors. The securitization trusts are special purpose entities that are also variable interest entities that meet the requirements to be consolidated in the financial statements.

In April 2012 GM Financial commenced commercial lending activities in the U.S. centered on floor plan financing of dealer vehicle inventory and dealer loans to finance dealer sites, facilities, facility improvements and working capital. These loans are made on a secured basis. We believe the availability of financing for our dealers is important to our business.

Focus on Chinese Market

We view the Chinese market, the fastest growing global market by volume of vehicles sold, as important to our global growth strategy and are employing a multi-brand strategy, led by our Buick and Chevrolet brands. In the coming years, we plan to increasingly leverage our global architectures to increase the number of nameplates under the Buick, Chevrolet and Cadillac brands in China and continue to grow our business under the Baojun, Jiefang and Wuling brands. We operate in Chinese markets through a number of joint ventures and maintaining good relations with our joint ventures partners, which are affiliated with the Chinese government, is an important part of our China growth strategy.

Refer to Note 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for our direct ownership interests in our Chinese joint ventures, collectively referred to as China JVs.

The following tables summarize certain key operational and financial data for the China JVs (dollars in millions, vehicles in thousands):

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Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Total wholesale vehicles(a)
692

 
627

 
2,144

 
1,910

Market share(b)
14.4
%
 
14.1
%
 
14.5
%
 
13.7
%
Total net sales and revenue
$
7,945

 
$
7,730

 
$
24,215

 
$
22,918

Net income
$
769

 
$
813

 
$
2,363

 
$
2,567

__________
(a)
Including vehicles exported to markets outside of China.
(b)
Market share for China market.
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Cash and cash equivalents
$
4,815

 
$
4,679

Debt
$
99

 
$
106


Automotive Financing Strategy

Our automotive financing strategy centers around ensuring that our dealers and customers have consistently available, transparent and competitive financing options throughout the business and credit cycles.

Historically Ally Financial has provided a majority of the financing for our dealers and a significant portion of the financing for our customers in the U.S., Canada and other major international markets where we operate. Ally Financial continues to provide the majority of the financing needs of our dealers and customers.

We utilize GM Financial to further bolster our offerings in the leasing and sub-prime financing segments in the U.S. and Canada. We believe that by having our own capabilities in key segments of the market we will be able to achieve more competition, which we believe will improve pricing to our dealers and retail customers, and better service from the market, while ensuring certainty of financing availability through the business cycles.

In April 2011 GM Financial began originating leases for our customers in Canada via FinanciaLinx Corporation. Given the importance of leasing and the current lack of availability of leasing offerings to our customers in the Canadian market (due to regulatory restrictions preventing banks and bank holding companies from offering leasing in Canada), we believe having a captive financing offering in Canada is important to our business. In August 2012 GM Financial began offering consumer sub-prime financing in Canada.

GM Financial submitted a bid to acquire certain international operations of Ally Financial during the three months ended September 30, 2012. There is no assurance that GM Financial will be successful in acquiring any of Ally Financial's international operations. However, if GM Financial is successful in completing a transaction it will expand its operations materially in international markets. Such expansion could have significant impacts on its business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. If GM Financial is the successful bidder, its consolidated assets could potentially more than double, and it could incur substantial amounts of indebtedness, including secured debt. Depending on the scale of operations GM Financial may acquire and the amount of equity that it invests in such a transaction or transactions, its consolidated debt and other liabilities could also potentially more than double.

In April 2012 GM Financial commenced commercial lending activities in the U.S. centered on floor plan financing of dealer vehicle inventory and dealer loans to finance dealer sites, facilities, facility improvements and working capital. These loans are made on a secured basis. We believe the availability of financing for our dealers is important to our business.

In 2012 in order to increase our competitiveness and benefit from increased financing sources, we entered into arrangements with banks to provide incentivized retail financing to our customers in the U.S. and Canada, our Vauxhall customers in the U.K. and our Holden customers in Australia.

We will continue to expand the business of GM Financial in targeted areas that we view as strategic and to otherwise evaluate opportunities in specific segments of the automotive financing market, both in the U.S. and internationally. We expect any expansion of GM Financial or any arrangements with other financing providers will complement our important relationship with Ally Financial.

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European Outlook

In the first three quarters of 2012 the European automotive industry has been severely affected by the ongoing sovereign debt crisis, high unemployment and a lack of consumer confidence coupled with overcapacity. European automotive industry sales to retail and fleet customers were 14.5 million vehicles in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, representing a 4.7% decrease compared to the corresponding period in 2011. In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GME's market share declined to 8.5% from 8.7% in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the region suffered EBIT (loss)-adjusted of $1.1 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 compared to EBIT (loss)-adjusted of $0.2 billion in the corresponding period in 2011.

In response, we are executing various actions to strengthen our European operations and increase our competitiveness. The key areas of the plan include: (1) investments in our product portfolio; (2) a revised brand strategy; (3) significant management changes; and (4) reducing material, development and production costs and further leveraging synergies from the alliance between us and Peugeot S.A. (PSA), as subsequently discussed.

Notwithstanding the above we believe it is likely that adverse economic conditions, and their effect on the European automotive industry, will not improve significantly during the remainder of 2012 and we expect to continue to incur losses in the region as a result. Such losses in 2012 could be further impacted depending on the level of restructuring activity taken in the fourth quarter. In addition the success of our plan will depend on a combination of our ability to execute the actions contemplated, as well as external factors which are outside of our control. Despite the adverse economic developments affecting the European automotive industry, we currently believe our long-lived assets are recoverable. We are targeting GME to be in a break-even EBIT-adjusted position by the middle of the decade.

Should there be a further deterioration in the outlook and our ability to generate cash in the region we may be required to test certain long-lived assets for recoverability. If the result of such analysis indicates that the assets are not recoverable and the carrying amount of such assets exceeds their estimated fair value, the resulting non-cash impairment charge may have a material effect on our results of operations.

Alliance with Peugeot S.A.

In February 2012 we entered into an agreement with PSA to create a long-term and broad-scale global strategic alliance that is expected to leverage the combined strengths and capabilities of the two companies, contribute to our profitability and improve our competitiveness in Europe. In connection with the alliance, in March 2012 we acquired a seven percent equity stake in PSA for $0.4 billion and in June 2012 we entered into a long-term exclusive service agreement with Gefco, a wholly-owned subsidiary of PSA, to provide logistics services in Europe beginning in 2013. The alliance is structured around two main pillars: the sharing of vehicle platforms, components and modules and the creation of a global purchasing joint venture for the sourcing of commodities, components and other goods and services. The implementation of the strategic alliance is subject to the execution of various definitive agreements which will outline the terms of the joint business activities.

Restructuring Activities

We have previously executed various restructuring and other initiatives, and we plan to execute additional initiatives in the future, if necessary, in order to align manufacturing capacity and other costs with prevailing global automotive production and to improve the utilization of remaining facilities.

Due to the expected closure of the Oshawa Consolidation Plant in June 2014, impacted employees will be eligible for a voluntary restructuring separation incentive program in accordance with the existing collective bargaining agreement that provides cash and a car voucher. This may range up to $0.1 billion and will be included in our restructuring liability, net of existing liabilities, upon irrevocable acceptance by both parties.

Our 2011 labor agreement with the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agriculture Implement Workers of America included cash severance incentive programs which were completed at March 31, 2012 for skilled trade U.S. hourly employees. A total of 1,400 skilled trade U.S. hourly employees participated in these programs at a total cost of $0.1 billion and was recorded upon irrevocable acceptances by both parties. Substantially all of the program cost was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2012.

Through September 30, 2012 separation and early retirement programs in Germany had a total cost of $0.3 billion and affected

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a total of 1,900 employees. We expect to complete these programs in 2013 and incur an additional $0.1 billion, which will affect an additional 350 employees.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GMIO and GMSA recorded charges of $23 million and $0.1 billion related to additional separation programs implemented in Korea and Brazil.

Benefit Plan Changes

U.S. Salaried Defined Benefit Pension Plan

In January 2012 we amended the salaried pension plan to cease the accrual of additional benefits effective September 30, 2012. This amendment resulted in a curtailment which decreased the liability and decreased the net pre-tax actuarial loss component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss by $0.3 billion. Active plan participants will receive additional contributions in the defined contribution plan starting in October 2012.

In May 2012 we entered into an agreement in which the salaried pension plan will purchase a group annuity contract from an insurance company that requires the insurance company to pay and administer future annuity payments to certain of our salaried retirees. Following the execution of the agreement 44,000 retired participants in the salaried pension plan were offered lump-sum distributions and approximately 30% of the offers were accepted by the plan participants resulting in lump-sum payments of $3.6 billion. Retired salaried employees that were not offered lump-sum distributions or those that declined the lump-sum offer will continue to receive annuity payments from the insurance company in accordance with the terms of the group annuity contract. Approximately 118,000 salaried retirees were affected by changes depending on retirement date and eligibility. Due to completion of the regulatory review and meeting all closing conditions, we expect to purchase the group annuity contract on November 1, 2012. We loaned $2.2 billion and contributed $0.7 billion to the plan. Currently it is expected that the required funding for the existing salaried pension plan will be approximately $2.6 billion. Amounts loaned to the plan in excess of the funding requirements will be repaid to us. We expect to incur pre-tax charges against earnings of approximately $2.9 billion ($3.4 billion after tax) in the fourth quarter of 2012 which will be treated as special charges. The tax expense of $0.5 billion would result from the removal of income tax allocations between Accumulated other comprehensive loss and operations in prior years. The ongoing annual impact to earnings will be $0.2 billion unfavorable due to a decrease in pension income. Upon completion we expect to account for the transactions as a settlement of pension obligations of approximately $25.1 billion in the fourth quarter of 2012 and the plan will be terminated effective November 1, 2012.

In August 2012 the salaried pension plan was amended to divide the plan. A new legally separate defined benefit pension plan was created primarily for active and terminated vested participants. The existing salaried pension plan will now cover the majority of retirees currently receiving payments. The underlying benefits offered to the plans' participants were unchanged. The remeasurement on August 1, 2012 increased the pension liability and the net pre-tax actuarial loss component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss by $0.7 billion, due primarily to a decrease in the discount rate from 4.21% to 3.37% on a weighted-average basis, partially offset by actual asset returns in excess of expected amounts.

In August 2012 lump-sum distributions were made from the existing salaried pension plan to retired plan participants who elected to receive a lump-sum payment instead of their annuity. These distributions resulted in a partial plan settlement necessitating a plan remeasurement for the existing salaried pension plan on August 31, 2012. The settlement resulted in a pre-tax loss of $54 million. The effect on our financial condition was insignificant.

With the lump-sum payments of $3.6 billion and the expected settlement of approximately $25.1 billion we will have reduced our pension obligation by approximately $28.7 billion.

Canadian Salaried Defined Benefit Plans

In June 2012 we amended the Canadian salaried pension plan to cease the accrual of additional benefits effective December 31, 2012. Active plan participants will receive additional contributions in the defined contribution plan starting in January 2013. We also amended the Canadian salaried retiree healthcare plan to eliminate post-65 healthcare benefits for employees retiring on or after July 1, 2014. In conjunction with this change we amended the plan to offer either a monthly monetary payment to a defined contribution plan for health care or an annual lump-sum cash payment to a defined contribution plan for health care in lieu of the benefit coverage provisions formerly provided under the healthcare plan.

