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Document and Entity Information Document - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Jan. 25, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Document Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
Entity Central Index Key	0001467858
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,409,478,926
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Public Float			$ 55.5

Consolidated Income Statements - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net sales and revenue
Automotive	$ 133,045
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)	147,049	$ 145,588	$ 149,184
Costs and expenses
Automotive and other cost of sales	120,656	116,229	121,784
Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense	9,650	9,570	10,345
Total costs and expenses	142,604	136,927	140,498
Operating income	4,445	8,661	8,686
Automotive interest expense	655	575	563
Interest income and other non-operating income, net (Note 19)	2,596	1,645	1,603
Equity income (Note 8)	2,163	2,132	2,282
Income before income taxes	8,549	11,863	12,008
Income tax expense (Note 17)	474	11,533	2,739
Income from continuing operations	8,075	330	9,269
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 22)	70	4,212	1
Net income (loss)	8,005	(3,882)	9,268
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	9	18	159
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	8,014	(3,864)	9,427
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 7,916	$ (3,880)	$ 9,427
Earnings per share (Note 21)
Basic earnings per common share – continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ 5.66	$ 0.23	$ 6.12
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0.05	2.88	(0.00)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 5.61	$ (2.65)	$ 6.12
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic (in shares)	1,411	1,465	1,540
Diluted earnings per common share – continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ 5.58	$ 0.22	$ 6.00
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	0.05	2.82	(0.00)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 5.53	$ (2.60)	$ 6.00
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (in shares)	1,431	1,492	1,570
Automotive [Member]
Net sales and revenue
Automotive	$ 133,045	$ 133,449	$ 140,205
GM Financial [Member]
Net sales and revenue
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)	14,004	12,139	8,979
Costs and expenses
GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses	$ 12,298	$ 11,128	$ 8,369

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 8,005	$ (3,882)	$ 9,268
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 20)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(715)	747	(384)
Defined benefit plans	(221)	570	(969)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(936)	1,317	(1,353)
Comprehensive income (loss)	7,069	(2,565)	7,915
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	15	20	218
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$ 7,084	$ (2,545)	$ 8,133

- Definition

The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.

+ References

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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 20,844	$ 15,512
Marketable securities (Note 4)	5,966	8,313
Accounts and notes receivable (net of allowance of $211 and $278)	6,549	8,164
Inventories (Note 6)	9,816	10,663
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7)	247	1,106
Other current assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	5,021	4,465
Total current assets	75,293	68,744
Non-current Assets
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates (Note 8)	9,215	9,073
Property, net (Note 9)	38,758	36,253
Goodwill and intangible assets, net (Note 10)	5,579	5,849
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7; Note 11 at VIEs)	43,559	42,882
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)	24,082	23,544
Other assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	5,770	4,929
Total non-current assets	152,046	143,738
Total Assets	227,339	212,482
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable (principally trade)	22,297	23,929
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	28,049	25,996
Total current liabilities	82,237	76,890
Non-current Liabilities
Postretirement benefits other than pensions (Note 15)	5,370	5,998
Pensions (Note 15)	11,538	13,746
Other liabilities (Note 12)	12,357	12,394
Total non-current liabilities	102,325	99,392
Total Liabilities	184,562	176,282
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Equity (Note 20)
Common stock, $0.01 par value	14	14
Additional paid-in capital	25,563	25,371
Retained earnings	22,322	17,627
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(9,039)	(8,011)
Total stockholders’ equity	38,860	35,001
Noncontrolling interests	3,917	1,199
Total Equity	42,777	36,200
Total Liabilities and Equity	227,339	212,482
GM Financial [Member]
Current Assets
GM Financial receivables, net (Note 5; Note 11 at VIEs)	26,850	20,521
Non-current Assets
GM Financial receivables, net (Note 5; Note 11 at VIEs)	25,083	21,208
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)	30,956	24,450
Non-current Liabilities
Long-term debt (Note 13)	60,032	56,267
Automotive [Member]
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)	935	2,515
Non-current Liabilities
Long-term debt (Note 13)	$ 13,028	$ 10,987

Consolidated Balance Sheets Parenthetical - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Common stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Automotive [Member]
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable	$ 211	$ 278

Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Income from continuing operations	$ 8,075	$ 330	$ 9,269
Depreciation and impairment of Equipment on operating leases, net	7,604	6,805	4,804
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges on Property, net	6,065	5,456	5,015
Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction losses	168	52	229
Undistributed earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates, net	(141)	(132)	(15)
Pension contributions and OPEB payments	(2,069)	(1,636)	(3,454)
Pension and OPEB income, net	(1,280)	(934)	(769)
Provision (benefit) for deferred taxes	(112)	10,880	2,228
Change in other operating assets and liabilities (Note 26)	(1,376)	(3,015)	580
Other operating activities	(1,678)	(468)	(894)
Net cash provided by operating activities – continuing operations	15,256	17,338	16,993
Net cash used in operating activities – discontinued operations	0	(10)	(386)
Net cash provided by operating activities	15,256	17,328	16,607
Cash flows from investing activities
Expenditures for property	(8,761)	(8,453)	(8,384)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions	(2,820)	(5,503)	(15,182)
Trading marketable securities, acquisitions	0	0	(262)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations	5,108	9,007	10,871
Trading marketable securities, liquidations	0	0	872
Acquisition of companies/investments, net of cash acquired	(83)	(41)	(804)
Purchases of finance receivables, net	(25,671)	(19,325)	(14,378)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables	17,048	12,578	9,899
Purchases of leased vehicles, net	(16,736)	(19,180)	(19,495)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles	10,864	6,667	2,554
Other investing activities	122	178	162
Net cash used in investing activities – continuing operations	(20,929)	(24,072)	(34,147)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities – discontinued operations (Note 22)	166	(3,500)	(1,496)
Net cash used in investing activities	(20,763)	(27,572)	(35,643)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt	1,186	(140)	(282)
Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)	43,801	52,187	42,036
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)	(33,323)	(33,592)	(20,727)
Payments to purchase common stock	(190)	(4,492)	(2,500)
Proceeds from issuance of subsidiary preferred and common stock (Note 20)	2,862	985	0
Dividends paid	(2,242)	(2,233)	(2,368)
Other financing activities	(640)	(305)	(163)
Net cash provided by financing activities – continuing operations	11,454	12,410	15,996
Net cash provided by financing activities – discontinued operations	0	174	1,081
Net cash provided by financing activities	11,454	12,584	17,077
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(299)	348	(213)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	5,648	2,688	(2,172)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	17,848	15,160	17,332
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	23,496	17,848	15,160
Significant Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity
Non-cash proceeds on sale of discontinued operations (Note 22)	0	808	0
Continuing Operations [Member]
Cash flows from financing activities
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	17,848	14,487
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	23,496	17,848	14,487
Significant Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity
Non-cash property additions	3,813	3,996	3,897
Non-cash business acquisition – continuing operations	0	0	290
Discontinued Operations [Member]
Cash flows from financing activities
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	0	673
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	0	0	673
Significant Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity
Non-cash property additions	$ 0	$ 0	$ 868

Consolidated Statements Of Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	Noncontrolling Interests [Member]	Noncontrolling Interests [Member] Preferred Stock [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 40,323		$ 15	$ 27,607	$ 20,285	$ (8,036)	$ 452
Net income (loss)	9,268				9,427		(159)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,353)					(1,294)	(59)
Issuance of common stock	290			290
Purchase of common stock	(2,500)		0	(1,320)	(1,180)
Exercise of common stock warrants	89			89
Stock based compensation	290			317	(27)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(2,337)				(2,337)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(31)						(31)
Other	36						36
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	44,075		15	26,983	26,168	(9,330)	239
Net income (loss)	(3,882)				(3,864)		(18)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,317					1,319	(2)
Issuance of common stock		$ 985						$ 985
Purchase of common stock	(4,492)		(1)	(2,063)	(2,428)
Exercise of common stock warrants	43			43
Stock based compensation	434			468	(34)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(2,215)				(2,215)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(18)						(18)
Other	(47)			(60)			13
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	36,200		14	25,371	17,627	(8,011)	1,199
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)	(1,144)				(1,046)	(98)
Net income (loss)	8,005				8,014		(9)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(936)					(930)	(6)
Issuance of common stock		$ 2,862						$ 2,862
Purchase of common stock	(190)		0	(91)	(99)
Stock based compensation	287			287	0
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(2,144)				(2,144)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(169)						(169)
Other	6			(4)	(30)		40
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 42,777		$ 14	$ 25,563	$ 22,322	$ (9,039)	$ 3,917

Nature Of Operations and Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
Nature Of Operations and Basis of Presentation	Dec. 31, 2018
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation General Motors Company was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 2009. We design, build and sell trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts worldwide and are investing in and growing an autonomous ride-sharing vehicle business. We also provide automotive financing services through GM Financial. We analyze the results of our continuing operations through the following segments: GMNA, GMI, GM Cruise and GM Financial. GM Cruise is our global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of autonomous vehicle technology. As a result of the growing importance of our autonomous vehicle operations, we moved these operations from Corporate to GM Cruise and began presenting GM Cruise as a new reportable segment in 2018. All periods presented have been recast to reflect the segment changes. Nonsegment operations and Maven, our ride- and car-sharing business, are classified as Corporate. Corporate includes certain centrally recorded income and costs such as interest, income taxes, corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment specific revenues and expenses. On July 31, 2017 we closed the sale of the Opel/Vauxhall Business to PSA Group. On October 31, 2017 we closed the sale of the Fincos to Banque PSA Finance S.A. and BNP Paribas Personal Finance S.A. The European Business is presented as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. Unless otherwise indicated, information in this report relates to our continuing operations. Refer to Note 22 for additional information on our discontinued operations. In 2018 we changed the presentation of our consolidated statements of cash flows to separately classify Depreciation and impairment of Equipment on operating leases, net and Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges on Property, net. We have made corresponding reclassifications to the comparable information for all periods presented. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Except for per share amounts or as otherwise specified, amounts presented within tables are stated in millions. We consolidate entities that we control due to ownership of a majority voting interest and we consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) when we are the primary beneficiary. Our share of earnings or losses of nonconsolidated affiliates is included in our consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting when we are able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate. Beginning January 1, 2018 we no longer use the cost method of accounting due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" (ASU 2016-01). Refer to Note 2 for additional information on recently adopted accounting standards. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements Accounting estimates are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates require the use of judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods. GM Financial The amounts presented for GM Financial have been adjusted to include the effect of our tax attributes on GM Financial's deferred tax positions and provision for income taxes, which are not applicable to GM Financial on a stand-alone basis, and to eliminate the effect of transactions between GM Financial and the other members of the consolidated group. Accordingly, the amounts presented will differ from those presented by GM Financial on a stand-alone basis.

Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting policies that follow are utilized by our automotive, automotive financing and GM Cruise operations, unless otherwise indicated. The information presented on Revenue Recognition, Equipment on Operating Leases, Marketable Debt Securities, Equity Investments and Derivative Financial Instruments reflects our recently adopted accounting standards on January 1, 2018.

Revenue Recognition We adopted ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018, which requires us to recognize revenue when a customer obtains control rather than when we have transferred substantially all risks and rewards of a good or service. We adopted ASU 2014-09 by applying the modified retrospective method to all noncompleted contracts as of the date of adoption. See the Recently Adopted Accounting Standards section for additional information pertaining to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The following accounting policies became effective upon the adoption of ASU 2014-09:

Automotive Automotive net sales and revenue represents the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for vehicle, parts and accessories and services and other sales. The consideration recognized represents the amount received, typically shortly after the sale to a customer, net of estimated dealer and customer sales incentives we reasonably expect to pay. Significant factors in determining our estimates of incentives include forecasted sales volume, product mix, and the rate of customer acceptance of incentive programs, all of which are estimated based on historical experience and assumptions concerning future customer behavior and market conditions. Subsequent adjustments to incentive estimates are possible as facts and circumstances change over time. A portion of the consideration received is deferred for separate performance obligations, such as maintenance and vehicle connectivity, that will be provided to our customers at a future date. Taxes assessed by various government entities, such as sales, use and value-added taxes, collected at the time of the vehicle sale are excluded from Automotive net sales and revenue. Costs for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the vehicle transfers to the dealer are recognized at the time of sale and presented in Automotive and other cost of sales.

Vehicle, Parts and Accessories For the majority of vehicle and accessories sales our customers obtain control and we recognize revenue when the vehicle transfers to the dealer, which generally occurs when the vehicle is released to the carrier responsible for transporting it to a dealer. Revenue, net of estimated returns, is recognized on the sale of parts upon delivery to the customer. When our customers have a right to return eligible parts and accessories, we consider the returns in our estimation of the transaction price.

Certain transfers to daily rental companies are accounted for as sales, with revenue recognized at the time of transfer. Such transactions were previously accounted for as operating leases. At the time of transfer, we defer revenue for remarketing obligations, record a residual value guarantee and reflect a deposit liability for amounts expected to be returned once the remarketing services are complete. Deferred revenue is recognized in earnings upon completion of the remarketing service. Transfers that occurred prior to January 1, 2018 and future transfers containing a substantive repurchase obligation continue to be accounted for as operating leases and rental income is recognized over the estimated term of the lease. Our total exposure to vehicle repurchase obligations would be reduced to the extent vehicles are able to be resold to a third party.

Used Vehicles Proceeds from the auction of vehicles returned from daily rental car companies and vehicles utilized by our employees are recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Automotive and other cost of sales.

Services and Other Services and other revenue primarily consists of revenue from vehicle-related service arrangements and after-sale services such as maintenance, vehicle connectivity and extended service warranties. For those service arrangements that are bundled with a vehicle sale, a portion of the revenue from the sale is allocated to the service component and recognized as deferred revenue within Accrued liabilities or Other liabilities. We recognize revenue for bundled services and services sold separately as services are performed, typically over a period of less than three years.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial Finance charge income earned on receivables is recognized using the effective interest method. Fees and commissions (including incentive payments) received and direct costs of originating loans are deferred and amortized over the term of the related finance receivables using the effective interest method and are removed from the consolidated balance sheets when the related finance receivables are fully charged off or paid in full. Accrual of finance charge income on retail finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 60 days delinquent, accounts in bankruptcy and accounts in repossession. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to any fees due, then to any interest due and then any remaining amounts are applied to principal. Interest accrual generally resumes once an account has received payments bringing the delinquency to less than 60 days past due. Accrual of finance charge income on commercial finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 90 days delinquent, upon receipt of a bankruptcy notice from a borrower, or where reasonable doubt exists about the full collectability of contractually agreed upon principal and interest. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to principal. Interest accrual resumes once an account has received payments bringing the account fully current and collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured (including amounts previously charged off).

Income from operating lease assets, which includes lease origination fees, net of lease origination costs and incentives, is recorded as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement.

Advertising and Promotion Expenditures Advertising and promotion expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense, were $4.0 billion, $4.3 billion and $4.6 billion in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Research and Development Expenditures Research and development expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other cost of sales, were $7.8 billion, $7.3 billion and $6.6 billion in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. We enter into cost sharing arrangements with third parties or nonconsolidated affiliates for product-related research, engineering, design and development activities. Cost sharing payments and fees related to these arrangements are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. We are required to post cash as collateral as part of certain agreements that we enter into as part of our operations. Cash and cash equivalents subject to contractual restrictions and not readily available are classified as restricted cash. Restricted cash is invested in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements and include amounts related to various deposits, escrows and other cash collateral. Restricted cash is included in Other current assets and Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements A three-level valuation hierarchy, based upon observable and unobservable inputs, is used for fair value measurements. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions based on the best evidence available. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose significant inputs are observable; and Level 3 – Instruments whose significant inputs are unobservable.

Marketable Debt Securities We classify marketable debt securities as either available-for-sale or trading. Various factors, including turnover of holdings and investment guidelines, are considered in determining the classification of securities. Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded net of related income taxes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss until realized. Trading debt securities are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. We determine realized gains and losses for all debt securities using the specific identification method.

We measure the fair value of our marketable debt securities using a market approach where identical or comparable prices are available and an income approach in other cases. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values of securities are determined using prices from a pricing service, pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flow models. These prices represent non-binding quotes. Our pricing service utilizes industry-standard pricing models that consider various inputs. We conduct an annual review of our pricing service and believe the prices received from our pricing service are a reliable representation of exit prices.

An evaluation is made quarterly to determine if unrealized losses related to non-trading investments in debt securities are other-than-temporary. Factors considered include the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been below cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and the intent to sell or likelihood to be forced to sell the debt security before any anticipated recovery.

Accounts and Notes Receivable Accounts and notes receivable primarily consists of amounts that are due and payable from our customers for the sale of vehicles, parts, and accessories. We evaluate the collectability of receivables each reporting period and record an allowance for doubtful accounts representing our estimate of probable losses. Additions to the allowance are charged to bad debt expense reported in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense and were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

GM Financial Receivables Finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses. GM Financial uses forecasting models to determine the collective allowance for loan losses based on factors including historical delinquency migration to loss, probability of default and loss given default. The loss confirmation period is a key assumption within the models and represents the average amount of time from when a loss event first occurs to when the receivable is charged off. GM Financial also considers an evaluation of overall portfolio credit quality based on various indicators.

Retail finance receivables that become classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are separately assessed for impairment. A specific allowance is estimated based on the present value of the expected future cash flows of the receivables discounted at the original weighted average effective interest rate. Finance charge income from loans classified as TDRs is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. Cash collections on these loans are allocated according to the same payment hierarchy methodology applied to loans that are not classified as TDRs.

Retail finance receivables are generally charged off in the month in which the account becomes 120 days contractually delinquent if GM Financial has not yet recorded a repossession charge-off. A repossession charge-off generally represents the difference between the estimated net sales proceeds and the unpaid balance of the contract, including accrued interest.

Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less cost to sell, and considers general market and economic conditions, periodic reviews of current profitability of vehicles, product warranty costs and the effect of estimated sales incentives. Net realizable value for off-lease and other vehicles is current auction sales proceeds less disposal and warranty costs. Productive material, supplies, work in process and service parts are reviewed to determine if inventory quantities are in excess of forecasted usage or if they have become obsolete.

Equipment on Operating Leases Equipment on operating leases, net consists of vehicle leases to retail customers with lease terms of two to five years and vehicle sales to rental car companies that are expected to be repurchased in an average of seven months. We are exposed to changes in the residual values of these assets. The residual values represent estimates of the values of the leased vehicles at the end of the lease contracts and are determined based on forecasted auction proceeds when there is a reliable basis to make such a determination. Realization of the residual values is dependent on the future ability to market the vehicles under prevailing market conditions. The estimate of the residual value is evaluated over the life of the arrangement and adjustments may be made to the extent the expected value of the vehicle changes. Adjustments may be in the form of revisions to the depreciation rate or recognition of an impairment charge. A lease vehicle asset group is determined to be impaired if an impairment indicator exists and the expected future cash flows, which include estimated residual values, are lower than the carrying amount of the vehicle asset group. If the carrying amount is considered impaired an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value of the vehicle asset group. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows, including estimated residual values. In our automotive operations when a vehicle that is accounted for as a lease is returned the asset is reclassified from Equipment on operating leases, net to Inventories at the lower of cost or estimated selling price, less costs to sell. Upon disposition, proceeds are recorded in Automotive net sales and revenue and costs are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. In our automotive finance operations when a leased vehicle is returned or repossessed the asset is recorded in Other assets at the lower of amortized cost or estimated selling price, less costs to sell. Upon disposition a gain or loss is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses for any difference between the net book value of the leased asset and the proceeds from the disposition of the asset.

Equity Investments When events and circumstances warrant, equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting are evaluated for impairment. An impairment charge is recorded whenever a decline in value of an equity investment below its carrying amount is determined to be other-than-temporary. Impairment charges related to equity method investments are recorded in Equity income. Equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.

Property, net Property, plant and equipment, including internal use software, is recorded at cost. Major improvements that extend the useful life or add functionality are capitalized. The gross amount of assets under capital leases is included in property, plant and equipment. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. We depreciate depreciable property using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of lease or the life of the asset, whichever is shorter. The amortization of the assets under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. Upon retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in earnings. Impairment charges related to property are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales, Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses.

Special Tools Special tools represent product-specific propulsion and non-propulsion related tools, dies, molds and other items used in the vehicle manufacturing process. Expenditures for special tools are recorded at cost and are capitalized. We amortize special tools over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method or an accelerated amortization method based on their historical and estimated production volume. Impairment charges related to special tools are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales.

Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually on October 1 or when events occur or circumstances change that would trigger such a review. The impairment test entails an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative impairment test is performed. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets, excluding goodwill, primarily include brand names, technology and intellectual property, customer relationships and dealer networks. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or an accelerated method of amortization over their estimated useful lives. An accelerated amortization method reflecting the pattern in which the asset will be consumed is utilized if that pattern can be reliably determined. We consider the period of expected cash flows and underlying data used to measure the fair value of the intangible assets when selecting a useful life. Amortization of developed technology and intellectual property is recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. Amortization of brand names, customer relationships and our dealer networks is recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Impairment charges, if any, related to intangible assets are recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or Automotive and other cost of sales.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The carrying amount of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets to be held and used in the business is evaluated for impairment when events and circumstances warrant. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired, a loss is recorded based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Product-specific long-lived asset groups and non-product specific long-lived assets are separately tested for impairment on an asset group basis. Fair value is determined using either the market or sales comparison approach, cost approach or anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held for use until disposition.

Pension and OPEB Plans

Attribution, Methods and Assumptions The cost of benefits provided by defined benefit pension plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of pension plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the duration of the applicable collective bargaining agreement specific to the plan, the expected future working lifetime or the life expectancy of the plan participants.

The cost of medical, dental, legal service and life insurance benefits provided through postretirement benefit plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of postretirement plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the average period to full eligibility or the average life expectancy of the plan participants.

An expected return on plan asset methodology is utilized to calculate future pension expense for certain significant funded benefit plans. A market-related value of plan assets methodology is also utilized that averages gains and losses on the plan assets over a period of years to determine future pension expense. The methodology recognizes 60% of the difference between the fair value of assets and the expected calculated value in the first year and 10% of that difference over each of the next four years.

The discount rate assumption is established for each of the retirement-related benefit plans at their respective measurement dates. In the U.S. we use a cash flow matching approach that uses projected cash flows matched to spot rates along a high quality corporate bond yield curve to determine the present value of cash flows to calculate a single equivalent discount rate. We apply individual annual yield curve rates to determine the service cost and interest cost for our pension and OPEB plans to more specifically link the cash flows related to service cost and interest cost to bonds maturing in their year of payment.

The benefit obligation for pension plans in Canada, the U.K. and Germany represents 92% of the non-U.S. pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2018. The discount rates for plans in Canada, the U.K. and Germany are determined using a cash flow matching approach similar to the U.S.

Plan Asset Valuation Due to the lack of timely available market information for certain investments in the asset classes described below as well as the inherent uncertainty of valuation, reported fair values may differ from fair values that would have been used had timely available market information been available.

Common and Preferred Stock Common and preferred stock for which market prices are readily available at the measurement date are valued at the last reported sale price or official closing price on the primary market or exchange on which they are actively traded and are classified in Level 1. Such equity securities for which the market is not considered to be active are valued via the use of observable inputs, which may include the use of adjusted market prices last available, bids or last available sales prices and/or other observable inputs and are classified in Level 2. Common and preferred stock classified in Level 3 are privately issued securities or other issues that are valued via the use of valuation models using significant unobservable inputs that generally consider aged (stale) pricing, earnings multiples, discounted cash flows and/or other qualitative and quantitative factors.

Debt Securities Valuations for debt securities are based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Debt securities priced via pricing services that utilize matrix pricing which considers readily observable inputs such as the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type as well as dealer supplied prices, are classified in Level 2. Debt securities that are typically priced by dealers and pricing services via the use of proprietary pricing models which incorporate significant unobservable inputs are classified in Level 3. These inputs primarily consist of yield and credit spread assumptions, discount rates, prepayment curves, default assumptions and recovery rates.

Investment Funds, Private Equity and Debt Investments and Real Estate Investments Investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments are valued based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) per Share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient to estimate fair value due to the absence of readily available market prices.

NAV's are provided by the respective investment sponsors or investment advisers and are subsequently reviewed and approved by management. In the event management concludes a reported NAV does not reflect fair value or is not determined as of the financial reporting measurement date, we will consider whether and when deemed necessary to make an adjustment at the balance sheet date. In determining whether an adjustment to the external valuation is required, we will review material factors that could affect the valuation, such as changes in the composition or performance of the underlying investments or comparable investments, overall market conditions, expected sale prices for private investments which are probable of being sold in the short-term and other economic factors that may possibly have a favorable or unfavorable effect on the reported external valuation.

Stock Incentive Plans Our stock incentive plans include RSUs, RSAs, PSUs, stock options and awards that may be settled in our stock, the stock of our subsidiaries or in cash. We measure and record compensation expense based on the fair value of GM or GM Cruise's common stock on the date of grant for RSUs, RSAs and PSUs and the grant date fair value, determined utilizing a lattice model or the Black-Scholes formula, for stock options and PSUs. RSUs granted in stock of GM Cruise vest upon satisfaction of both a service condition and a liquidity condition, defined as a change in control transaction or the consummation of an initial public offering. Compensation cost for awards that do not have an established accounting grant date, but for which the service inception date has been established, or are settled in cash is based on the fair value of GM or GM Cruise's common stock at the end of each reporting period. We record compensation cost for service-based RSUs, RSAs, PSUs and service-based stock options on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period, or for retirement eligible employees over the requisite service period. Compensation costs for RSUs granted in stock of GM Cruise are recorded when the liquidity condition described above is met. We use the graded vesting method to record compensation cost for stock options with market conditions over the lesser of the vesting period or the time period an employee becomes eligible to retain the award at retirement.

Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns The estimated costs related to product warranties are accrued at the time products are sold and are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of claims of each vehicle line or each model year of the vehicle line and assumptions about future activity and events. Revisions are made when necessary and are based on changes in these factors.

The estimated costs related to recall campaigns are accrued when probable and estimable, which is generally at the time of vehicle sale. In GMNA, we estimate the costs related to recall campaigns by applying a frequency times severity approach that considers the number of historical recall campaigns, the number of vehicles per recall campaign, the estimated number of vehicles to be repaired and the cost per vehicle for each recall campaign. The estimated costs associated with recall campaigns in other geographical regions are determined using the estimated costs of repairs and the estimated number of vehicles to be repaired. Costs associated with recall campaigns are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. Revisions are made when necessary based on changes in these factors.

Income Taxes The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recorded in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date under the law.

Deferred income tax assets are evaluated quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years.

Income tax expense (benefit) for the year is allocated between continuing operations and other categories of income such as Other comprehensive income (loss). In periods in which there is a pre-tax loss from continuing operations and pre-tax income in another income category, the tax benefit allocated to continuing operations is determined by taking into account the pre-tax income of other categories.

We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not criteria, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense (benefit).

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency as their functional currency are translated to U.S. Dollars based on the current exchange rate prevailing at each balance sheet date and any resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose local currency is not their functional currency are remeasured from their local currency to their functional currency and then translated to U.S. Dollars. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars using the average exchange rates prevailing for each period presented. The financial statements of any foreign subsidiary that has been identified as having a highly inflationary economy are remeasured as if the functional currency were the U.S. Dollar.

Gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions and the effects of remeasurements discussed in the preceding paragraph are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses unless related to Automotive debt, which are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses were $168 million, $52 million and $229 million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of each derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as an accounting hedge, as well as the type of hedging relationship identified. Derivative instruments are not used for trading or speculative purposes.

Automotive We utilize options, swaps and forward contracts to manage foreign currency, commodity price and interest rate risks. The change in fair value of option and forward contracts not designated as hedges is recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Cash flows for all derivative financial instruments are classified in cash flows from operating activities.

Certain foreign currency and commodity forward contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is the foreign currency and commodity price risk related to forecasted transactions. If the contract has been designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the cash flow hedge is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in Automotive and other cost of sales along with the earnings effect of the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings.

We estimate the fair value of the PSA warrants using a Black-Scholes formula. The significant inputs to the model include the PSA stock price and the estimated dividend yield. We are entitled to receive any dividends declared by PSA through the conversion date upon exercise of the warrants. Gains or losses as a result of the change in the fair value of the PSA warrants are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial GM Financial utilizes interest rate derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency derivative instruments to manage foreign currency risk. The change in fair value of the derivative instruments not designated as hedges is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Cash flows for all derivative financial instruments are classified in cash flows from operating activities.

Certain interest rate and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as fair value hedges. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate or the risk of changes in fair value attributable to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If the swap has been designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the hedged item are recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. The change in fair value of the related hedge is also recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses.

Certain interest rate swap and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is the interest rate and foreign currency risk related to forecasted transactions. If the contract has been designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the cash flow hedge is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses along with the earnings effect of the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded currently in earnings and are presented in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Effective January 1, 2018 we adopted ASU 2014-09, as incorporated into Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, on a modified retrospective basis by recognizing a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of Retained earnings. Under ASU 2014-09 sales incentives are recorded at the time of sale rather than at the later of sale or announcement, thereby resulting in the shifting of incentive amounts to an earlier quarter and fixed fee license arrangements are recognized when access to intellectual property is granted instead of over the contract period. The retiming of quarterly incentive amounts mainly offset for the year ended December 31, 2018. Actual incentive spending is dependent upon future market conditions.

Beginning January 1, 2018 certain transfers to daily rental companies are accounted for as sales when ownership of the vehicle is not expected to transfer back to us. Such transactions were previously accounted for as operating leases. Transfers that occurred prior to January 2018 continue to be accounted for as operating leases because at the original time of transfer an expectation existed that ownership of the vehicle would transfer back to us.

The following table summarizes the financial statement line items within our consolidated income statement and balance sheet significantly impacted by ASU 2014-09:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Income Statement
Automotive net sales and revenue	$	133,045	$	132,101	$	944
Automotive and other cost of sales	$	120,656	$	119,635	$	1,021
Income before income taxes	$	8,549	$	8,428	$	121
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	8,014	$	7,906	$	108



	December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Balance Sheet
Equipment on operating leases, net	$	247	$	1,182	$	(935	)
Deferred income taxes	$	24,082	$	23,652	$	430
Accrued liabilities	$	28,049	$	26,543	$	1,506
Other liabilities	$	12,357	$	12,792	$	(435	)
Retained earnings	$	22,322	$	23,550	$	(1,228	)

Effective January 1, 2018 we adopted ASU 2016-01, on a modified retrospective basis, with a $182 million cumulative effect adjustment recorded to the opening balance of Retained earnings to adjust an investment previously carried at cost to its fair value. ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting to be measured at fair value with changes recognized in Net income.

In the three months ended March 31, 2018 we adopted ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" (ASU 2017-12), on a modified retrospective basis and adopted ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (ASU 2018-02), on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2018-02 provides the option to reclassify stranded tax effects related to the Tax Act in accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The adjustment relates to the change in the U.S. corporate income tax rate. The cumulative effect of the adjustments to the opening balance of Retained earnings for these adopted standards was $108 million.