2012 CAW Labor Agreement

55



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In September 2012 we entered into a collectively bargained labor agreement with the Canadian Auto Workers Union (CAW), which was ratified on September 27, 2012. The agreement covers the wages, hours, benefits and other terms and conditions of employment of the CAW represented employees. The key terms and provisions of the agreement are:

•
Lump-sum payments of Canadian Dollar (CAD) $3,000 to certain CAW employees were made in October 2012 and additional lump-sum payments of CAD $2,000 will be paid annually in December of 2013, 2014, and 2015. The-lump sum payments will be amortized over the four year agreement.
•
Hourly employees who retire on or after January 1, 2013 will be offered a new lump-sum distribution option at retirement in the defined benefit pension plan and new hires will be covered by a hybrid defined benefit/defined contribution pension plan. The lump-sum payment option had an insignificant effect on the defined benefit pension plan and will be recognized in the year-end plan remeasurement.
•
Due to the expected closure of the Oshawa Consolidation Plant in June 2014, impacted employees will be eligible for a voluntary separation incentive program in accordance with the existing collective bargaining agreement that provides cash and a car voucher. This may range up to $0.1 billion and will be included in our restructuring liability, net of existing liabilities, upon irrevocable acceptance by both parties.
•
We plan to make total manufacturing program investments of $0.7 billion during the life of the agreement subject to market conditions and demand.

Venezuelan Exchange Regulations

Our Venezuelan subsidiaries utilize the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency because of the hyperinflationary status of the Venezuelan economy. The Venezuelan government has introduced foreign exchange control regulations which make it more difficult to convert Bolivar Fuerte (BsF) to U.S. Dollars. These regulations affect our Venezuelan subsidiaries' ability to pay non-BsF denominated obligations that do not qualify to be processed by the Venezuela currency exchange agency at the official exchange rates.

Refer to Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional details regarding amounts pending government approval for settlement and the net assets of our Venezuelan subsidiaries.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


Consolidating Results of Operations
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
 Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Net sales and revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive sales and revenue
$
37,062

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
37,062

 
$
36,328

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
36,328

GM Financial revenue
—

 
514

 
—

 
514

 
—

 
391

 
—

 
391

Total net sales and revenue
37,062

 
514

 
—

 
37,576

 
36,328

 
391

 
—

 
36,719

Costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive cost of sales
32,731

 
—

 
4

 
32,735

 
31,733

 
—

 
1

 
31,734

GM Financial operating expenses
—

 
105

 
—

 
105

 
—

 
88

 
—

 
88

GM Financial interest expense
—

 
75

 
—

 
75

 
—

 
56

 
—

 
56

GM Financial other expenses
—

 
134

 
(3
)
 
131

 
—

 
69

 
(1
)
 
68

Automotive selling, general and administrative expense
2,832

 
—

 
—

 
2,832

 
2,942

 
—

 
—

 
2,942

Other automotive expenses, net
17

 
—

 
—

 
17

 
25

 
—

 
—

 
25

Goodwill impairment charges
78

 
—

 
—

 
78

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total costs and expenses
35,658

 
314

 
1

 
35,973

 
34,700

 
213

 
—

 
34,913

Operating income
1,404

 
200

 
(1
)
 
1,603

 
1,628

 
178

 
—

 
1,806

Automotive interest expense
128

 
—

 
—

 
128

 
101

 
—

 
—

 
101

Interest income and other non-operating income, net
318

 
—

 
—

 
318

 
152

 
—

 
—

 
152

Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
35

 
—

 
—

 
35

Income before income taxes and equity income
1,594

 
200

 
(1
)
 
1,793

 
1,644

 
178

 
—

 
1,822

Income tax expense
286

 
71

 
—

 
357

 
37

 
70

 
—

 
107

Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
418

 
—

 
—

 
418

 
377

 
—

 
—

 
377

Net income
1,726

 
129

 
(1
)
 
1,854

 
1,984

 
108

 
—

 
2,092

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(21
)
 
—

 
—

 
(21
)
 
15

 
—

 
—

 
15

Net income attributable to stockholders
$
1,705

 
$
129

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,833

 
$
1,999

 
$
108

 
$
—

 
$
2,107


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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
 Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Net sales and revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive sales and revenue
$
111,516

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
111,517

 
$
111,270

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
111,270

GM Financial revenue
—

 
1,432

 
—

 
1,432

 
—

 
1,016

 
—

 
1,016

Total net sales and revenue
111,516

 
1,432

 
1

 
112,949

 
111,270

 
1,016

 
—

 
112,286

Costs and expenses


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Automotive cost of sales
98,314

 
—

 
9

 
98,323

 
97,211

 
—

 
1

 
97,212

GM Financial operating expenses
—

 
296

 
—

 
296

 
—

 
250

 
—

 
250

GM Financial interest expense
—

 
202

 
—

 
202

 
—

 
140

 
—

 
140

GM Financial other expenses
—

 
336

 
(7
)
 
329

 
—

 
174

 
(1
)
 
173

Automotive selling, general and administrative expense
8,647

 
—

 
—

 
8,647

 
8,860

 
—

 
—

 
8,860

Other automotive expenses, net
37

 
—

 
—

 
37

 
50

 
—

 
—

 
50

Goodwill impairment charges
695

 
—

 
—

 
695

 
395

 
—

 
—

 
395

Total costs and expenses
107,693

 
834

 
2

 
108,529

 
106,516

 
564

 
—

 
107,080

Operating income
3,823

 
598

 
(1
)
 
4,420

 
4,754

 
452

 
—

 
5,206

Automotive interest expense
356

 
—

 
—

 
356

 
405

 
—

 
—

 
405

Interest income and other non-operating income, net
732

 
—

 
—

 
732

 
1,064

 
—

 
—

 
1,064

Loss on extinguishment of debt
18

 
—

 
—

 
18

 
45

 
—

 
—

 
45

Income before income taxes and equity income
4,181

 
598

 
(1
)
 
4,778

 
5,368

 
452

 
—

 
5,820

Income tax expense
560

 
254

 
—

 
814

 
59

 
124

 
—

 
183

Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
1,141

 
—

 
—

 
1,141

 
2,903

 
—

 
—

 
2,903

Net income
4,762

 
344

 
(1
)
 
5,105

 
8,212

 
328

 
—

 
8,540

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(111
)
 
—

 
—

 
(111
)
 
(75
)
 
—

 
—

 
(75
)
Net income attributable to stockholders
$
4,651

 
$
344

 
$
(1
)
 
$
4,994

 
$
8,137

 
$
328

 
$
—

 
$
8,465


Production Volume and Retail Vehicle Sales

Management believes that production volume and retail vehicle sales data provide meaningful information regarding our automotive operating results. Production volumes manufactured by our assembly facilities are generally aligned with current period net sales and revenue, as we generally recognize revenue either upon the release of the vehicle to the carrier responsible for transporting it to a dealer, or when the vehicle is delivered to a dealer. Retail vehicle sales data, which represents estimated sales to the end customer, including fleets, does not correlate directly to the revenue we recognize during the period. However, retail vehicle sales data is indicative of the underlying demand for our vehicles and is the basis for our market share.

Information relating to our relative position in the global automotive industry is based upon the good faith estimates of management and includes all sales by joint ventures on a total vehicle basis, not based on the percentage of ownership in the joint venture. Market share information is based on retail vehicle sales volume. Worldwide market share and vehicle sales data excludes the markets of Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria.

Production and sales volume includes vehicles produced by certain joint ventures. The joint venture agreements with SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW) and FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. (FAW-GM) allow for significant rights as a member as well as the contractual right to report SGMW and FAW-GM joint venture production and sales in China. The following table summarizes total production volume (vehicles in thousands):


58



Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
GMNA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cars
316

 
267

 
965
 
860
Trucks
447

 
473

 
1,497
 
1,490
Total GMNA
763

 
740

 
2,462
 
2,350
GME
196

 
270

 
718
 
940
GMIO


 

 

 

Consolidated entities
282

 
253

 
866
 
820
Joint ventures


 

 

 

SGMW
323

 
300

 
1,082
 
903
Shanghai General Motors Co., Ltd.
344

 
309

 
948
 
892
FAW-GM
11

 
12

 
39
 
37
Other
96

 
94

 
283
 
285
Total GMIO
1,056

 
968

 
3,218
 
2,937
GMSA
222

 
243

 
656
 
721
Worldwide
2,237

 
2,221

 
7,054
 
6,948

The following tables summarize total industry sales of new motor vehicles of domestic and foreign makes and the related competitive position (vehicles in thousands):

59



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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


 
Vehicle Sales(a)(b)(c)
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
GMNA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
3,704

 
652

 
17.6
%
 
3,256

 
641

 
19.7
%
Canada
451

 
59

 
13.1
%
 
426

 
62

 
14.6
%
Mexico
250

 
45

 
18.1
%
 
226

 
40

 
17.9
%
Other
75

 
3

 
3.4
%
 
66

 
3

 
3.8
%
Total GMNA
4,480

 
759

 
16.9
%
 
3,974

 
746

 
18.8
%
GME
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United Kingdom
642

 
74

 
11.6
%
 
602

 
72

 
11.9
%
Germany
799

 
59

 
7.4
%
 
861

 
74

 
8.6
%
Italy
298

 
22

 
7.3
%
 
390

 
30

 
7.7
%
Russia
802

 
80

 
10.0
%
 
704

 
64

 
9.1
%
Uzbekistan
33

 
33

 
99.2
%
 
31

 
29

 
95.4
%
France
472

 
19

 
4.0
%
 
536

 
23

 
4.4
%
Spain
169

 
15

 
8.8
%
 
208

 
17

 
8.1
%
Other
1,235

 
80

 
6.5
%
 
1,344

 
102

 
7.6
%
Total GME
4,450

 
382

 
8.6
%
 
4,676

 
412

 
8.8
%
GMIO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
China(d)
4,614

 
665

 
14.4
%
 
4,313

 
619

 
14.4
%
Australia
275

 
29

 
10.7
%
 
256

 
33

 
13.0
%
South Korea
358

 
33

 
9.2
%
 
395

 
36

 
9.2
%
Middle East Operations
303

 
32

 
10.7
%
 
275

 
36

 
12.9
%
India(d)
805

 
22

 
2.7
%
 
790

 
29

 
3.6
%
Egypt
52

 
14

 
27.5
%
 
52

 
13

 
26.0
%
Other
2,733

 
61

 
2.2
%
 
2,347

 
44

 
1.9
%
Total GMIO
9,141

 
857

 
9.4
%
 
8,428

 
811

 
9.6
%
GMSA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brazil
1,072

 
183

 
17.1
%
 
945

 
161

 
17.1
%
Argentina
215

 
33

 
15.5
%
 
238

 
39

 
16.6
%
Colombia
74

 
20

 
27.3
%
 
84

 
28

 
32.8
%
Venezuela
32

 
12

 
38.4
%
 
32

 
11

 
34.8
%
Other
182

 
34

 
18.6
%
 
180

 
38

 
20.9
%
Total GMSA
1,576

 
283

 
17.9
%
 
1,480

 
277

 
18.7
%
Total Worldwide
19,646

 
2,281

 
11.6
%
 
18,558

 
2,245

 
12.1
%

60



Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


 
Vehicle Sales(a)(b)(c)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
GMNA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
11,130

 
1,968

 
17.7
%
 
9,709

 
1,902

 
19.6
%
Canada
1,337

 
176

 
13.2
%
 
1,249

 
187

 
15.0
%
Mexico
729

 
132

 
18.1
%
 
654

 
117

 
17.9
%
Other
221

 
8

 
3.5
%
 
198

 
7

 
3.6
%
Total GMNA
13,417

 
2,284

 
17.0
%
 
11,810

 
2,214

 
18.7
%
GME

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom
1,847

 
212

 
11.5
%
 
1,786

 
225

 
12.6
%
Germany
2,591

 
199

 
7.7
%
 
2,644

 
227

 
8.6
%
Italy
1,182

 
90

 
7.6
%
 
1,516

 
119

 
7.8
%
Russia
2,249

 
217

 
9.6
%
 
1,970

 
177

 
9.0
%
Uzbekistan
86

 
83

 
95.5
%
 
88

 
84

 
95.2
%
France
1,755

 
80

 
4.6
%
 
2,013

 
97

 
4.8
%
Spain
624

 
55

 
8.8
%
 
717

 
63

 
8.8
%
Other
4,171

 
299

 
7.2
%
 
4,478

 
342

 
7.6
%
Total GME
14,505

 
1,235

 
8.5
%
 
15,213

 
1,333

 
8.8
%
GMIO

 

 

 

 

 

China(d)
14,367

 
2,082

 
14.5
%
 
13,732

 
1,893

 
13.8
%
Australia
823

 
86

 
10.4
%
 
752

 
96

 
12.8
%
South Korea
1,115

 
105

 
9.4
%
 
1,186

 
106

 
8.9
%
Middle East Operations
950

 
97

 
10.2
%
 
825

 
101

 
12.3
%
India(d)
2,694

 
71

 
2.6
%
 
2,472

 
84

 
3.4
%
Egypt
141

 
38

 
26.8
%
 
129

 
34

 
26.4
%
Other
8,309

 
170

 
2.0
%
 
6,466

 
124

 
1.9
%
Total GMIO
28,399

 
2,648

 
9.3
%
 
25,562

 
2,437

 
9.5
%
GMSA

 

 

 

 

 

Brazil
2,789

 
474

 
17.0
%
 
2,682

 
465

 
17.3
%
Argentina
677

 
108

 
15.9
%
 
683

 
109

 
16.0
%
Colombia
235

 
66

 
28.0
%
 
242

 
80

 
33.1
%
Venezuela
99

 
35

 
35.4
%
 
89

 
35

 
39.6
%
Other
539

 
105

 
19.4
%
 
526

 
109

 
20.8
%
Total GMSA
4,339

 
787

 
18.1
%
 
4,224

 
799

 
18.9
%
Total Worldwide
60,660

 
6,954

 
11.5
%
 
56,809

 
6,783

 
11.9
%


61



Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


 
Vehicle Sales(a)(b)(c)
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cars
1,784


261

 
14.6
%
 
1,463

 
230

 
15.7
%
Trucks
994

 
234

 
23.5
%
 
966

 
252

 
26.1
%
Crossovers
926

 
158

 
17.0
%
 
827

 
158

 
19.1
%
Total United States
3,704

 
652

 
17.6
%
 
3,256

 
641

 
19.7
%
Canada, Mexico and Other
776

 
107

 
13.8
%
 
718

 
105

 
14.6
%
Total GMNA
4,480

 
759

 
16.9
%
 
3,974

 
746

 
18.8
%
 
Vehicle Sales(a)(b)(c)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cars
5,503

 
813

 
14.8
%
 
4,594

 
764

 
16.6
%
Trucks
2,918

 
677

 
23.2
%
 
2,660

 
663

 
24.9
%
Crossovers
2,709

 
478

 
17.6
%
 
2,455

 
475

 
19.4
%
Total United States
11,130

 
1,968

 
17.7
%
 
9,709

 
1,902

 
19.6
%
Canada, Mexico and Other
2,286

 
316

 
13.8
%
 
2,101

 
312

 
14.8
%
Total GMNA
13,417

 
2,284

 
17.0
%
 
11,810

 
2,214

 
18.7
%
__________
(a)
GMNA vehicle sales primarily represent sales to the end customer. GME, GMIO and GMSA vehicle sales primarily represent estimated sales to the end customer. In countries where end customer data is not readily available other data sources, such as wholesale or forecast volumes, are used to estimate vehicle sales.
(b)
Certain fleet sales that are accounted for as operating leases are included in vehicle sales at the time of delivery to the daily rental car companies.
(c)
Vehicle sales data may include rounding differences.
(d)
Includes the following joint venture vehicle sales. Vehicle sales for SAIC GM Investment Limited, General Motors India Private Limited and Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited (collectively HKJV) are included through August 31, 2012. Refer to Notes 3 and 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on the acquisition of HKJV.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Joint venture sales in China
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd.
327

 
306

 
967

 
906

SGMW and FAW-GM
336

 
312

 
1,111

 
983

Joint venture sales in India
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HKJV
15

 
29

 
64

 
84


Total Net Sales and Revenue
(Dollars in Millions)

62



Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
GMNA
$
23,344

 
$
21,884

 
$
70,420

 
$
67,122

 
$
1,460

 
6.7
 %
 
$
3,298

 
4.9
 %
GME
5,063

 
6,151

 
16,470

 
20,480

 
(1,088
)
 
(17.7
)%
 
(4,010
)
 
(19.6
)%
GMIO
6,745

 
6,116

 
19,750

 
17,726

 
629

 
10.3
 %
 
2,024

 
11.4
 %
GMSA
4,341

 
4,418

 
12,459

 
12,677

 
(77
)
 
(1.7
)%
 
(218
)
 
(1.7
)%
GM Financial
514

 
391

 
1,432

 
1,016

 
123

 
31.5
 %
 
416

 
40.9
 %
Total operating segments
40,007

 
38,960

 
120,531

 
119,021

 
1,047

 
2.7
 %
 
1,510

 
1.3
 %
Corporate and eliminations
(2,431
)
 
(2,241
)
 
(7,582
)
 
(6,735
)
 
(190
)
 
(8.5
)%
 
(847
)
 
(12.6
)%
Total net sales and revenue
$
37,576

 
$
36,719

 
$
112,949

 
$
112,286

 
$
857

 
2.3
 %
 
$
663

 
0.6
 %

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue increased by $0.9 billion (or 2.3%) due primarily to: (1) favorable vehicle mix of $1.2 billion; (2) increased wholesale volumes of $0.7 billion; (3) favorable vehicle pricing effect of $0.7 billion; (4) increased GM Financial finance income of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (5) net foreign currency translation and remeasurement losses of $1.3 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar; (6) decreased revenues from powertrain and part sales of $0.3 billion due to decreased volumes; and (7) reduction in favorable lease residual adjustments of $0.1 billion.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue increased by $0.7 billion (or 0.6%) due primarily to: (1) favorable vehicle mix of $2.5 billion; (2) favorable vehicle pricing effect of $1.7 billion; (3) increased wholesale volumes of $0.8 billion; (4) increased GM Financial finance income of $0.4 billion; partially offset by (5) net foreign currency translation and remeasurement losses of $3.4 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar; (6) decreased revenues from powertrain and parts sales of $0.6 billion due to decreased volumes; (7) reduction in favorable lease residual adjustments of $0.4 billion; (8) decreased revenues of $0.1 billion due to the deconsolidation of VM Motori (VMM) in September 2011; and (9) decreased revenues from rental car leases of $0.1 billion.

Automotive Cost of Sales
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Automotive cost of sales
$
32,735

 
$
31,734

 
$
98,323

 
$
97,212

 
$
1,001

 
3.2
 %
 
$
1,111

 
1.1
 %
Automotive gross margin
$
4,327

 
$
4,594

 
$
13,194

 
$
14,058

 
$
(267
)
 
(5.8
)%
 
$
(864
)
 
(6.1
)%

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Automotive cost of sales increased by $1.0 billion (or 3.2%), in line with Total net sales and revenue, due primarily to: (1) unfavorable vehicle mix of $1.8 billion; (2) increased costs of $0.4 billion related to increased wholesale volumes; (3) increased manufacturing expense, including new launches of $0.2 billion; (4) increased policy and warranty expense of $0.2 billion; (5) increased depreciation and amortization expense of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (6) net foreign currency translation, remeasurement and transaction gains of $1.1 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar; (7) decreased engineering expense of $0.3 billion; (8) decreased costs of $0.2 billion related to powertrain and parts sales; and (9) decreased employee costs of $0.1 billion.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Automotive cost of sales increased by $1.1 billion (or 1.1%) due primarily to: (1) unfavorable vehicle mix of $3.2 billion; (2) increased manufacturing expense, including new launches of $0.6 billion; (3) increased employee costs of $0.4 billion including decreased net pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) income and separation costs; (4) increased policy and warranty expense of $0.2 billion; (5) increased costs of $0.2 billion related to increased wholesale volumes; (6) increased material and freight costs of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (7) net foreign currency translation, remeasurement and transaction gains of $2.9 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar; (8) decreased engineering expense of $0.5 billion; (9) decreased costs of $0.2 billion related to powertrain and parts sales; and (10) decreased costs of $0.1 billion due to the deconsolidation of VMM in September 2011.


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Automotive Selling, General and Administrative Expense
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Automotive selling, general and administrative expense
$
2,832

 
$
2,942

 
$
8,647

 
$
8,860

 
$
(110
)
 
(3.7
)%
 
$
(213
)
 
(2.4
)%

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Automotive selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $0.1 billion (or 3.7%) due primarily to net foreign currency translation and remeasurement gains of $0.1 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Automotive selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $0.2 billion (or 2.4%) due primarily to: (1) net foreign currency translation and remeasurement gains of $0.3 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar; (2) reduction in bad debt expense of $0.2 billion; partially offset by (3) increased administrative expenses of $0.2 billion; and (4) increased advertising expense of $0.1 billion.

Goodwill Impairment Charges
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Goodwill impairment charges
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
695

 
$
395

 
$
78

 
n.m.
 
$
300

 
75.9
%
__________
n.m. = not meaningful

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Goodwill impairment charges increased by $0.1 billion as we recorded charges of $0.1 billion in GMIO.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Goodwill impairment charges increased by $0.3 billion (or 75.9%) as we recorded charges of $0.7 billion, primarily in GME. Refer to Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our Goodwill impairment charges.

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Interest income and other non-operating income, net
$
318

 
$
152

 
$
732

 
$
1,064

 
$
166

 
109.2
%
 
$
(332
)
 
(31.2
)%

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Interest income and other non-operating income, net increased by $0.2 billion (or 109.2%) due primarily to increased derivative gains of $0.1 billion related to fair value adjustments.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Interest income and other non-operating income, net decreased by $0.3 billion (or 31.2%) due primarily to: (1) decreased other non-operating income of $0.3 billion related to the sale of Ally Financial preferred stock in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 that did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2012; (2) increased derivative losses of $0.1 billion related to fair value adjustments; (3) decreased interest income of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (4) decreased foreign exchange transaction and translation losses of $0.1 billion; and (5) a bargain purchase gain of $50 million related to the acquisition of GMAC South America LLC whose only asset is GMAC de Venezuela CA (GMAC Venezuela).

Income Tax Expense

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Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Income tax expense
$
357

 
$
107

 
$
814

 
$
183

 
$
250

 
n.m.
 
$
631

 
n.m.
__________
n.m. = not meaningful

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Income tax expense increased by $0.3 billion due primarily to tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Income tax expense increased by $0.6 billion due primarily to: (1) the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits of $0.3 billion, including reductions to interest expense of $0.2 billion and associated valuation allowances of $0.1 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2011, that did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2012; and (2) tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation of $0.2 billion.

The recorded effective tax rate is lower than the applicable statutory tax rate in both periods due primarily to income earned in jurisdictions for which a full valuation allowance is recorded.

Equity Income, Net of Tax and Gain on Investments
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
China JVs
$
371

 
$
387

 
$
1,121

 
$
1,215

 
$
(16
)
 
(4.1
)%
 
$
(94
)
 
(7.7
)%
New Delphi (including gain on disposition)


 


 


 
1,727

 
—

 
—
 %
 
(1,727
)
 
(100.0
)%
Others
47

 
(10
)
 
20

 
(39
)
 
57

 
n.m.

 
59

 
n.m.

Total equity income, net of tax and gain on investments
$
418

 
$
377

 
$
1,141

 
$
2,903

 
$
41

 
10.9
 %
 
$
(1,762
)
 
(60.7
)%
__________
n.m. = not meaningful

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments increased by $41 million (or 10.9%) due primarily to the gain on the acquisition of HKJV of $50 million.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments decreased by $1.8 billion (or 60.7%) due primarily to: (1) a $1.6 billion gain related to the sale of our Delphi Automotive LLP (New Delphi) Class A Membership Interests and related equity income in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 that did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2012; and (2) decreased equity income of $0.1 billion from the China JVs.