The following table summarizes the changes to our consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-02:



	December 31, 2017			Adjustment due to ASU 2014-09			Adjustment due to ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-02			January 1, 2018
Deferred income taxes	$	23,544		$	444		$	(63	)	$	23,925
Other assets	$	4,929		$	195		$	242		$	5,366
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	24,450		$	—		$	(13	)	$	24,437
Accrued liabilities	$	25,996		$	2,328		$	—		$	28,324
Other liabilities	$	12,394		$	(235	)	$	—		$	12,159
Retained earnings	$	17,627		$	(1,336	)	$	290		$	16,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(8,011	)	$	—		$	(98	)	$	(8,109	)

Effective January 1, 2018 we adopted ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Payments" (ASU 2016-15), which clarified guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and prior periods were not restated.

Effective January 1, 2018 we adopted ASU 2017-07, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" (ASU 2017-07) on a retrospective basis, which requires that the service cost component of net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense be presented in the same income statement line item as other employee compensation costs. The remaining components of net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense are now presented outside operating income. Amounts previously reflected in Operating income were reclassified to Interest income and other non-operating income, net in accordance with the provisions of ASU 2017-07. Refer to Note 15 for amounts that were reclassified.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In February 2016 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" (ASU 2016-02), which requires us as the lessee to recognize most leases on the balance sheet thereby resulting in the recognition of right of use assets and lease obligations for those leases currently classified as operating leases. The accounting for leases where we are the lessor remains largely unchanged. ASU 2016-02 became effective for us on January 1, 2019 and we elected the optional transition method as well as the package of practical expedients upon adoption. While we are still finalizing our adoption procedures, we estimate the primary impact to our consolidated financial position upon adoption will be the recognition, on a discounted basis, of our minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases on our consolidated balance sheets resulting in the recording of right of use assets and lease obligations for approximately $1.0 billion.

In June 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" (ASU 2016-13), which requires entities to use a new impairment model based on Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) rather than incurred losses. We plan to adopt ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 on a modified retrospective basis, which will result in an increase to our allowance for credit losses and a decrease to Retained earnings as of the adoption date. Estimated credit losses under CECL will consider relevant information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, resulting in recognition of lifetime expected credit losses upon loan origination. We are currently evaluating new processes to calculate credit losses in accordance with ASU 2016-13 that, once completed, will determine the impact on our consolidated financial statements at the date of adoption.

Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for revenue generating segments:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	107,217	$	17,980	$	20	$	125,217	$	—	$	(62	)	$	125,155
Used vehicles	3,215		175		—		3,390		—		(36		)	3,354
Services and other	3,360		993		183		4,536		—		—			4,536
Automotive net sales and revenue	113,792		19,148		203		133,143		—		(98		)	133,045
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		9,963		—			9,963
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		3,629		(8		)	3,621
Other income	—		—		—		—		424		(4		)	420
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		14,016		(12		)	14,004
Net sales and revenue	$	113,792	$	19,148	$	203	$	133,143	$	14,016	$	(110	)	$	147,049

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Adjustments to sales incentives for previously recognized sales were insignificant during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Contract liabilities in our Automotive segments consist primarily of maintenance, extended warranty and other service contracts. We recognized revenue of $1.4 billion related to contract liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2018. We expect to recognize revenue of $1.5 billion, $509 million and $626 million in the years ending December 31, 2019, 2020 and thereafter related to contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018.

Marketable and Other Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Marketable and Other Securities

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities which approximates cost:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits(a)		$	7,254	$	6,962
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	4,656		750
Corporate debt	2	3,791		3,032
Sovereign debt	2	1,976		1,954
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		10,423		5,736
Money market funds	1	3,167		2,814
Total cash and cash equivalents(b)		$	20,844	$	15,512
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	1,230	$	3,310
Corporate debt	2	3,478		3,665
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	695		635
Sovereign debt	2	563		703
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities		$	5,966	$	8,313
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	260	$	219
Money market funds	1	2,392		2,117
Total restricted cash		$	2,652	$	2,336

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(c)
Due in one year or less		$	11,288
Due between one and five years		4,406
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	15,694

__________


(a)	Includes $616 million that is designated exclusively to fund capital expenditures in GM Korea at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(b)	Includes $2.3 billion in GM Cruise at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(c)	Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Proceeds from the sale of investments classified as available-for-sale and sold prior to maturity were $4.3 billion, $5.6 billion and $8.5 billion in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Cumulative unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities were insignificant at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Investments in equity securities where market quotations are not available that are accounted for at fair value primarily use Level 3 inputs. We recorded an unrealized gain of $142 million in Interest income and other non-operating income, net in the year ended December 31, 2018 to adjust an investment in an equity security to a fair value of $884 million at December 31, 2018.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	20,844	$	15,512
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,083		1,745
Restricted cash included in Other assets	569		591
Total	$	23,496	$	17,848

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

GM Financial [Member]

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions



	December 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	Retail			Commercial(a)			Total			Retail			Commercial(a)			Total
Finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees	$	38,220		$	12,235		$	50,455		$	30,486		$	9,935		$	40,421
Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees	2,348			41			2,389			2,228			22			2,250
GM Financial receivables	40,568			12,276			52,844			32,714			9,957			42,671
Less: allowance for loan losses	(844		)	(67		)	(911		)	(889		)	(53		)	(942		)
GM Financial receivables, net	$	39,724		$	12,209		$	51,933		$	31,825		$	9,904		$	41,729

Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 2 inputs							$	12,209								$	9,904
Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 3 inputs							$	39,430								$	31,831

__________


(a)	Net of dealer cash management balances of $922 million and $536 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	942		$	805		$	749
Provision for loan losses	642			757			644
Charge-offs	(1,199		)	(1,173		)	(1,137		)
Recoveries	536			552			542
Effect of foreign currency	(10		)	1			7
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	911		$	942		$	805

The allowance for loan losses on retail and commercial finance receivables included a collective allowance of $586 million, $611 million and $525 million and a specific allowance of $325 million, $331 million and $280 million at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Retail Finance Receivables We use proprietary scoring systems in the underwriting process that measure the credit quality of retail finance receivables using several factors, such as credit bureau information, consumer credit risk scores (e.g. FICO score or its equivalent) and contract characteristics. We also consider other factors such as employment history, financial stability and capacity to pay. Subsequent to origination we review the credit quality of retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 25% and 33% of retail finance receivables were from consumers with sub-prime credit scores, which are defined as a FICO score or its equivalent of less than 620 at the time of loan origination.

We purchase retail finance contracts from automobile dealers without recourse, and accordingly, the dealer has no liability to GM Financial if the consumer defaults on the contract. Finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and GM Financial has the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the consumer defaults on the payment terms of the contract.

An account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date the payment was contractually due. The accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on delinquent retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $888 million and $778 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The following table summarizes the contractual amount of delinquent retail finance receivables, which is not significantly different than the recorded investment of the retail finance receivables:



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amount		Percent of Contractual Amount Due		Amount		Percent of Contractual Amount Due
31-to-60 days delinquent	$	1,349	3.3	%	$	1,334	4.1	%
Greater-than-60 days delinquent	547		1.4	%	559		1.7	%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	1,896		4.7	%	1,893		5.8	%
In repossession	44		0.1	%	27		—	%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	$	1,940	4.8	%	$	1,920	5.8	%

Retail finance receivables classified as TDRs and individually evaluated for impairment were $2.3 billion and $2.2 billion and the allowance for loan losses included $321 million and $328 million of specific allowances on these receivables at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Commercial Finance Receivables Our commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings, primarily for inventory purchases. Proprietary models are used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. We perform periodic credit reviews of each dealership and adjust the dealership's risk rating, if necessary. Dealers in Group VI are subject to additional restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The commercial finance receivables on non-accrual status were insignificant at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The following table summarizes the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of the commercial finance receivables:



		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Group I	– Dealers with superior financial metrics	$	2,192	$	1,915
Group II	– Dealers with strong financial metrics	4,399		3,465
Group III	– Dealers with fair financial metrics	4,064		3,239
Group IV	– Dealers with weak financial metrics	1,116		997
Group V	– Dealers warranting special mention due to elevated risks	422		260
Group VI	– Dealers with loans classified as substandard, doubtful or impaired	83		81
		$	12,276	$	9,957

Transactions with GM Financial The following table shows transactions between our Automotive segments and GM Financial. These amounts are presented in GM Financial's consolidated balance sheets and statements of income. All balance sheet amounts in the table below are eliminated.



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Commercial finance receivables, net due from GM consolidated dealers	$	445	$	355
Direct-financing lease receivables from GM subsidiaries	$	134	$	88
Subvention receivable(a)	$	727	$	306
Commercial loan funding payable	$	61	$	90



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Consolidated Statements of Income
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	$	554	$	492	$	387
Leased vehicle subvention earned	$	3,274	$	3,046	$	2,232

__________


(a)	Cash paid by Automotive segments to GM Financial for subvention was $3.8 billion, $4.3 billion, and $4.2 billion during 2018, 2017 and 2016.

GM Financial’s Board of Directors declared and paid a dividend of $375 million on its common stock in October 2018; and paid a special dividend of $550 million to GM in November 2017 following the sale of the Fincos.

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$	4,274	$	4,203
Finished product, including service parts	5,542		6,460
Total inventories	$	9,816	$	10,663

Equipment on Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Vehicles [Member]

Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]

Equipment on Operating Leases

Equipment on operating leases consists of leases to retail customers that are recorded as operating leases and vehicle sales to daily rental car companies with an actual or expected repurchase obligation.



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Equipment on operating leases	$	55,282		$	53,947
Less: accumulated depreciation	(11,476		)	(9,959		)
Equipment on operating leases, net(a)	$	43,806		$	43,988

__________


(a)	Includes $43.6 billion and $42.9 billion of GM Financial Equipment on operating leases, net at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Depreciation expense related to Equipment on operating leases, net was $7.5 billion, $6.7 billion and $4.7 billion in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

The following table summarizes minimum rental payments due to GM Financial on leases to retail customers:



	Years Ending December 31,
	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total
Minimum rental receipts under operating leases	$	6,733	$	4,141	$	1,568	$	155	$	9	$	12,606

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Equity in Net Assets of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Nonconsolidated affiliates are entities in which an equity ownership interest is maintained and for which the equity method of accounting is used due to our ability to exert significant influence over decisions relating to their operating and financial affairs. Revenue and expenses of our joint ventures are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Automotive China equity income	$	1,981	$	1,976	$	1,973
Other joint ventures equity income	182		156		309
Total Equity income	$	2,163	$	2,132	$	2,282

Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Automotive China carrying amount	$	7,779	$	7,832
Other investments carrying amount	1,436		1,241
Total equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	9,215	$	9,073

The carrying amount of our investments in certain joint ventures exceeded our share of the underlying net assets by $4.4 billion and $4.3 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017 due primarily to goodwill from the application of fresh-start reporting and the purchase of additional interests in nonconsolidated affiliates.