Reconciliation of Consolidated, Automotive and GM Financial Segment Results

Management believes EBIT-adjusted provides meaningful supplemental information regarding our automotive segments' operating results because it excludes interest income, interest expense and income taxes as well as certain additional amounts. Management does not consider these excluded items when assessing and measuring the operational and financial performance of the organization, its management teams and when making decisions to allocate resources, such as capital investment, among business units and for internal reporting and as part of its forecasting and budgeting processes. Such adjustments include impairment charges related to goodwill and certain investments, gains or losses on the settlement/extinguishment of obligations and gains or losses on the sale of non-core investments. Management believes this measure allows it to readily view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons and benchmark performance between periods and among geographic regions. We believe EBIT-adjusted is useful in allowing for greater transparency of our core operations and is therefore used by management in its financial and operational decision-making.

While management believes that EBIT-adjusted provides useful information, it is not an operating measure under U.S. GAAP and there are limitations associated with its use. Our calculation of EBIT-adjusted may not be completely comparable to similarly

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titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result the use of EBIT-adjusted has limitations and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, other measures such as Net income or Net income attributable to stockholders. Due to these limitations, EBIT-adjusted is used as a supplement to U.S. GAAP measures.

Management believes income before income taxes provides meaningful supplemental information regarding GM Financial's operating results. GM Financial uses a separate measure from our automotive operations because management believes interest income and interest expense are part of operating results when assessing and measuring the operational and financial performance of the segment.

In 2012 we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt within Corporate for segment reporting purposes, and it is excluded from EBIT-adjusted. Previously gains and losses on extinguishment of debt were recorded within the applicable automotive segments. This change is consistent with how management currently views the results of our operations.

The following tables summarize the reconciliation of our automotive segments EBIT-adjusted and GM Financial's income before income taxes to Net income attributable to stockholders and provide supplemental detail of the adjustments, which are presented net of noncontrolling interests (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Automotive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBIT-adjusted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GMNA(a)
$
1,822

 
86.9
 %
 
$
2,195

 
108.4
 %
 
$
5,478

 
91.3
 %
 
$
5,697

 
84.3
 %
GME(a)
(478
)
 
(22.8
)%
 
(292
)
 
(14.4
)%
 
(1,095
)
 
(18.3
)%
 
(185
)
 
(2.7
)%
GMIO(a)
689

 
32.9
 %
 
365

 
18.0
 %
 
1,775

 
29.6
 %
 
1,524

 
22.6
 %
GMSA(a)
114

 
5.4
 %
 
(44
)
 
(2.2
)%
 
178

 
3.0
 %
 
103

 
1.5
 %
Corporate and eliminations
(50
)
 
(2.4
)%
 
(199
)
 
(9.8
)%
 
(336
)
 
(5.6
)%
 
(384
)
 
(5.7
)%
Total automotive EBIT-adjusted
2,097

 
100.0
 %
 
2,025

 
100.0
 %
 
6,000

 
100.0
 %
 
6,755

 
100.0
 %
Adjustments
(62
)
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
(674
)
 
 
 
1,483

 
 
Corporate interest income
84

 
 
 
112

 
 
 
259

 
 
 
363

 
 
Automotive interest expense
128

 
 
 
101

 
 
 
356

 
 
 
405

 
 
Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
 
 


 
 
 
18

 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive Financing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GM Financial income before income taxes
200

 
 
 
178

 
 
 
598

 
 
 
452

 
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eliminations
(1
)
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
—

 
 
Income tax expense
357

 
 
 
107

 
 
 
814

 
 
 
183

 
 
Net income attributable to stockholders
$
1,833

 
 
 
$
2,107

 
 
 
$
4,994

 
 
 
$
8,465

 
 
__________
(a)
Our automotive operations interest and income taxes are recorded centrally in Corporate; therefore, there are no reconciling items for our automotive operating segments between EBIT-adjusted and Net income attributable to stockholders.

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Total
Goodwill impairment charges
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(62
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(62
)

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Total
Goodwill impairment charges
$
—

 
$
(590
)
 
$
(84
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(674
)


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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Total
Gain on sale of our Class A Membership Interests in New Delphi
$
1,645

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,645

Goodwill impairment charges
—

 
(395
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(395
)
Charges related to HKJV
—

 
—

 
(106
)
 
—

 
—

 
(106
)
Gain on sale of Ally Financial preferred stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
339

 
339

Total adjustments
$
1,645

 
$
(395
)
 
$
(106
)
 
$
—

 
$
339

 
$
1,483


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Consolidating Financial Condition
(In millions, except share amounts)
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
21,514

 
$
1,806

 
$
—

 
$
23,320

 
$
15,499

 
$
572

 
$
—

 
$
16,071

Marketable securities
10,411

 
—

 
—

 
10,411

 
16,148

 
—

 
—

 
16,148

Restricted cash and marketable securities
275

 
588

 
—

 
863

 
206

 
799

 
—

 
1,005

Accounts and notes receivable, net
13,097

 
36

 
(118
)
 
13,015

 
9,949

 
52

 
(37
)
 
9,964

GM Financial finance receivables, net
—

 
3,766

 
(22
)
 
3,744

 
—

 
3,251

 
—

 
3,251

Inventories
15,672

 
—

 
—

 
15,672

 
14,324

 
—

 
—

 
14,324

Equipment on operating leases, net
2,972

 
—

 
—

 
2,972

 
2,464

 
—

 
—

 
2,464

Other current assets and deferred income taxes
2,069

 
52

 
(11
)
 
2,110

 
1,657

 
46

 
(7
)
 
1,696

Total current assets
66,010

 
6,248

 
(151
)
 
72,107

 
60,247

 
4,720

 
(44
)
 
64,923

Non-current Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash and marketable securities
505

 
281

 
—

 
786

 
912

 
316

 
—

 
1,228

GM Financial finance receivables, net
—

 
6,855

 
—

 
6,855

 
—

 
5,911

 
—

 
5,911

Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates
7,519

 
—

 
—

 
7,519

 
6,790

 
—

 
—

 
6,790

Property, net
26,526

 
52

 
—

 
26,578

 
22,957

 
47

 
1

 
23,005

Goodwill
27,129

 
1,279

 
—

 
28,408

 
27,741

 
1,278

 
—

 
29,019

Intangible assets, net
8,904

 
—

 
—

 
8,904

 
10,013

 
1

 
—

 
10,014

GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net
—

 
1,571

 
(50
)
 
1,521

 
—

 
809

 
(24
)
 
785

Other assets and deferred income taxes
3,180

 
46

 
(448
)
 
2,778

 
3,200

 
30

 
(302
)
 
2,928

Total non-current assets
73,763

 
10,084

 
(498
)
 
83,349

 
71,613

 
8,392

 
(325
)
 
79,680

Total Assets
$
139,773

 
$
16,332

 
$
(649
)
 
$
155,456

 
$
131,860

 
$
13,112

 
$
(369
)
 
$
144,603

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable (principally trade)
$
26,264

 
$
166

 
$
(117
)
 
$
26,313

 
$
24,531

 
$
58

 
$
(38
)
 
$
24,551

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
2,299

 
—

 
(22
)
 
2,277

 
1,682

 
—

 
—

 
1,682

GM Financial
—

 
4,001

 
—

 
4,001

 
—

 
4,118

 
—

 
4,118

Accrued liabilities
24,881

 
179

 
(28
)
 
25,032

 
22,767

 
119

 
(11
)
 
22,875

Total current liabilities
53,444

 
4,346

 
(167
)
 
57,623

 
48,980

 
4,295

 
(49
)
 
53,226

Non-current Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
3,314

 
—

 
—

 
3,314

 
3,613

 
—

 
—

 
3,613

GM Financial
—

 
7,061

 
—

 
7,061

 
—

 
4,420

 
—

 
4,420

Postretirement benefits other than pensions
6,755

 
—

 
—

 
6,755

 
6,836

 
—

 
—

 
6,836

Pensions
25,317

 
—

 
—

 
25,317

 
25,075

 
—

 
—

 
25,075

Other liabilities and deferred income taxes
12,643

 
595

 
(481
)
 
12,757

 
12,355

 
406

 
(319
)
 
12,442

Total non-current liabilities
48,029

 
7,656

 
(481
)
 
55,204

 
47,879

 
4,826

 
(319
)
 
52,386

Total Liabilities
101,473

 
12,002

 
(648
)
 
112,827

 
96,859

 
9,121

 
(368
)
 
105,612

Commitments and contingencies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000,000 shares authorized:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A (276,101,695 shares issued and outstanding (each with a $25.00 liquidation preference) at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011)
5,536

 
—

 
—

 
5,536

 
5,536

 
—

 
—

 
5,536

Series B (100,000,000 shares issued and outstanding (each with a $50.00 liquidation preference) at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011)
4,855

 
—

 
—

 
4,855

 
4,855

 
—

 
—

 
4,855

Common stock, $0.01 par value (5,000,000,000 shares authorized and 1,565,979,895 shares and 1,564,727,289 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011)
16

 
—

 
—

 
16

 
16

 
—

 
—

 
16

Capital surplus (principally additional paid-in capital)
26,443

 
—

 
—

 
26,443

 
26,391

 
—

 
—

 
26,391

Retained earnings
7,204

 
4,330

 
(1
)
 
11,533

 
3,186

 
3,998

 
(1
)
 
7,183

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(6,724
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6,724
)
 
(5,854
)
 
(7
)
 
—

 
(5,861
)
Total stockholders’ equity
37,330

 
4,330

 
(1
)
 
41,659

 
34,130

 
3,991

 
(1
)
 
38,120

Noncontrolling interests
970

 
—

 
—

 
970

 
871

 
—

 
—

 
871

Total Equity
38,300

 
4,330

 
(1
)
 
42,629

 
35,001

 
3,991

 
(1
)
 
38,991

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
139,773

 
$
16,332

 
$
(649
)
 
$
155,456

 
$
131,860

 
$
13,112

 
$
(369
)
 
$
144,603



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Current Assets

Marketable securities decreased by $5.7 billion (or 35.5%) due primarily to our reinvesting in shorter term cash equivalents as these marketable securities matured to rebalance our securities portfolio in the normal course of business.

Accounts and notes receivable, net increased by $3.1 billion (or 30.6%) due primarily to: (1) an increase of $2.0 billion for a loan to U.S. salaried pension plan; (2) $1.9 billion related to higher vehicle sales at the end of September 2012 compared to December 2011; and (3) net increase of $0.3 billion in value added tax receivable; partially offset by (4) a net decrease of $0.9 billion related to dividends collected from our China JVs in the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Equipment on operating lease, net increased by $0.5 billion (or 20.6%) due primarily to a net increase of $0.8 billion in vehicles under lease; partially offset by depreciation of $0.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Non-Current Assets

GM Financial finance receivables, net increased by $0.9 billion (or 16.0%) due primarily to an increase of new loan originations, partially offset by expected principal payments becoming current.

Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates increased by $0.7 billion (or 10.7%) due primarily to an increase in equity income of $1.1 billion; partially offset by dividends declared of $0.5 billion primarily by the China JVs.

Property, net increased by $3.6 billion (or 15.5%) due primarily to: (1) capital expenditures of $6.2 billion; and (2) additions of $0.4 billion related to the acquisition of HKJV; partially offset by (3) depreciation of $2.9 billion; (4) decreases of $0.1 billion associated with disposals; and (5) net foreign currency translation of $0.1 billion due to the weakening of certain currencies against the U.S. Dollar.

Goodwill decreased by $0.6 billion (or 2.1%) due to the impairment charges in GME and GMIO of $0.7 billion; partially offset by additions of $0.1 billion related to the acquisition of HKJV.

Intangible assets, net decreased by $1.1 billion (or 11.1%) due primarily to amortization of $1.2 billion; partially offset by additions of $0.1 billion related to the acquisition of HKJV.

GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net increased by $0.7 billion (or 93.8%) due primarily to a net increase in leased
vehicles purchased in the U.S. and Canada of $0.9 billion; partially offset by depreciation of $0.1 billion.

Current Liabilities

Automotive Short-term debt and the current portion of long-term debt increased by $0.6 billion (or 35.4%) due primarily to: (1) reclassifications from long-term debt to short-term debt of $0.9 billion; and (2) an increase in debt due to the acquisition of HKJV of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (3) debt payments of $0.4 billion.