The following table summarizes our direct ownership interests in our China JVs:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Automotive China JVs
SAIC General Motors Corp., Ltd. (SGM)	50	%	50	%
FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. (FAW-GM)	50	%	50	%
Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.	50	%	50	%
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd.	49	%	49	%
SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW)	44	%	44	%
Shanghai OnStar Telematics Co., Ltd. (Shanghai OnStar)	40	%	40	%
SAIC GM (Shenyang) Norsom Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM Norsom)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM DY)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Powertrain Co., Ltd. (SGM DYPT)	25	%	25	%
Other joint ventures
SAIC-GMAC	35	%	35	%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.	35	%

SGM is a joint venture we established with Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) (50%). SGM has interests in three other joint ventures in China: SGM Norsom, SGM DY and SGM DYPT. These three joint ventures are jointly held by SGM (50%), SAIC (25%) and ourselves. These four joint ventures are engaged in the production, import and sale of a range of products under the Buick, Chevrolet and Cadillac brands. SGM also has interests in Shanghai OnStar (20%), SAIC-GMAC (20%) and SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. (20%). Shanghai Automotive Group Finance Company Ltd., a subsidiary of SAIC, owns 45% of SAIC-GMAC. SAIC Financial Holdings Company, a subsidiary of SAIC, owns 45% of SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates



	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Automotive China JVs		Others		Total		Automotive China JVs		Others		Total
Summarized Balance Sheet Data
Current assets	$	16,506	$	16,234	$	32,740	$	17,370	$	13,484	$	30,854
Non-current assets	14,012		3,870		17,882		14,188		3,409		17,597
Total assets	$	30,518	$	20,104	$	50,622	$	31,558	$	16,893	$	48,451

Current liabilities	$	21,574	$	13,985	$	35,559	$	22,642	$	12,255	$	34,897
Non-current liabilities	1,689		2,826		4,515		1,639		1,903		3,542
Total liabilities	$	23,263	$	16,811	$	40,074	$	24,281	$	14,158	$	38,439

Noncontrolling interests	$	865	$	1	$	866	$	871	$	1	$	872



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Summarized Operating Data
Automotive China JVs' net sales	$	50,316	$	50,065	$	47,150
Others' net sales	1,721		2,542		2,412
Total net sales	$	52,037	$	52,607	$	49,562

Automotive China JVs' net income	$	3,992	$	3,984	$	4,117
Others' net income	536		648		378
Total net income	$	4,528	$	4,632	$	4,495

Transactions with Nonconsolidated Affiliates Our nonconsolidated affiliates are involved in various aspects of the development, production and marketing of trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts. We enter into transactions with certain nonconsolidated affiliates to purchase and sell component parts and vehicles. The following tables summarize transactions with and balances related to our nonconsolidated affiliates:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Automotive sales and revenue	$	406	$	923	$	889
Automotive purchases, net	$	1,155	$	674	$	803
Dividends received	$	2,022	$	2,000	$	2,120
Operating cash flows	$	657	$	2,321	$	2,512



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts and notes receivable, net	$	979	$	780
Accounts payable	$	163	$	534
Undistributed earnings	$	2,331	$	2,184

Property

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Property



	Estimated Useful Lives in Years	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Land		$	1,349		$	1,647
Buildings and improvements	5-40	9,173			7,471
Machinery and equipment	3-27	26,453			23,915
Special tools	1-13	23,828			21,113
Construction in progress		4,680			6,188
Total property		65,483			60,334
Less: accumulated depreciation		(26,725		)	(24,081		)
Total property, net		$	38,758		$	36,253

The amount of capitalized software included in Property, net was $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	5,347	$	4,966	$	4,622
Impairment charges	$	466	$	199	$	68
Capitalized software amortization expense(a)	$	424	$	459	$	458

__________


(a)	Included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill of $1.9 billion consisted of $1.4 billion recorded in GM Financial and $504 million and $490 million included in GM Cruise at December 31, 2018 and 2017.



	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property	$	734	$	457	$	277	$	8,092	$	7,735	$	357
Brands	4,299		1,165		3,134		4,302		1,044		3,258
Dealer network, customer relationships and other	968		661		307		1,310		933		377
Total intangible assets	$	6,001	$	2,283	$	3,718	$	13,704	$	9,712	$	3,992

Our amortization expense related to intangible assets was $247 million, $278 million, and $325 million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $184 million in each of the next five years.

We removed $7.7 billion of fully amortized intangible assets in the year ended December 31, 2018 which are no longer in use and provide no remaining economic benefit.

Variable Interest Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

GM Financial uses special purpose entities (SPEs) that are considered VIEs to issue variable funding notes to third party bank-sponsored warehouse facilities or asset-backed securities to investors in securitization transactions. The debt issued by these VIEs is backed by finance receivables and leasing related assets transferred to the VIEs (Securitized Assets). GM Financial determined that it is the primary beneficiary of the SPEs because the servicing responsibilities for the Securitized Assets give GM Financial the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIEs and the variable interests in the VIEs give GM Financial the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive residual returns that could potentially be significant. The assets serve as the sole source of repayment for the debt issued by these entities. Investors in the notes issued by the VIEs do not have recourse to GM Financial or its other assets, with the exception of customary representation and warranty repurchase provisions and indemnities that GM Financial provides as the servicer. GM Financial is not required and does not currently intend to provide additional financial support to these SPEs. While these subsidiaries are included in GM Financial's consolidated financial statements, they are separate legal entities and their assets are legally owned by them and are not available to GM Financial's creditors. The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to GM Financial's consolidated VIEs:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Restricted cash – current	$	1,876	$	1,740
Restricted cash – non-current	$	504	$	527
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	$	18,304	$	15,141
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	$	14,008	$	12,944
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	$	21,781	$	22,222
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	21,087	$	18,972
GM Financial long-term debt	$	21,417	$	20,356

GM Financial recognizes finance charge, leased vehicle and fee income on the Securitized Assets and interest expense on the secured debt issued in a securitization transaction and records a provision for loan losses to recognize probable loan losses inherent in the finance receivables.

Accrued and Other Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued and Other Liabilities



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$	11,611	$	8,523
Deposits primarily from rental car companies	405		2,113
Deferred revenue	3,504		3,400
Product warranty and related liabilities	2,788		2,994
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	2,233		2,594
Other	7,508		6,372
Total accrued liabilities	$	28,049	$	25,996

Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	$	2,959	$	2,887
Product warranty and related liabilities	4,802		5,338
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	658		680
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	875		574
Other	3,063		2,915
Total other liabilities	$	12,357	$	12,394



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$	8,332		$	9,069		$	8,550
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	665			678			899
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	2,143			2,123			2,338
Payments	(2,903		)	(3,129		)	(3,375		)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	(464		)	(495		)	636
Effect of foreign currency and other	(183		)	86			21
Warranty balance at end of period	$	7,590		$	8,332		$	9,069

We estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued for recall campaigns to be insignificant at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 16 for reasonably possible losses on Takata matters.

Automotive and GM Financial Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Automotive and GM Financial Debt



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Secured debt	$	143		$	204
Unsecured debt	13,292			12,579
Capital leases	528			719
Total automotive debt(a)	$	13,963		$	13,502

Fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs	$	11,693		$	13,202
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs	1,838			1,886
Fair value of automotive debt	$	13,531		$	15,088

Available under credit facility agreements	$	14,167		$	14,067
Interest rate range on outstanding debt(b)	0.0-18.5%			0.0-21.8%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt(b)	6.6		%	4.7		%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt(b)	5.2		%	5.2		%

__________


(a)	Includes net discount and debt issuance costs of $499 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017.


(b)	Includes coupon rates on debt denominated in various foreign currencies and interest free loans and the impact of reclassification of $1.5 billion of senior unsecured notes from long-term to short-term in the year ended December 31, 2017.

In April 2018 we amended and restated our two existing revolving credit facilities and entered into a third facility, increasing our aggregate borrowing capacity from $14.5 billion to $16.5 billion. These facilities consist of a 364-day, $2.0 billion facility, a three-year, $4.0 billion facility and a five-year, $10.5 billion facility. The facilities are available to us as well as certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, including GM Financial. The three-year, $4.0 billion facility allows for borrowings in U.S. Dollars and other currencies and includes a letter of credit sub-facility of $1.1 billion. The five-year, $10.5 billion facility allows for borrowings in U.S. Dollars and other currencies. The 364-day, $2.0 billion facility allows for borrowing in U.S. Dollars only. We have allocated the 364-day, $2.0 billion facility for exclusive use by GM Financial.

In September 2018 we issued $2.1 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes with an initial weighted average interest rate of 5.03% and maturity dates ranging from 2021 to 2049. The notes are governed by the same indenture that was used in past issuances, which contains terms and covenants customary of these types of securities including limitations on the amount of certain secured debt we may incur. The net proceeds from the issuance of these senior unsecured notes were used to repay $1.5 billion of debt in October 2018 upon maturity, pre-fund $584 million in certain mandatory contributions for our U.K. and Canada pension plans due in 2019 through 2021, and for other general corporate purposes.

In January 2019 we entered into a new three-year committed unsecured revolving credit facility with an initial borrowing capacity of $3.0 billion, reducing to $2.0 billion in July 2020. The facility will be used to fund costs related to the transformation activities announced in November 2018 and to provide additional financial flexibility.



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	42,835	$	42,835	$	39,887	$	39,948
Unsecured debt	48,153		47,556		40,830		41,989
Total GM Financial debt	$	90,988	$	90,391	$	80,717	$	81,937

Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	88,305			$	79,623
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs			$	2,086			$	2,314

Secured debt consists of revolving credit facilities and securitization notes payable. Most of the secured debt was issued by VIEs and is repayable only from proceeds related to the underlying pledged Securitized Assets. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on GM Financial's involvement with VIEs. GM Financial is required to hold certain funds in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for borrowings under certain secured credit facilities. The weighted-average interest rate on secured debt was 2.85% at December 31, 2018. The revolving credit facilities have maturity dates ranging from 2019 to 2024 and securitization notes payable have maturity dates ranging from 2019 to 2026. At the end of the revolving period, if not renewed, the debt of revolving credit facilities will amortize over a defined period. In the year ended December 31, 2018 GM Financial entered into new or renewed credit facilities with a total net additional borrowing capacity of $695 million, which had substantially the same terms as existing debt and GM Financial issued $22.8 billion in aggregate principal amount of securitization notes payable with an initial weighted average interest rate of 3.00% and maturity dates ranging from 2020 to 2026.