Non-Current Liabilities

GM Financial Long-term debt increased by $2.6 billion (or 59.8%) due primarily to: (1) the issuance of securitization notes payable of $3.5 billion; and (2) the issuance of 4.75% senior notes of $1.0 billion; partially offset by (3) long-term debt reclassed to current of $1.9 billion.

GM North America
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Total net sales and revenue
$
23,344

 
$
21,884

 
$
70,420

 
$
67,122

 
$
1,460

 
6.7
 %
 
$
3,298

 
4.9
 %
EBIT-adjusted
$
1,822

 
$
2,195

 
$
5,478

 
$
5,697

 
$
(373
)
 
(17.0
)%
 
$
(219
)
 
(3.8
)%


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GMNA Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue increased by $1.5 billion (or 6.7%) due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of $1.1 billion representing 45,000 vehicles (or 5.9%) due to increased industry demand and successful recent vehicle launches such as the Buick Verano, Cadillac XTS, Chevrolet Sonic and Chevrolet Spark; (2) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.3 billion; and (3) favorable vehicle mix of $0.3 billion; partially offset by (4) reduction in favorable lease residual adjustments of $0.1 billion; and (5) unfavorable net foreign currency remeasurement of $0.1 billion due to the weakening of the CAD and Mexican Peso against the U.S. Dollar.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue increased by $3.3 billion (or 4.9%) due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of $3.3 billion representing 135,000 vehicles (or 5.7%) due to increased industry demand and successful recent vehicle launches; (2) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.8 billion; and (3) favorable vehicle mix of $0.2 billion; partially offset by (4) reduction in favorable lease residual adjustments of $0.4 billion; and (5) unfavorable net foreign currency remeasurement of $0.3 billion due to the weakening of the CAD and Mexican Peso against the U.S. Dollar.

GMNA EBIT-Adjusted

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT-adjusted decreased by $0.4 billion (or 17.0%) due primarily to: (1) unfavorable vehicle mix of $0.4 billion; (2) unfavorable net foreign currency remeasurement of $0.3 billion; (3) unfavorable warranty and policy adjustments of $0.3 billion; (4) decrease in U.S. pension income of $0.2 billion; (5) increase in manufacturing expense, including new launches, of $0.2 billion; and (6) reduction in favorable lease residual adjustments of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (7) increased wholesale volumes of $0.3 billion due to increased industry demand and successful recent vehicle launches; (8) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.3 billion; (9) decreased material prices and freight of $0.2 billion; and (10) decreased engineering expense and other technology fees of $0.2 billion.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT-adjusted decreased by $0.2 billion (or 3.8%) due primarily to: (1) unfavorable vehicle mix of $0.7 billion; (2) decrease in U.S. pension income of $0.6 billion; (3) increase in manufacturing expense, including new launches, of $0.5 billion; (4) reduction in favorable lease residual adjustments of $0.4 billion; (5) unfavorable net foreign currency remeasurement of $0.2 billion; and (6) unfavorable warranty and policy adjustments of $0.2 billion; partially offset by (7) increased wholesale volumes of $0.9 billion due to increased industry demand and successful recent vehicle launches; (8) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.8 billion; (9) decreased material prices and freight of $0.3 billion; and (10) decreased engineering expense and other technology fees of $0.3 billion.


GM Europe
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Total net sales and revenue
$
5,063

 
$
6,151

 
$
16,470

 
$
20,480

 
$
(1,088
)
 
(17.7
)%
 
$
(4,010
)
 
(19.6
)%
EBIT (loss)-adjusted
$
(478
)
 
$
(292
)
 
$
(1,095
)
 
$
(185
)
 
$
(186
)
 
63.7
 %
 
$
(910
)
 
n.m.

__________
n.m. = not meaningful

GME Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue decreased by $1.1 billion (or 17.7%) due primarily to: (1) decreased wholesale volumes of $0.5 billion representing 35,000 vehicles (or 12.3%) due to the weak European economy; (2) unfavorable foreign currency translation effect of $0.5 billion, due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro, Russian Ruble and Hungarian Forint; (3) a decrease of $0.1 billion due to unfavorable pricing primarily resulting from increased incentive support associated with strong competition; partially offset by (4) favorable vehicle mix of $0.1 billion due to the new generation Opel Astra GTC and Ampera and increased sales of other higher priced vehicles.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue decreased by $4.0 billion (or 19.6%) due primarily to: (1) decreased wholesale volumes of $2.3 billion representing 155,000 vehicles (or 16.0%) due to the weak European economy;

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(2) unfavorable foreign currency translation effect of $1.6 billion, due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro, Russian Ruble, Hungarian Forint, British Pound, and Turkish Lira; (3) decreased parts, accessories and powertrain engine and transmission sales of $0.4 billion associated with lower demand; (4) a decrease of $0.1 billion due to the deconsolidation of VMM in June 2011; (5) a decrease of $0.1 billion in components sales; and (6) a decrease of $0.1 billion due to unfavorable pricing primarily resulting from increased incentive support associated with strong competition; partially offset by (7) favorable vehicle mix of $0.6 billion due to the new generation Opel Zafira, Astra GTC and Ampera and increased sales of other higher priced vehicles.

GME EBIT (Loss)-Adjusted

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT (loss)-adjusted increased by $0.2 billion (or 63.7%) due primarily to: (1) decreased volumes of $0.1 billion; (2) unfavorable pricing of $0.1 billion; and (3) unfavorable net vehicle mix of $0.1 billion.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT (loss)-adjusted increased by $0.9 billion due primarily to: (1) decreased volumes of $0.5 billion; (2) a decrease of $0.2 billion resulting from the net effect of changes in an embedded foreign currency derivative asset associated with a long-term supply agreement; (3) decreased parts, accessories and powertrain engine and transmission sales of $0.2 billion, associated with lower demand; (4) unfavorable net vehicle mix of $0.2 billion; (5) a decrease of $0.1 billion due to unfavorable pricing; partially offset by (6) lower manufacturing and material costs of $0.3 billion and (7) favorable foreign currency translation effect of $0.1 billion, due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro, Russian Ruble, Hungarian Forint, British Pound, and Turkish Lira.

GM International Operations
(Dollars in Millions)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Total net sales and revenue
$
6,745

 
$
6,116

 
$
19,750

 
$
17,726

 
$
629

 
10.3
%
 
$
2,024

 
11.4
%
EBIT-adjusted
$
689

 
$
365

 
$
1,775

 
$
1,524

 
$
324

 
88.8
%
 
$
251

 
16.5
%
 
GMIO Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue increased by $0.6 billion (or 10.3%) due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of $0.6 billion representing 35,000 vehicles due primarily to strong industry growth across the region; (2) favorable vehicle mix of $0.3 billion due to increased export of new products and increased sales of other higher priced vehicles within the region; and (3) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.2 billion due to higher pricing on new models launched; partially offset by (4) unfavorable net foreign currency translation effect of $0.3 billion due to the weakening of the Korean Won and South Africa Rand against the U.S. Dollar; and (5) unfavorable components, parts and accessories sales of $0.2 billion.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue increased by $2.0 billion (or 11.4%) due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of $1.5 billion representing 96,000 vehicles due primarily to strong industry growth across the region; (2) favorable vehicle pricing effect of $0.6 billion due to higher pricing on new models launched; and (3) favorable vehicle mix of $0.5 billion due to increased export of new products and increased sales of other higher priced vehicles within the region; partially offset by (4) unfavorable net foreign currency translation effect of $0.6 billion due to the weakening of the Korean Won and South Africa Rand against the U.S. Dollar.

The vehicle sales of our China and India joint ventures are not reflected in Total net sales and revenue. The results of our joint ventures are recorded in Equity income, net of tax and gain on investments. HKJV vehicle sales are included in Total net sales and revenue beginning September 1, 2012. Refer to Notes 3 and 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail on the acquisition of HKJV.

GMIO EBIT-Adjusted

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT-adjusted increased by $0.3 billion (or 88.8%) due primarily to: (1) favorable pricing of $0.2 billion due to higher pricing on new models launched; (2) favorable net wholesale volumes of $0.1 billion; (3) net

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gain of $0.1 billion measured as the difference between the fair value of our 50% interest in HKJV and the investment carrying amount at the date of acquisition; (4) favorable change in fair value of $0.1 billion from derivatives due to the weakening of the Korean Won against the U.S. Dollar; partially offset by (5) unfavorable net vehicle mix of $0.2 billion.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT-adjusted increased by $0.3 billion (or 16.5%), due primarily to: (1) increased pricing of $0.6 billion due to higher pricing on new models launched; (2) favorable net wholesale volumes of $0.4 billion; (3) net gain of $0.1 billion measured as the difference between the fair value of our 50% interest in HKJV and the investment carrying amount at the date of acquisition; partially offset by (4) increased costs of $0.5 billion due primarily to increased material, manufacturing and warranty costs; (5) unfavorable net vehicle mix of $0.2 billion; and (6) decreased Equity income, net of tax, of $0.1 billion.

GM South America
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Total net sales and revenue
$
4,341

 
$
4,418

 
$
12,459

 
$
12,677

 
$
(77
)
 
(1.7
)%
 
$
(218
)
 
(1.7
)%
EBIT (loss)-adjusted
$
114

 
$
(44
)
 
$
178

 
$
103

 
$
158

 
n.m.

 
$
75

 
72.8
 %
__________
n.m. = not meaningful

GMSA Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue decreased by $0.1 billion (or 1.7%) due primarily to: (1) unfavorable net foreign currency translation effect of $0.5 billion, due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Brazilian Real and Argentinian Peso; and (2) decreased wholesale volumes of $0.3 billion representing 18,000 vehicles (or 6.3%) due to deteriorated market share due to increased competition and aggressive pricing in the market; partially offset by (3) favorable vehicle mix of $0.6 billion due to increased sales of Chevrolet Cruze and Chevrolet S10; and (4) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.1 billion, primarily in Argentina due to higher inflation and in Venezuela due to the hyperinflationary economy.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Total net sales and revenue decreased by $0.2 billion (or 1.7%) due primarily to: (1) unfavorable net foreign currency translation effect of $1.2 billion, due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Brazilian Real and Argentinian Peso; and (2) decreased wholesale volumes of $0.6 billion representing 44,000 vehicles (or 5.4%) due to deteriorated market share due to increased competition and aggressive pricing in the market; partially offset by (3) favorable vehicle mix of $1.2 billion due to increased sales of Chevrolet Cruze and Chevrolet S10; and (4) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.3 billion, primarily in Argentina due to higher inflation and in Venezuela due to the hyperinflationary economy.

GMSA EBIT (Loss)-Adjusted

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT-adjusted was $0.1 billion compared to EBIT (loss)-adjusted of $44 million in the three months ended September 30, 2011 due primarily to: (1) favorable net vehicle mix of $0.2 billion due to increased sales of Chevrolet Cruze and Cheverolet S10; and (2) favorable vehicle pricing effect of $0.1 billion, primarily in Argentina due to higher inflation and in Venezuela due to the hyperinflationary economy; partially offset by (3) increased material, freight and manufacturing costs of $0.1 billion; and (4) unfavorable net wholesale volumes of $0.1 billion.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 EBIT-adjusted increased by $0.1 billion (or 72.8%) due primarily to: (1) favorable net vehicle mix of $0.3 billion due to increased sales of Chevrolet Cruze and Cheverolet S10; (2) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.3 billion, primarily in Argentina due to higher inflation and in Venezuela due to the hyperinflationary economy; and (3) a bargain purchase gain of $50 million on the purchase of GMAC Venezuela; more than offset by (4) increased material, freight and manufacturing costs of $0.3 billion; (5) unfavorable net wholesale volumes of $0.2 billion; and (6) unfavorable separation costs of $0.1 billion.

GM Financial
(Dollars in Millions)

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Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
GM Financial revenue
$
514

 
$
391

 
$
1,432

 
$
1,016

 
$
123

 
31.5
%
 
$
416

 
40.9
%
Income before income taxes
$
200

 
$
178

 
$
598

 
$
452

 
$
22

 
12.4
%
 
$
146

 
32.3
%

GM Financial Revenue

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 GM Financial revenue increased by $123 million (or 31.5%) due to: (1) increased finance income of $66 million due to a larger loan portfolio balance; and (2) increased lease income of $54 million due to a larger lease portfolio.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 GM Financial revenue increased by $416 million (or 40.9%) due primarily to: (1) increased finance income of $269 million due to a larger loan portfolio balance; and (2) increased lease income of $139 million due to a larger lease portfolio.

GM Financial Income Before Income Taxes

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Income before income taxes increased by $22 million (or 12.4%) due primarily to: (1) increased finance income of $66 million due to a larger loan portfolio; and (2) increased lease income of $54 million due to a larger lease portfolio; partially offset by (3) increased leased vehicle expenses of $38 million due to a larger lease portfolio; (4) increased provision for loan losses of $27 million due to a larger loan portfolio; (5) increased operating expenses of $18 million due to company growth; and (6) increased interest expense of $18 million due to an increase in average debt outstanding and an increase in the effective interest rate.

Average debt outstanding in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $9.8 billion and $7.7 billion and the effective rate of interest paid was 3.0% and 2.9%.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Income before income taxes increased by $146 million (or 32.3%) due primarily to: (1) increased finance income of $269 million due to a larger loan portfolio; and (2) increased lease income of $139 million due to a larger lease portfolio; partially offset by (3) increased leased vehicle expenses of $108 million due to a larger lease portfolio; (4) increased interest expense of $62 million due to an increase in average debt outstanding and an increase in the effective interest rate; (5) increased provision for loan losses of $53 million due to a larger loan portfolio; and (6) increased operating expenses of $47 million due to company growth.

Average debt outstanding in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $9.1 billion and $7.5 billion and the effective rate of interest paid was 3.0% and 2.5%.

Corporate
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
2012 vs. 2011 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Net loss attributable to stockholders
$
(380
)
 
$
(209
)
 
$
(980
)
 
$
(103
)
 
$
(171
)
 
81.8
%
 
$
(877
)
 
n.m.
__________
n.m. = not meaningful

Corporate Net Loss Attributable to Stockholders

In the three months ended September 30, 2012 Net loss attributable to stockholders increased by $0.2 billion (or 81.8%) due primarily to an increase in income tax expense of $0.3 billion partially offset by a $0.1 billion favorable change in foreign currency transactions.

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In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 Net loss attributable to stockholders increased by $0.9 billion due primarily to: (1) an increase in income tax expense of $0.5 billion; and (2) a gain of $0.3 billion recorded on the sale of our Ally Financial preferred stock in March 2011 that did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity Overview

We believe that our current level of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and availability under our secured revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs. However, we expect to have substantial cash requirements going forward which we plan to fund through available liquidity and cash flow from operations. Our known material future uses of cash include, among other possible demands: (1) reinvestment in our business through capital expenditures, engineering and product development activities; (2) pension contributions and OPEB and other payments; (3) payments to reduce debt and other long-term obligations; (4) dividend payments on our Series A and Series B Preferred Shares; and (5) certain South American income and indirect tax-related administrative proceedings may require that we deposit funds in escrow or make payments which may range up to $0.9 billion.

We are in the final stages of negotiations with financial institutions regarding the refinancing of our current $5.0 billion secured revolving credit facility, which would raise the borrowing capacity to approximately $10.0 billion. There is no assurance that we will reach a final agreement on this facility.

Our liquidity plans are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2011 Form 10-K, some of which are outside our control. Macroeconomic conditions could limit our ability to successfully execute our business plans and therefore adversely affect our liquidity plans.

Recent Management Initiatives

We continue to monitor and evaluate opportunities to optimize our liquidity position and capital structure in order to strengthen our balance sheet. Maintaining minimal financial leverage remains a key strategic initiative. We continue to evaluate potential repayments of obligations prior to maturity, certain of which may be deeply discounted and we could incur charges of up to $0.5 billion over the next year. Any such repayments may negatively affect our liquidity in the short-term.

In September 2012, we entered into a transaction to acquire security interests in the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares issued by GM Korea Company (GM Korea) for $0.3 billion. We acquired these interests at a discount to the face value of the preferred shares. The transaction did not meet the criteria for an extinguishment of the liability. Therefore we have classified these interests as an available-for-sale marketable security. We have excluded this amount from our available liquidity as we entered into the transaction to reduce our financial leverage and do not view this investment as part of funds available in the use of our operations. Had this transaction resulted in extinguishment treatment we would have recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.1 billion due to the remaining unamortized discount.

From time to time we consider the possibility of acquisitions, dispositions and strategic alliances that we believe would generate significant advantages and substantially strengthen our business. These actions may include additional loans, investments with our joint venture partners or the acquisitions of certain operations or ownership stakes in outside businesses. These actions may negatively impact our liquidity in the short-term.

GM Financial submitted a bid to acquire certain international operations of Ally Financial during the three months ended September 30, 2012. There is no assurance that GM Financial will be successful in acquiring any of Ally Financial's international operations. However, if GM Financial is successful in completing a transaction it will expand its operations materially in international markets. Such expansion could have significant impacts on its business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

In February 2012 we entered into an agreement with PSA to create an alliance to leverage the strengths and capabilities of our two companies and acquired a seven percent equity stake in PSA for $0.4 billion. Refer to Note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on our investment in PSA, including possible future impairments.

We continue to pursue various options to fund and derisk our pension plans.

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In May 2012 we entered into an agreement in which the U.S. salaried pension plan will purchase a group annuity contract from an insurance company to pay and administer future annuity payments to certain of our salaried retirees. In anticipation of this transaction, in August 2012 we provided a short-term, interest-free loan to the existing salaried pension plan of $2.0 billion. In October 2012 we provided a similar loan to the existing salaried pension plan of $0.2 billion. These loans will provide the plan with incremental liquidity to pay ongoing benefits and administrative costs without requiring the liquidation of assets that will be transferred at settlement of the annuity transaction. The entire principal amounts of the loans are due within 90 days. The loans are unsecured and we have no recourse against the plan to demand prepayment. In October 2012 we made a contribution to the existing salaried pension plan of $0.7 billion. It is expected that the funding required to consummate the transaction will be approximately $2.6 billion including loans and contributions already made to the plan. Amounts loaned to the plan in excess of funding requirements will be repaid to us. Refer to Note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional details on pension activities.


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Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
 
Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Consolidated
 
Automotive
 
GM Financial
 
Consolidated
Net cash provided by operating activities
9,145

 
679

 
9,824

 
6,194

 
530

 
6,724

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for property
(5,993
)
 
(11
)
 
(6,004
)
 
(4,065
)
 
(6
)
 
(4,071
)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions
(3,818
)
 
—

 
(3,818
)
 
(16,349
)
 
—

 
(16,349
)
Trading marketable securities, acquisitions
(4,867
)
 
—

 
(4,867
)
 
(514
)
 
—

 
(514
)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations
8,923

 
—

 
8,923

 
10,351

 
—

 
10,351

Trading marketable securities, liquidations
5,313

 
—

 
5,313

 
380

 
—

 
380

Acquisition of companies, net of cash acquired
(34
)
 
—

 
(34
)
 
(25
)
 
—

 
(25
)
Operating leases, liquidations
3

 
33

 
36

 
7

 
32

 
39

Proceeds from sale of business units/investments, net
18

 
—

 
18

 
4,810

 
—

 
4,810

Increase in restricted cash and marketable securities
(387
)
 
(119
)
 
(506
)
 
(477
)
 
(167
)
 
(644
)
Decrease in restricted cash and marketable securities
730

 
366

 
1,096

 
846

 
146

 
992

Purchases and originations of finance receivables
—

 
(4,941
)
 
(4,941
)
 
—

 
(3,786
)
 
(3,786
)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables
—

 
3,349

 
3,349

 
—

 
2,817

 
2,817

Purchases of leased vehicles, net
—

 
(837
)
 
(837
)
 
—

 
(578
)
 
(578
)
Decrease (increase) in notes receivable
(2,038
)
 
—

 
(2,038
)
 
7

 
—

 
7

Other investing activities
29

 
—

 
29

 
67

 
—

 
67

Net cash used in investing activities
(2,121
)
 
(2,160
)
 
(4,281
)
 
(4,962
)
 
(1,542
)
 
(6,504
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt
(221
)
 
—

 
(221
)
 
169

 
—

 
169

Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)
330

 
7,600

 
7,930

 
381

 
6,668

 
7,049

Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)
(208
)
 
(5,059
)
 
(5,267
)
 
(1,376
)
 
(5,688
)
 
(7,064
)
Payments to acquire noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
—

 
(100
)
 
—

 
(100
)
Dividends paid
(679
)
 
—

 
(679
)
 
(649
)
 
—

 
(649
)
Other financing activities
4

 
(44
)
 
(40
)
 
(15
)
 
(46
)
 
(61
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(774
)
 
2,497

 
1,723

 
(1,590
)
 
934

 
(656
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(19
)
 
2

 
(17
)
 
(212
)
 
(4
)
 
(216
)
Net transactions with Automotive/GM Financial
(216
)
 
216

 
—

 
(194
)
 
194

 
—

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
6,015

 
1,234

 
7,249

 
(764
)
 
112

 
(652
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
15,499

 
572

 
16,071

 
21,061

 
195

 
21,256

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
21,514

 
$
1,806

 
$
23,320

 
$
20,297

 
$
307

 
$
20,604


Automotive

Available Liquidity

Available liquidity includes cash, cash equivalents and current marketable securities balances. At September 30, 2012 our available liquidity was $31.6 billion, excluding funds available under credit facilities of $5.9 billion, which excludes our investment in security interests in the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares issued by GM Korea. The amount of available liquidity is subject to intra-month and seasonal fluctuations and includes balances held by various business units and subsidiaries worldwide that are needed to fund their operations.

We manage our liquidity primarily at our treasury centers as well as at certain of our significant consolidated overseas subsidiaries. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities balances include investments in U.S. government and agency obligations, foreign government securities, time deposits, certificates of deposits and corporate debt securities, and are primarily denominated in U.S. Dollars. Our investment guidelines, which we may change from time to time, prescribe certain minimum credit rating thresholds and limit our exposures to any particular sector, asset class, issuance or security type. Substantially all of our current investments in debt securities are with A/A2 or better rated issuers. We maintain cash balances and investments in certain foreign currencies, such as the CAD, to fund future payments on foreign currency denominated obligations thereby reducing a portion of the related foreign currency exposure. We actively monitor and manage our liquidity exposure to Europe which is related primarily to short-term bank deposits and short-term debt securities of high-quality European issuers. A portion of our total liquidity includes amounts

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deemed indefinitely reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries. We have used and will continue to use other methods including intercompany loans to utilize these funds across our global operations as needed. The following table summarizes our liquidity (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Cash and cash equivalents
$
21,514

 
$
15,499

Marketable securities
10,080

 
16,148

Available liquidity
31,594

 
31,647

Available under credit facilities
5,919

 
5,867

Total available liquidity
$
37,513

 
$
37,514


Credit Facilities

We use credit facilities as a mechanism to provide additional flexibility in managing our global liquidity. Our primary borrowing capacity under these credit facilities comes from our $5.0 billion secured revolving credit facility. The balance of our credit facilities are geographically dispersed across all regions. The following tables summarize our committed and uncommitted credit facilities (dollars in millions):
 
Total Credit Facilities
 
Amounts Available
Under Credit Facilities
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Committed
$
5,472

 
$
5,338

 
$
5,381

 
$
5,308

Uncommitted
578

 
629

 
538

 
559

Total
$
6,050

 
$
5,967

 
$
5,919

 
$
5,867


 
Total Credit Facilities
 
Amounts Available
Under Credit Facilities
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Secured revolving credit facility
$
5,000

 
$
5,000

 
$
5,000

 
$
5,000

Other(a)
1,050

 
967

 
919

 
867

Total
$
6,050

 
$
5,967

 
$
5,919

 
$
5,867

__________
(a)
Consists of credit facilities available at our foreign subsidiaries that are not individually significant.