Unsecured debt consists of senior notes, credit facilities and other unsecured debt. Senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2018 are due beginning in 2019 through 2028 and have a weighted-average interest rate of 3.40%. In the year ended December 31, 2018 GM Financial issued $8.6 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior notes with an initial weighted average interest rate of 3.36% and maturity dates ranging from 2020 to 2028.

In January 2019 GM Financial issued $2.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior notes with an initial weighted average interest rate of 5.03% and maturity dates ranging from 2021 to 2029.

In January 2019 GM Financial issued €850 million of Euro Medium Term Notes under the Euro Medium Term Note Programme with an interest rate of 2.20% due in 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, GM Financial launched an unsecured commercial paper notes program in the U.S. At December 31, 2018, the principal amount outstanding of GM Financial's commercial paper in the U.S. was $1.2 billion.

Each of the revolving credit facilities and the indentures governing GM Financial's notes contain terms and covenants including limitations on GM Financial's ability to incur certain liens.

The terms of advances on credit facilities and other unsecured debt have original maturities of up to four years. The weighted-average interest rate on credit facilities and other unsecured debt was 5.98% at December 31, 2018.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Automotive interest expense	$	655	$	575	$	563
Automotive Financing - GM Financial interest expense	3,225		2,566		1,972
Total interest expense	$	3,880	$	3,141	$	2,535

The following table summarizes contractual maturities including capital leases at December 31, 2018:



	Automotive		Automotive Financing(a)		Total
2019	$	949	$	31,045	$	31,994
2020	589		23,153		23,742
2021	505		15,038		15,543
2022	49		7,430		7,479
2023	1,544		5,083		6,627
Thereafter	10,826		9,937		20,763
	$	14,462	$	91,686	$	106,148

________


(a)	Secured debt, credit facilities and other unsecured debt are based on expected payoff date. Senior notes principal amounts are based on maturity.

At December 31, 2018 future interest payments on automotive capital lease obligations were $565 million. GM Financial had no capital lease obligations at December 31, 2018.

Compliance with Debt Covenants Several of our loan facilities, including our revolving credit facilities, require compliance with certain financial and operational covenants as well as regular reporting to lenders, including providing certain subsidiary financial statements. Certain of GM Financial’s secured debt agreements also contain various covenants, including maintaining portfolio performance ratios as well as limits on deferment levels. GM Financial’s unsecured debt obligations contain covenants including limitations on GM Financial's ability to incur certain liens. Failure to meet certain of these requirements may result in a covenant violation or an event of default depending on the terms of the agreement. An event of default may allow lenders to declare amounts outstanding under these agreements immediately due and payable, to enforce their interests against collateral pledged under these agreements or restrict our ability or GM Financial's ability to obtain additional borrowings. No technical defaults or covenant violations existed at December 31, 2018.

Derivative Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

Automotive The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative financial instruments in our automotive operations:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Foreign currency	2	$	2,710	$	4,022
Commodity	2	658		606
PSA Warrants(b)	2	45		48
Total derivative financial instruments		$	3,413	$	4,676

__________


(a)	The fair value of these derivative instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the gains/losses included in our consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were insignificant, unless otherwise noted.


(b)	The fair value of the PSA warrants located in Other assets was $827 million and $764 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. We recorded insignificant amounts in Interest income and other non-operating income, net for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

GM Financial The following table presents the notional amounts of GM Financial's derivative financial instruments:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedges(a)(b)
Fair value hedges – interest rate swaps(c)	2	$	9,533	$	11,110
Fair value hedges – foreign currency swaps(c)	2	1,829		—
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	768		2,177
Foreign currency swaps	2	2,075		1,574
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)(b)
Interest rate contracts(d)	2	99,666		81,938
Foreign currency swaps	2	—		1,201
Total derivative financial instruments(e)		$	113,871	$	98,000

__________


(a)	The fair value of these derivative instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the gains/losses included in our consolidated income statements and statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were insignificant, unless otherwise noted.


(b)	Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net receivable position are included in Other assets. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net payable position are included in Other liabilities.


(c)	The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other liabilities was $291 million and $290 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other assets were insignificant at December 31, 2018 and 2017.


(d)	The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other assets was $372 million and $329 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other liabilities was $520 million and $207 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017.


(e)	We held insignificant amounts and posted $451 million and $299 million of collateral available for netting at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The fair value for Level 2 instruments was derived using the market approach based on observable market inputs including quoted prices of similar instruments and foreign exchange and interest rate forward curves.

The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:



	December 31, 2018
	Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)
GM Financial long-term debt	$	17,923	$	459

__________


(a)	Includes $247 million of adjustments remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued.

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits

Employee Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Pension Plans Defined benefit pension plans covering eligible U.S. hourly employees (hired prior to October 2007) and Canadian hourly employees (hired prior to October 2016) generally provide benefits of negotiated, stated amounts for each year of service and supplemental benefits for employees who retire with 30 years of service before normal retirement age. The benefits provided by the defined benefit pension plans covering eligible U.S. (hired prior to January 1, 2001) and Canadian salaried employees and employees in certain other non-U.S. locations are generally based on years of service and compensation history. Accrual of defined pension benefits ceased in 2012 for U.S. and Canadian salaried employees. There is also an unfunded nonqualified pension plan covering primarily U.S. executives for service prior to January 1, 2007 and it is based on an “excess plan” for service after that date.

The funding policy for qualified defined benefit pension plans is to contribute annually not less than the minimum required by applicable laws and regulations or to directly pay benefit payments where appropriate. In the year ended December 31, 2018 all legal funding requirements were met and we contributed $584 million to pre-fund U.K. and Canada pension plans. In the year ended December 31, 2016 we made a discretionary contribution to our U.S. hourly pension plan of $2.0 billion. The following table summarizes contributions made to the defined benefit pension plans:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
U.S. hourly and salaried	$	76	$	77	$	2,054
Non-U.S.	1,624		1,153		1,022
Total	$	1,700	$	1,230	$	3,076

We expect to contribute approximately $70 million to our U.S. non-qualified plans and approximately $600 million to our non-U.S. pension plans in 2019.

Based on our current assumptions, over the next five years we expect no significant mandatory contributions to our U.S. qualified pension plans and mandatory contributions totaling $310 million to our U.K. and Canada pension plans.

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Certain hourly and salaried defined benefit plans provide postretirement medical, dental, legal service and life insurance to eligible U.S. and Canadian retirees and their eligible dependents. Certain other non-U.S. subsidiaries have postretirement benefit plans, although most non-U.S. employees are covered by government sponsored or administered programs. We made contributions to the U.S. OPEB plans of $325 million, $323 million and $335 million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Plan participants' contributions were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Defined Contribution Plans We have defined contribution plans for eligible U.S. salaried and hourly employees that provide discretionary matching contributions. Contributions are also made to certain non-U.S. defined contribution plans. We made contributions to our defined contribution plans of $617 million, $650 million and $589 million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Significant Plan Amendments, Benefit Modifications and Related Events

Other Remeasurements The SOA issued mortality improvement tables in the three months ended December 31, 2018. We reviewed our recent mortality experience and have updated our base mortality assumptions in the U.S. This change in assumption decreased the December 31, 2018 U.S. pension and OPEB plans' obligations by $264 million. We determined our current mortality improvement assumptions are appropriate to measure our December 31, 2018 U.S. pension and OPEB plans obligations. We incorporated the mortality improvement tables issued by the SOA in the three months ended December 31, 2016 that lowered life expectancies and thereby indicated the amount of estimated aggregate benefit payments to our U.S. pension plans' participants was decreasing. This change in assumption decreased the December 31, 2016 U.S. pension and OPEB plans' obligations by $888 million.

Pension and OPEB Obligations and Plan Assets



	Year Ended December 31, 2018									Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	68,450		$	22,789		$	6,374		$	68,827		$	21,156		$	6,180
Service cost	209			149			20			203			180			19
Interest cost	2,050			464			195			2,145			473			202
Actuarial (gains) losses	(4,449		)	(272		)	(389		)	2,885			561			311
Benefits paid	(4,898		)	(1,595		)	(388		)	(5,067		)	(1,369		)	(426		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			(1,452		)	(106		)	—			1,953			78
Curtailments, settlements and other	(172		)	(179		)	38			(543		)	(165		)	10
Ending benefit obligation	61,190			19,904			5,744			68,450			22,789			6,374
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	62,639			14,495			—			61,622			12,799			—
Actual return on plan assets	(1,419		)	301			—			6,549			1,025			—
Employer contributions	76			1,624			369			77			1,153			406
Benefits paid	(4,898		)	(1,595		)	(388		)	(5,067		)	(1,369		)	(426		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			(1,106		)	—			—			1,007			—
Settlements and other	(296		)	(191		)	19			(542		)	(120		)	20
Ending fair value of plan assets	56,102			13,528			—			62,639			14,495			—
Ending funded status	$	(5,088	)	$	(6,376	)	$	(5,744	)	$	(5,811	)	$	(8,294	)	$	(6,374	)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	—		$	496		$	—		$	—		$	67		$	—
Current liabilities	(73		)	(349		)	(374		)	(71		)	(355		)	(376		)
Non-current liabilities	(5,015		)	(6,523		)	(5,370		)	(5,740		)	(8,006		)	(5,998		)
Net amount recorded	$	(5,088	)	$	(6,376	)	$	(5,744	)	$	(5,811	)	$	(8,294	)	$	(6,374	)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial gain (loss)	$	(752	)	$	(3,983	)	$	(752	)	$	114		$	(4,163	)	$	(1,186	)
Net prior service (cost) credit	19			(64		)	34			23			(26		)	55
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(733	)	$	(4,047	)	$	(718	)	$	137		$	(4,189	)	$	(1,131	)

The following table summarizes the total accumulated benefit obligations (ABO), the ABO and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with ABO in excess of plan assets, and the PBO and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with PBO in excess of plan assets:



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	61,177	$	19,822	$	68,437	$	22,650
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	61,177	$	10,289	$	68,437	$	21,679
Fair value of plan assets	$	56,102	$	3,485	$	62,639	$	13,408
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	61,190	$	10,356	$	68,450	$	21,822
Fair value of plan assets	$	56,102	$	3,485	$	62,639	$	13,411

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018									Year Ended December 31, 2017									Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans
Components of expense
Service cost	$	330		$	163		$	20		$	315		$	199		$	19		$	381		$	273		$	18
Interest cost	2,050			464			195			2,145			473			202			2,212			527			201
Expected return on plan assets	(3,890		)	(825		)	—			(3,677		)	(750		)	—			(3,778		)	(733		)	—
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	10			144			54			(6		)	157			23			(25		)	137			19
Curtailments, settlements and other	(19		)	43			(19		)	(37		)	8			(5		)	(4		)	16			(13		)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(1,519	)	$	(11	)	$	250		$	(1,260	)	$	87		$	239		$	(1,214	)	$	220		$	225
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	4.22		%	2.86		%	4.19		%	3.53		%	2.66		%	3.52		%	3.92		%	2.88		%	3.93		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	3.19		%	2.99		%	3.29		%	3.35		%	2.94		%	3.39		%	3.36		%	3.14		%	3.49		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.61		%	6.09		%	N/A			6.23		%	5.82		%	N/A			6.33		%	6.07		%	N/A

_________


(a)	The rate of compensation increase does not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

The non-service cost components of the net periodic pension and OPEB income of $1.7 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.3 billion in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are presented in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Refer to Note 2 for additional details on the adoption of ASU 2017-07.

U.S. pension plan service cost includes administrative expenses and Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation premiums which were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense are determined at the beginning of the period and updated for remeasurements. Non-U.S. pension plan administrative expenses included in service cost were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Estimated amounts to be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in the year ending December 31, 2019 based on December 31, 2018 plan measurements are $129 million, consisting primarily of amortization of the net actuarial loss in the non-U.S. pension plans.

Assumptions

Investment Strategies and Long-Term Rate of Return Detailed periodic studies are conducted by our internal asset management group as well as outside actuaries and are used to determine the long-term strategic mix among asset classes, risk mitigation strategies and the expected long-term return on asset assumptions for the U.S. pension plans. The U.S. study includes a review of alternative asset allocation and risk mitigation strategies, anticipated future long-term performance and risk of the individual asset classes that comprise the plans' asset mix. Similar studies are performed for the significant non-U.S. pension plans with the assistance of outside actuaries and asset managers. While the studies incorporate data from recent plan performance and historical returns, the expected long-term return on plan asset assumptions are determined based on long-term prospective rates of return.

We continue to pursue various options to fund and de-risk our pension plans, including continued changes to the pension asset portfolio mix to reduce funded status volatility. The strategic asset mix and risk mitigation strategies for the plans are tailored specifically for each plan. Individual plans have distinct liabilities, liquidity needs and regulatory requirements. Consequently there are different investment policies set by individual plan fiduciaries. Although investment policies and risk mitigation strategies may differ among plans, each investment strategy is considered to be appropriate in the context of the specific factors affecting each plan.

In setting new strategic asset mixes, consideration is given to the likelihood that the selected asset mixes will effectively fund the projected pension plan liabilities, while aligning with the risk tolerance of the plans' fiduciaries. The strategic asset mixes for U.S. defined benefit pension plans are increasingly designed to satisfy the competing objectives of improving funded positions (market value of assets equal to or greater than the present value of the liabilities) and mitigating the possibility of a deterioration in funded status.

Derivatives may be used to provide cost effective solutions for rebalancing investment portfolios, increasing or decreasing exposure to various asset classes and for mitigating risks, primarily interest rate, equity and currency risks. Equity and fixed income managers are permitted to utilize derivatives as efficient substitutes for traditional securities. Interest rate derivatives may be used to adjust portfolio duration to align with a plan's targeted investment policy and equity derivatives may be used to protect equity positions from downside market losses. Alternative investment managers are permitted to employ leverage, including through the use of derivatives, which may alter economic exposure.

In December 2018 an investment policy study was completed for the U.S. pension plans. As a result of changes to our capital market assumptions, the weighted-average long-term rate of return on assets decreased from 6.6% at December 31, 2017 to 6.4% at December 31, 2018. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in determining pension expense for non-U.S. plans is determined in a similar manner to the U.S. plans.

Target Allocation Percentages The following table summarizes the target allocations by asset category for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
Equity	12	%	14	%	15	%	18	%
Debt	64	%	66	%	61	%	56	%
Other(a)	24	%	20	%	24	%	26	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

__________


(a)	Primarily includes private equity, real estate and absolute return strategies which mainly consist of hedge funds.

Assets and Fair Value Measurements The following tables summarize the fair value of U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets by asset class:



	December 31, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
U.S. Pension Plan Assets
Common and preferred stocks	$	4,914	$	18	$	2	$	4,934	$	8,892	$	17	$	2	$	8,911
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		12,077		—		12,077		—		12,116		—		12,116
Corporate and other debt securities	—		24,645		—		24,645		—		26,122		—		26,122
Other investments, net	350		80		371		801		552		119		395		1,066
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	5,264	$	36,820	$	373	42,457		$	9,444	$	38,374	$	397	48,215
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							6,465								6,632
Private equity and debt investments							3,021								3,539
Real estate investments							3,504								3,351
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							12,990								13,522
Other plan assets, net(b)							655								902
Net plan assets							$	56,102							$	62,639



	December 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets
Common and preferred stocks	$	441	$	1	$	5	$	447		$	578	$	1	$	6	$	585
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		3,640		—		3,640			—		3,853		—		3,853
Corporate and other debt securities	—		2,589		1		2,590			—		2,566		—		2,566
Other investments, net	59		128		242		429			23		149		438		610
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	500	$	6,358	$	248	7,106			$	601	$	6,569	$	444	7,614
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							5,081									5,346
Private equity and debt investments							526									570
Real estate investments							980									1,097
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							6,587									7,013
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(b)							(165		)							(132		)
Net plan assets							$	13,528								$	14,495

__________


(a)	Includes U.S. and sovereign government and agency issues.


(b)	Cash held by the plans, net of amounts receivable/payable for unsettled security transactions and payables for investment manager fees, custody fees and other expenses.

The activity attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. Level 3 defined benefit pension plan investments was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Investment Fund Strategies Investment funds include hedge funds, funds of hedge funds, equity funds and fixed income funds. Hedge funds and funds of hedge funds managers typically seek to achieve their objectives by allocating capital across a broad array of funds and/or investment managers. Equity funds invest in U.S. common and preferred stocks as well as similar equity securities issued by companies incorporated, listed or domiciled in developed and/or emerging market countries. Fixed income funds include investments in high quality funds and, to a lesser extent, high yield funds. High quality fixed income funds invest in government securities, investment-grade corporate bonds and mortgage and asset-backed securities. High yield fixed income funds invest in high yield fixed income securities issued by corporations which are rated below investment grade. Other investment funds also included in this category primarily represent multi-strategy funds that invest in broadly diversified portfolios of equity, fixed income and derivative instruments.

Private equity and debt investments primarily consist of investments in private equity and debt funds. These investments provide exposure to and benefit from long-term equity investments in private companies, including leveraged buy-outs, venture capital and distressed debt strategies.

Real estate investments include funds that invest in entities which are primarily engaged in the ownership, acquisition, development, financing, sale and/or management of income-producing real estate properties, both commercial and residential. These funds typically seek long-term growth of capital and current income that is above average relative to public equity funds.

Significant Concentrations of Risk The assets of the pension plans include certain investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments. Investment managers may be unable to quickly sell or redeem some or all of these investments at an amount close or equal to fair value in order to meet a plan's liquidity requirements or to respond to specific events such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of any particular issuer or counterparty.

Illiquid investments held by the plans are generally long-term investments that complement the long-term nature of pension obligations and are not used to fund benefit payments when currently due. Plan management monitors liquidity risk on an ongoing basis and has procedures in place that are designed to maintain flexibility in addressing plan-specific, broader industry and market liquidity events.

The pension plans may invest in financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies and may be exposed to risks that the foreign currency exchange rates might change in a manner that has an adverse effect on the value of the foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities. Forward currency contracts may be used to manage and mitigate foreign currency risk.

The pension plans may invest in debt securities for which any change in the relevant interest rates for particular securities might result in an investment manager being unable to secure similar returns upon the maturity or the sale of securities. In addition changes to prevailing interest rates or changes in expectations of future interest rates might result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of the securities held. Interest rate swaps and other financial derivative instruments may be used to manage interest rate risk.

Benefit Payments Benefits for most U.S. pension plans and certain non-U.S. pension plans are paid out of plan assets rather than our Cash and cash equivalents. The following table summarizes net benefit payments expected to be paid in the future, which include assumptions related to estimated future employee service:



	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Global OPEB Plans
2019	$	5,325	$	1,360	$	379
2020	$	4,858	$	1,212	$	374
2021	$	4,720	$	1,174	$	369
2022	$	4,603	$	1,144	$	364
2023	$	4,491	$	1,113	$	361
2024 - 2028	$	20,803	$	5,116	$	1,762

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters In the normal course of our business, we are named from time to time as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation. We identify below the material individual proceedings and investigations where we believe a material loss is reasonably possible or probable. We accrue for matters when we believe that losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had accruals of $1.3 billion and $930 million in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities. In many matters, it is inherently difficult to determine whether loss is probable or reasonably possible or to estimate the size or range of the possible loss. Accordingly adverse outcomes from such proceedings could exceed the amounts accrued by an amount that could be material to our results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period.

Proceedings Related to Ignition Switch Recall and Other Recalls In 2014 we announced various recalls relating to safety and other matters. Those recalls included recalls to repair ignition switches that could under certain circumstances unintentionally move from the “run” position to the “accessory” or “off” position with a corresponding loss of power, which could in turn prevent airbags from deploying in the event of a crash.

Economic-Loss Claims We are aware of over 100 putative class actions pending against GM in U.S. and Canadian courts alleging that consumers who purchased or leased vehicles manufactured by GM or MLC (formerly known as General Motors Corporation) had been economically harmed by one or more of the 2014 recalls and/or the underlying vehicle conditions associated with those recalls (economic-loss cases). In general, these economic-loss cases seek recovery for purported compensatory damages, such as alleged benefit-of-the-bargain damages or damages related to alleged diminution in value of the vehicles, as well as punitive damages, injunctive relief and other relief.