Our largest credit facility is our five year, $5.0 billion secured revolving credit facility which includes a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $500 million. Additionally, we can use collateral under the revolving credit facility to support other obligations of up to $2.0 billion. In August 2012 we entered into a global letter of credit facility secured by collateral under the revolving credit facility of $0.3 billion. The use of this collateral under this agreement allowed for the release of cash collateral pledged under certain letter of credit agreements. We entered into the secured revolving credit facility agreement in October 2010. While we do not believe that we will draw on our current secured revolving credit facility to fund operating activities, the facility provides additional liquidity and financing flexibility. Availability under the secured revolving credit facility is subject to borrowing base restrictions. Our obligations under the secured revolving credit facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries and secured by a substantial portion of our domestic assets excluding cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and GM Financial. If we receive an investment grade corporate rating from two or more of the credit rating agencies: Fitch Ratings (Fitch), Moody's Investor Service (Moody's) and Standard & Poor's (S&P), we may no longer have to post collateral under the terms of the facility.

Uncommitted credit facilities include lines of credit which are available to us but under which the lenders have no legal obligation to provide funding upon our request. We and our subsidiaries use credit facilities to fund working capital needs, product programs, facilities development and other general corporate purposes.

Cash Flow
 

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Operating Activities

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 net cash provided by operating activities increased by $3.0 billion due primarily to: (1) favorable changes in working capital of $1.0 billion including the termination of advance wholesale agreements in GMNA which adversely impacted working capital in 2011; (2) increase in accrued liabilities related to customer and dealer sales allowances in GMNA of $0.6 billion; (3) favorable changes in daily rental fleet activities of $0.6 billion; and (4) other items of $0.8 billion including increased dividends received from our China JVs of $0.3 billion, non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $0.3 billion and a reduction in OPEB payments of $0.1 billion.

Investing Activities

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 net cash used by investing activities decreased by $2.8 billion due primarily to: (1) proceeds in excess of new investments in marketable securities of $11.7 billion; partially offset by (2) proceeds received from the sale of our investments in New Delphi and Ally Financial preferred stock of $4.8 billion in 2011; (3) a short-term loan of $2.0 billion made to our U.S. salaried pension plan in 2012; and (4) increased capital expenditures of $1.9 billion as we continue to reinvest in our business.

Financing Activities

In the nine months ended September 30, 2012 net cash used in financing activities decreased $0.8 billion due primarily to: (1) additional payments on debt obligations of $1.2 billion in 2011 which included prepayments to retire debt facilities in GMNA and GMSA; partially offset by (2) net decreases in short-term debt facilities of $0.4 billion.

Free Cash Flow

Management believes free cash flow provides meaningful supplemental information regarding the liquidity of our automotive operations and its ability to generate sufficient cash flow above those required in our business to sustain our operations. We measure free cash flow as cash flow from operations adjusted for capital expenditures. While management believes that free cash flow provides useful information, it is not an operating measure under U.S. GAAP and there are limitations associated with its use. Our calculation of free cash flow may not be completely comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result the use of free cash flow has limitations and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, other measures such as cash flows from operating activities. Due to these limitations, free cash flow is used as a supplement to U.S. GAAP measures. The following table summarizes free cash flow (dollars in millions):
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Operating cash flow
$
9,145

 
$
6,194

Less: capital expenditures
(5,993
)
 
(4,065
)
Free cash flow
$
3,152

 
$
2,129


Other Liquidity Issues

Status of Credit Ratings

We have been assigned initial ratings by four independent credit rating agencies: DBRS Limited, Fitch, Moody's and S&P.

Moody's, Fitch and S&P currently rate our corporate credit at non-investment grade while DBRS Limited rates our corporate credit as investment grade. The following table summarizes our credit ratings at October 26, 2012:

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Rating Agency
 
Corporate
 
Secured Revolving
Credit Facility
 
Senior
Unsecured
 
Outlook
DBRS Limited
 
BBB (low)
 
BBB (low)
 
N/A
 
Stable
Fitch
 
BB+
 
BBB-
 
N/A
 
Stable
Moody's
 
Ba1
 
Baa2
 
N/A
 
Positive
S&P
 
BB+
 
BBB
 
N/A
 
Stable

Rating actions taken by each of the credit rating agencies from January 1, 2012 through October 26, 2012 were as follows:

DBRS Limited: September 2012 - Upgraded corporate rating to BBB (low) from BB (high).

Fitch: August 2012 - Upgraded corporate rating to BB+ from BB and changed their outlook to stable from positive.

We continue to pursue investment grade status by maintaining a balance sheet with minimal financial leverage and demonstrating continued operating performance. Achieving investment grade status will provide us with greater financial flexibility, lower our cost of borrowing and may release collateral from certain agreements including our secured revolving credit facility.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

Liquidity Overview

GM Financial's primary sources of cash are finance charge income, servicing fees, net distributions from securitization trusts, borrowings under credit facilities, transfers of finance receivables to trusts in securitization transactions, collections and recoveries on finance receivables and net proceeds from senior notes transactions. GM Financial's primary uses of cash are purchases of finance receivables and leased assets, repayment of credit facilities, securitization of notes payable and other indebtedness, funding credit enhancement requirements for securitization transactions and credit facilities and operating expenses.

GM Financial used cash of $4.3 billion and $3.8 billion for the purchase of consumer finance receivables and $0.8 billion and $0.6 billion for the purchase of leased vehicles in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. GM Financial used cash of $0.6 billion for the origination of commercial finance receivables in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. These purchases were funded initially utilizing cash and borrowings under credit facilities and subsequently funded in securitization transactions. GM Financial received cash of $3.3 billion and $2.8 billion from collections and recoveries on finance receivables in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011.

Available Liquidity

The following table summarizes GM Financial's available liquidity (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,806

 
$
572

Borrowing capacity on unpledged eligible receivables
424

 
387

Borrowing capacity on unpledged eligible leased assets
592

 
294

Available liquidity
$
2,822

 
$
1,253


The increase in liquidity is due primarily to the issuance of senior notes of $1.0 billion.

Senior notes

In August 2012 GM Financial issued 4.75% senior notes of $1.0 billion which are due in August 2017, with interest payable semiannually. GM Financial intends to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes including, but not limited to, acquisitions. The notes are guaranteed by GM Financial's principal operating subsidiary.


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In connection with the issuance of these senior notes, GM Financial entered into a registration rights agreement that requires GM Financial to file a registration statement with the SEC for an exchange offer with respect to the 4.75% senior notes and the subsidiary guaranty. If the registration statement has not been declared effective by the SEC within 365 days from the original issuance of the senior notes or ceases to remain effective, GM Financial will be required to pay the 4.75% senior note holders a maximum amount of $0.50 per week of additional interest per $1,000 of principal during the time the registration statement is not effective for a period of up to one year.

Credit Facilities

In the normal course of business, in addition to using available cash, GM Financial pledges receivables to and borrows under credit facilities to fund operations and repays these borrowings as appropriate under GM Financial's cash management strategy.

The following table summarizes those credit facilities (dollars in millions):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Facility Amount
 
Advances Outstanding
 
Facility Amount
 
Advances Outstanding
Syndicated warehouse facility(a)
$
2,500

 
$
—

 
$
2,000

 
$
621

U.S. lease warehouse facility(b)
$
600

 
—

 
$
600

 
—

Canada lease warehouse facility(c)
$
813

 
375

 
$
589

 
181

Medium-term note facility(d)
 
 
182

 
 
 
294

Bank funding facility
 
 
—

 
 
 
3

Total
 
 
$
557

 
 
 
$
1,099

__________
(a)
In May 2012 GM Financial increased the syndicated warehouse facility amount from $2.0 billion to $2.5 billion and extended the maturity date to May 2013.
(b)
In January 2012 GM Financial extended the maturity date of the U.S. lease warehouse facility to January 2013. Borrowings on the facility are collateralized by leased assets.
(c)
In July 2012 GM Financial increased the Canada lease warehouse facility from CAD $600 million to CAD $800 million and extended the maturity date to July 2013. Borrowings in the facility are collateralized by leased assets. The facility amount represents CAD $800 million and CAD $600 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and the advances outstanding amount represents CAD $368 million and CAD $185 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.
(d)
In October 2012 this facility was paid in full and subsequently terminated.

GM Financial is required to hold certain funds in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for borrowings under the credit facilities and securitization notes payable. GM Financial's funding agreements contain various covenants requiring minimum financial ratios, asset quality and portfolio performance ratios (portfolio net loss and delinquency ratios, and pool level cumulative net loss ratios) as well as limits on deferment levels. Failure to meet any of these covenants could result in an event of default under these agreements. If an event of default occurs under these agreements, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under these agreements to be immediately due and payable, enforce their interests against collateral pledged under these agreements or, with respect to the syndicated warehouse facility, restrict GM Financial's ability to obtain additional borrowings.

Guarantees Provided to Third Parties

We have provided guarantees related to the residual value of operating leases, certain suppliers' commitments, certain product-related claims and commercial loans made by Ally Financial and outstanding with certain third parties excluding vehicle repurchase obligations, residual support and risk sharing related to Ally Financial. The maximum potential obligation under these commitments was $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

Our current agreement with Ally Financial requires the repurchase of Ally Financial financed inventory invoiced to dealers with limited exclusions, in the event of a qualifying voluntary or involuntary termination of the dealer's sales and service agreement. The repurchase obligation ended in August 2011 for vehicles invoiced through August 2010, ended in August 2012 for vehicles invoiced through August 2011 and ends in August 2013 for vehicles invoiced through August 2012.

The maximum potential amount of future payments required to be made to Ally Financial under this guarantee would be based on the repurchase value of total eligible vehicles financed by Ally Financial in dealer stock and is estimated to be $20.8 billion

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and $19.8 billion at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. If vehicles are required to be repurchased under this arrangement, the total exposure would be reduced to the extent vehicles are able to be resold to another dealer or at auction. The fair value of the guarantee was $16 million and $17 million at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 which considers the likelihood of dealers terminating and estimating the loss exposure for the ultimate disposition of vehicles.

Refer to Notes 17 and 22 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on guarantees we have provided.

Pension Funding Requirements

On July 6, 2012 the U.S. Government enacted the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act which allows plan sponsors funding relief for U.S. pension plans through the application of higher funding interest rates. As a result, under current economic conditions, we expect the new law to further delay required contributions to our U.S. pension plans. The new law does not impact our reported funded status or funding contemplated under our derisking initiatives as subsequently discussed.

As part of our overall balance sheet derisking strategy on June 1, 2012 we announced certain actions related to our U.S. salaried pension plan which we expect to complete in 2012. These actions include the offer of lump-sum payments to retirees and the purchase of annuities for the vast majority of the remaining salaried retiree obligation. To consummate the actions announced we expect that the additional funding for the existing salaried pension plan will be approximately $2.6 billion including the following loans and contribution already made to the plan. In August we loaned the plan $2.0 billion. In October 2012 we loaned an additional $0.2 billion to the plan and contributed $0.7 billion to the plan. Amounts loaned to the plan in excess of funding requirements will be repaid to us.

Fair Value Measurements

Refer to Note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding derivative fair value measurements.

Dividends

The declaration of any dividend on our common stock is a matter to be acted upon by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Since our formation we have not paid any dividends on our common stock and have no current plans to pay any dividends on our common stock. Our payment of dividends on our common stock in the future, if any, will be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available for that purpose and will depend on business conditions, our financial condition, earnings, liquidity and capital requirements, the covenants in our debt instruments and other factors.

So long as any share of our Series A or B Preferred Stock remains outstanding, no dividend or distribution may be declared or paid on our common stock unless all accrued and unpaid dividends have been paid on our Series A and B Preferred Stock, subject to exceptions, such as dividends on our common stock payable solely in shares of our common stock. Our secured revolving credit facility contains certain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, subject to exceptions, such as dividends payable solely in shares of our common stock. So long as any share of our Series A Preferred Stock remains outstanding, no dividend or distribution may be declared or paid on our Series B Preferred Stock unless all accrued and unpaid dividends have been paid on our Series A Preferred Stock, subject to exceptions, such as dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock payable solely in shares of our common stock.

The following table summarizes dividends paid on our Series A and B Preferred Stock (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
 
September 30, 2012
 
September 30, 2011
Series A Preferred Stock(a)
$
155

 
$
155

 
$
466

 
$
466

Series B Preferred Stock(b)
60

 
59

 
178

 
183

Total Preferred Stock dividends paid
$
215

 
$
214

 
$
644

 
$
649

__________
(a)
Cumulative unpaid dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock were $26 million at September 30, 2011.
(b)
Cumulative unpaid dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock were $20 million at September 30, 2012 and 2011.

Employees

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At September 30, 2012 we employed 213,000 employees of whom 144,000 (68%) were hourly employees and 69,000 (32%) were salaried employees. The following table summarizes worldwide employment (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
GMNA
101

 
98

GME
38

 
39

GMIO (a)
39

 
34

GMSA
31

 
33

GM Financial
4

 
3

Total worldwide
213

 
207

 


 
 
U.S. - Salaried
30

 
29

U.S. - Hourly
50

 
48

_________
(a)
Increase in GMIO includes an increase of 4,000 employees due to the acquisition of HKJV. Refer to Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for detail regarding the acquisition.


Critical Accounting Estimates

The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods. The critical accounting estimates that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements and the judgments and assumptions used are consistent with those described in the MD&A section in our 2011 Form 10-K, with updates to our critical accounting estimates related to events occurring subsequent to the filing of our 2011 Form 10-K discussed below.

Impairment of Goodwill

We adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update 2010-28, "When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts," on January 1, 2011 and performed Step 2 of the goodwill impairment testing for our GME reporting unit which had a negative carrying amount resulting in the recognition of a cumulative-effect adjustment to Retained earnings of $1.5 billion. In addition, in the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 we performed event-driven goodwill impairment tests at our GME reporting unit which resulted in Goodwill impairment charges of $590 million and $395 million. At March 31, 2012 GME's Goodwill balance was $0. In the three months ended March 31 and September 30, 2012 we also performed event-driven goodwill impairment tests at our GM Korea reporting unit which resulted in Goodwill impairment charges of $27 million and $78 million in the three months ended March 31 and September 30, 2012. Refer to Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on these Goodwill impairment charges, including assumptions utilized in determining the fair values of GME and GM Korea and the amounts of these reporting units' implied goodwill.

Future goodwill impairments that may be material could be recognized should the economic uncertainty continue, our equity price decline on a sustained basis, global economies enter into another recession and industry growth stagnates, or should we reverse deferred tax asset valuation allowances in certain tax jurisdictions. Our U.S. and Canadian operations are experiencing significant profitability. If this trend continues into the fourth quarter of 2012 and if our final plans for 2013 and future longer-term forecasts show sustained profitability, it is likely that we will reverse some or all of the applicable valuation allowances recorded against our deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2012, resulting in a significant increase in earnings and associated equity. If the fair value of the GMNA reporting unit does not increase significantly, this would likely result in a material goodwill impairment charge against earnings.

The key assumptions utilized in determining the fair value-to-U.S. GAAP differences giving rise to the implied goodwill for GME and GM Korea are the determination of our nonperformance risk, interest rates, estimates of our employee benefit related

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obligations and/or the estimated timing of the utilization of our deferred tax assets, including our determination whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be utilized. Of these factors, the amount of implied goodwill determined for GME is most sensitive to changes in our nonperformance risk, interest rates and estimates of our employee benefit related obligations. The amount of implied goodwill determined for GM Korea is most sensitive to our determination of whether it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will or will not be utilized.

Our fair value estimates assume the achievement of the future financial results contemplated in our forecasted cash flows and there can be no assurance that we will realize that value. The estimates and assumptions used are subject to significant uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and there is no assurance that anticipated financial results will be achieved.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets

We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. We consider the following possible sources of taxable income when assessing the realization of deferred tax assets:

•
Future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;

•
Future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards;

•
Taxable income in prior carryback years; and

•
Tax-planning strategies.

The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors, including but not limited to:

•
Nature, frequency, and severity of recent losses;

•
Duration of statutory carryforward periods;

•
Historical experience with tax attributes expiring unused; and

•
Near- and medium-term financial outlook.

It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year anticipated results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years.

The evaluation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and future profitability. Our accounting for deferred tax consequences represents our best estimate of those future events. Changes in our current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

After many years of significant North American operating losses, our U.S. and Canadian operations have experienced profitability in 2010, 2011 and through the first nine months of 2012. To the extent positive evidence trends continue and our final plans for 2013 and future longer-term forecasts show sustained profitability, our conclusion regarding the need for full valuation allowances could change leading to the reversal of a significant portion of our valuation allowances in the fourth quarter of 2012. This will result in a significant benefit to earnings. At September 30, 2012 deferred tax asset valuation allowances for the U.S. and Canada were $35.6 billion and $3.2 billion.

In a valuation allowance environment, utilization of tax attributes to offset taxable income reduces the overall level of deferred tax assets subject to valuation allowance. Additionally, our recorded effective tax rate is lower than the applicable statutory tax rate, due primarily to income earned in jurisdictions for which a full valuation allowance is recorded. Our effective tax rate will approach the statutory tax rate in periods after valuation allowances are reversed. In the quarter in which valuation allowances are reversed, we will record a material tax benefit reflecting the reversal, which could result in a negative effective tax rate. Valuation

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allowance reversals could result in goodwill impairment. Refer to Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to Goodwill impairment charges.

Forward-Looking Statements

In this report and in reports we subsequently file and have previously filed with the SEC on Forms 10-K and 10-Q and file or furnish on Form 8-K, and in related comments by our management, we use words like “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “effect,” “estimate,” “evaluate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “initiative,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “priorities,” “project,” “pursue,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “when,” “would,” or the negative of any of those words or similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements that represent our current judgment about possible future events. In making these statements we rely on assumptions and analyses based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors we consider appropriate under the circumstances. We believe these judgments are reasonable, but these statements are not guarantees of any events or financial results, and our actual results may differ materially due to a variety of important factors, both positive and negative. These factors, which may be revised or supplemented in subsequent reports on SEC Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, include among others the following:

•
Our ability to realize production efficiencies and to achieve reductions in costs as a result of our restructuring initiatives and labor modifications;
•
Our ability to maintain quality control over our vehicles and avoid material vehicle recalls;
•
Our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and financing sources and an appropriate level of debt, including as required to fund our planned significant investment in new technology;
•
Our ability to realize successful vehicle applications of new technology;
•
Shortages of and increases or volatility in the price of oil, including as a result of political instability in the Middle East and African nations;
•
The effect of business or liquidity difficulties for us or one or more subsidiaries on other entities in our corporate group as a result of our highly integrated and complex corporate structure and operation;
•
Our ability to continue to attract customers, particularly for our new products, including cars and crossover vehicles;
•
Availability of adequate financing on acceptable terms to our customers, dealers, distributors and suppliers to enable them to continue their business relationships with us;
•
The ability of our suppliers to deliver parts, systems and components without disruption and at such times to allow us to meet production schedules;
•
Our ability to manage the distribution channels for our products;
•
Our ability to successfully restructure our European operations;
•
The continued availability of both wholesale and retail financing from Ally Financial and its affiliates and other finance companies in markets in which we operate to support our ability to sell vehicles, which is dependent on those entities' ability to obtain funding and their continued willingness to provide financing;
•
Our continued ability to develop captive financing capability, including through GM Financial;
•
Overall strength and stability of the automotive industry, both in the U.S. and in global markets, particularly Europe;
•
Continued economic instability or poor economic conditions in the U.S., Europe and other global markets, including the credit markets, or changes in economic conditions, commodity prices, housing prices, foreign currency exchange rates or political stability in the markets in which we operate;
•
Significant changes in the competitive environment, including the effect of competition and excess manufacturing capacity in our markets, on our pricing policies or use of incentives and the introduction of new and improved vehicle models by our competitors;
•
Significant changes in economic, political and market conditions in China, including the effect of competition from new market entrants, on our vehicle sales and market position in China;
•
Changes in the existing, or the adoption of new, laws, regulations, policies or other activities of governments, agencies

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and similar organizations, including where such actions may affect the production, licensing, distribution or sale of our products, the cost thereof or applicable tax rates;
•
Costs and risks associated with litigation;
•
Significant increases in our pension expense or projected pension contributions resulting from changes in the value of plan assets, the discount rate applied to value the pension liabilities or other assumption changes; and
•
Changes in accounting principles, or their application or interpretation, and our ability to make estimates and the assumptions underlying the estimates, which could have an effect on earnings.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or other factors that affect the subject of these statements, except where we are expressly required to do so by law.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no significant changes in our exposure to market risk since December 31, 2011. Refer to Item 7A in our 2011 Form 10-K.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chairman and CEO and Senior Vice President and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) at September 30, 2012. Based on this evaluation required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2012.

Changes in Internal Controls

There have not been any changes in internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *


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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The discussion in the following paragraph describes material legal proceedings that arose in, and any material developments in previously disclosed material proceedings that occurred in the three months ended September 30, 2012, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business. Refer to our 2011 Form 10-K as updated in our Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2012 and in our Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2012 for a full description of our other material pending legal proceedings. We and the other defendants affiliated with us intend to defend all of the disclosed actions vigorously.

Saab Automobile AB Related Litigation
On August 6, 2012, Saab Automobile AB (Saab) and Spyker N.V. filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan alleging that GM tortiously interfered with their efforts to secure an investment in Saab from Zheijian Youngman Lotus Automobile Co., Ltd and its affiliates by making public statements in December of 2011 to the effect that we did not favor the proposed transaction. The complaint alleges that absent the challenged statements, Saab would have successfully avoided liquidation and seeks damages of not less than $3.0 billion representing the projected value of Saab through 2016 plus pre- and post-judgment interest, special, punitive and other allowable damages and plaintiffs' reasonable attorneys' fees and costs.
*  *  *  *  *  *  *

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We face a number of significant risks and uncertainties in connection with our operations. Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by these risk factors. There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in our 2011 Form 10-K.
*  *  *  *  *  *  *


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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
 
Exhibit Name
 
 
31.1
 
Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

 
Filed Herewith
31.2
 
Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer

 
Filed Herewith
32.1
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 
Furnished with this Report
32.2
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 
Furnished with this Report
101.INS*
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.SCH*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.CAL*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.LAB*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.PRE*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.DEF*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
__________
*
Submitted electronically with this Report.


* * * * * * *


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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.


 
 
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
(Registrant)


 
 
 
By:
/s/ NICK S. CYPRUS
 
 
 
 
Nick S. Cyprus, Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
 
Date:
October 31, 2012
 
 
 


88


EX-31.1-09302012


Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Daniel F. Akerson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report for the period ended September 30, 2012 on Form 10-Q of General Motors Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



_/s/ DANIEL F. AKERSON     
Daniel F. Akerson
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer


Date: October 31, 2012



EX-31.2-09302012


Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Daniel Ammann, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report for the period ended September 30, 2012 on Form 10-Q of General Motors Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



_/s/ DANIEL AMMANN         
Daniel Ammann
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


Date: October 31, 2012



EX-32.1-09302012


Exhibit 32.1




CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of General Motors Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2012 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel F. Akerson, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.




/s/ DANIEL F. AKERSON
Daniel F. Akerson
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer


Date: October 31, 2012



EX-32.2-09302012


Exhibit 32.2




CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of General Motors Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2012 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel Ammann, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.




/s/ DANIEL AMMANN
Daniel Ammann
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


Date: October 31, 2012