Many of the pending U.S. economic-loss claims have been transferred to, and consolidated in, a single federal court, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Southern District). These plaintiffs have asserted economic-loss claims under federal and state laws, including claims relating to recalled vehicles manufactured by GM and claims asserting successor liability relating to certain recalled vehicles manufactured by MLC. The Southern District has dismissed various of these claims, including claims under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act, claims for recovery for alleged reduction in the value of plaintiffs' vehicles due to damage to GM’s reputation and brand as a result of the ignition switch matter, and claims of certain plaintiffs who purchased a vehicle before GM came into existence in July 2009. The Southern District also dismissed certain state law claims at issue.

In August 2017 the Southern District granted our motion to dismiss the successor liability claims of plaintiffs in seven of the sixteen states at issue on the motion and called for additional briefing to decide whether plaintiffs' claims can proceed in the other nine states. In December 2017 the Southern District granted GM's motion and dismissed successor liability claims of plaintiffs in an additional state, but found that there are genuine issues of material fact that prevent summary judgment for GM in eight other states. In January 2018, GM moved for reconsideration of certain portions of the Southern District's December 2017 summary judgment ruling. That motion was granted in April 2018, dismissing plaintiffs' successor liability claims in any state where New York law applies.

In September 2018 the Southern District granted our motion to dismiss claims for lost personal time (in 41 out of 47 jurisdictions) and certain unjust enrichment claims, but denied our motion to dismiss plaintiffs' economic loss claims in 27 jurisdictions under the "manifest defect" rule. Significant summary judgment, class certification, and expert evidentiary motions remain at issue.

Personal Injury Claims We also are aware of several hundred actions pending in various courts in the U.S. and Canada alleging injury or death as a result of defects that may be the subject of the 2014 recalls (personal injury cases). In general, these cases seek recovery for purported compensatory damages, punitive damages and/or other relief. Since 2016, several bellwether trials of personal injury cases have taken place in the Southern District and in a Texas state court, which is administering a Texas state multi-district litigation. None of these trials resulted in a finding of liability against GM.

Appellate Litigation Regarding Successor Liability Ignition Switch Claims In 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that the 2009 order of the Bankruptcy Court approving the sale of substantially all of the assets of MLC to GM free and clear of, among other things, claims asserting successor liability for obligations owed by MLC (successor liability claims) could not be enforced to bar claims against GM asserted by either plaintiffs who purchased used vehicles after the sale or against purchasers who asserted claims relating to the ignition switch defect, including pre-sale personal injury claims and economic-loss claims.

Contingently Issuable Shares Under the Amended and Restated Master Sale and Purchase Agreement between us and MLC, GM may be obligated to issue Adjustment Shares of our common stock if allowed general unsecured claims against the GUC Trust, as estimated by the Bankruptcy Court, exceed $35.0 billion. The maximum number of Adjustment Shares issuable is 30 million shares (subject to adjustment to take into account stock dividends, stock splits and other transactions), which amounts to approximately $1.2 billion based on the GM share price as of January 25, 2019. The GUC Trust stated in public filings that allowed general unsecured claims were approximately $31.9 billion as of December 31, 2018. In 2016 and 2017 certain personal injury and economic loss plaintiffs filed motions in the Bankruptcy Court seeking authority to file late claims against the GUC Trust. In May 2018, the GUC Trust filed motions seeking the Bankruptcy Court’s approval of a proposed settlement with certain personal injury and economic loss plaintiffs, approval of a notice relating to that proposed settlement and estimation of alleged personal injury and economic loss late claims for the purpose of obtaining an order requiring GM to issue the maximum number of Adjustment Shares. GM vigorously contested each of these motions.

In September 2018 the Bankruptcy Court denied without prejudice the GUC Trust's motions described above, finding that the settling parties first need to obtain class certification with respect to the economic loss late claims. In February 2019 the GUC Trust and certain plaintiffs filed a motion with the Bankruptcy Court requesting approval of a new settlement to obtain the maximum number of Adjustment Shares. We will assert available and appropriate legal objections to this new settlement. We are unable to estimate any reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from this matter.

Government Matters In connection with the 2014 recalls, we have from time to time received subpoenas and other requests for information related to investigations by agencies or other representatives of U.S. federal, state and the Canadian governments. GM is cooperating with all reasonable pending requests for information. Any existing governmental matters or investigations could in the future result in the imposition of damages, fines, civil consent orders, civil and criminal penalties or other remedies.

The total amount accrued for the 2014 recalls at December 31, 2018 reflects amounts for a combination of settled but unpaid matters, and for the remaining unsettled investigations, claims and/or lawsuits relating to the ignition switch recalls and other related recalls to the extent that such matters are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The amounts accrued for those unsettled investigations, claims, and/or lawsuits represent a combination of our best single point estimates where determinable and, where no such single point estimate is determinable, our estimate of the low end of the range of probable loss with regard to such matters, if that is determinable. We will continue to consider resolution of pending matters involving ignition switch recalls and other recalls where it makes sense to do so.

GM Korea Wage Litigation GM Korea is party to litigation with current and former hourly employees in the appellate court and Incheon District Court in Incheon, Korea. The group actions, which in the aggregate involve more than 10,000 employees, allege that GM Korea failed to include bonuses and certain allowances in its calculation of Ordinary Wages due under Korean regulations. In 2012 the Seoul High Court (an intermediate level appellate court) affirmed a decision in one of these group actions involving five GM Korea employees which was contrary to GM Korea's position. GM Korea appealed to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (Supreme Court). In 2014 the Supreme Court largely agreed with GM's legal arguments and remanded the case to the Seoul High Court for consideration consistent with earlier Supreme Court precedent holding that while fixed bonuses should be included in the calculation of Ordinary Wages, claims for retroactive application of this rule would be barred under certain circumstances. In 2015, on reconsideration, the Seoul High Court held in GM Korea's favor, after which the plaintiffs appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has not yet rendered a decision. We estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued to be approximately $590 million at December 31, 2018. Both the scope of claims asserted and GM Korea's assessment of any or all of the individual claim elements may change if new information becomes available or the legal or regulatory framework change.

GM Korea is also party to litigation with current and former salaried employees over allegations relating to ordinary wages regulation and whether to include fixed bonuses in the calculation of ordinary wages. In 2017, the Seoul High Court held that certain workers are not barred from filing retroactive wage claims. GM Korea appealed this ruling to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has not yet rendered a decision. We estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued to be approximately $170 million at December 31, 2018. Both the scope of claims asserted and GM Korea's assessment of any or all of the individual claim elements may change if new information becomes available or the legal or regulatory framework change.

GM Korea is also party to litigation with current and former subcontract workers over allegations that they are entitled to the same wages and benefits provided to full-time employees, and to be hired as full-time employees. In May 2018 the Korean labor authorities issued an adverse administrative order finding that GM Korea must hire certain current subcontract workers as full-time employees. GM Korea appealed that order. At December 31, 2018, we recorded an insignificant accrual covering certain asserted claims and claims that we believe are probable of assertion and for which liability is probable. We estimate that the reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued for other current subcontract workers who may assert similar claims to be approximately $150 million at December 31, 2018. We are currently unable to estimate any possible loss or range of loss that may result from additional claims that may be asserted by former subcontract workers.

GM Brazil Indirect Tax Claim In March 2017, the Supreme Court of Brazil issued a decision concluding that a certain state value added tax should not be included in the calculation of federal gross receipts taxes. The decision reduced GM Brazil’s gross receipts tax prospectively and, potentially, retrospectively. The retrospective right to recover is under judicial review, and a decision could be rendered in 2019. If the Judicial Court grants retrospective recovery we estimate potential recoveries of up to $1.3 billion. However, given the remaining uncertainty regarding the judicial resolution of this matter, we are unable to assess the likelihood of any favorable outcome at this time. We have not recorded any amounts relating to the retrospective nature of this matter.

Other Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters Various other legal actions, including class actions, governmental investigations, claims and proceedings are pending against us or our related companies or joint ventures, including matters arising out of alleged product defects; employment-related matters; product and workplace safety, vehicle emissions and fuel economy regulations; product warranties; financial services; dealer, supplier and other contractual relationships; government regulations relating to competition issues; tax-related matters not subject to the provision of ASC 740, Income Taxes (indirect tax-related matters); product design, manufacture and performance; consumer protection laws; and environmental protection laws, including laws regulating air emissions, water discharges, waste management and environmental remediation from stationary sources.

There are several putative class actions pending against GM in federal courts in the U.S. and in the Provincial Courts in Canada alleging that various vehicles sold including model year 2011-2016 Duramax Diesel Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra vehicles, violate federal and state emission standards. GM has also faced a series of additional lawsuits based primarily on allegations in the Duramax suit, including putative shareholder class actions claiming violations of federal securities law and a shareholder demand lawsuit. The securities lawsuits have been voluntarily dismissed. At this stage of these proceedings, we are unable to provide an evaluation of the likelihood that a loss will be incurred or an estimate of the amounts or range of possible loss.

We believe that appropriate accruals have been established for losses that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. It is possible that the resolution of one or more of these matters could exceed the amounts accrued in an amount that could be material to our results of operations. We also from time to time receive subpoenas and other inquiries or requests for information from agencies or other representatives of U.S. federal, state and foreign governments on a variety of issues.

Indirect tax-related matters are being litigated globally pertaining to value added taxes, customs, duties, sales, property taxes and other non-income tax related tax exposures. The various non-U.S. labor-related matters include claims from current and former employees related to alleged unpaid wage, benefit, severance and other compensation matters. Certain administrative proceedings are indirect tax-related and may require that we deposit funds in escrow or provide an alternative form of security which may range from $200 million to $550 million at December 31, 2018. Some of the matters may involve compensatory, punitive or other treble damage claims, environmental remediation programs or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that could not be reasonably estimated at December 31, 2018. We believe that appropriate accruals have been established for losses that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. For indirect tax-related matters we estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued to be up to approximately $900 million at December 31, 2018.

Takata Matters In May 2016 NHTSA issued an amended consent order requiring Takata to file DIRs for previously unrecalled front airbag inflators that contain phased-stabilized ammonium nitrate-based propellant without a moisture absorbing desiccant on a multi-year, risk-based schedule through 2019 impacting tens of millions of vehicles produced by numerous automotive manufacturers. NHTSA concluded that the likely root cause of the rupturing of the airbag inflators is a function of time, temperature cycling and environmental moisture.

Although we do not believe there is a safety defect at this time in any unrecalled GM vehicles within scope of the Takata DIRs, in cooperation with NHTSA we have filed Preliminary DIRs covering certain of our GMT900 vehicles, which are full-size pickup trucks and SUVs. We have also filed petitions for inconsequentiality with respect to the vehicles subject to those Preliminary DIRs. NHTSA has consolidated our petitions and will rule on them at the same time.

While these petitions have been pending, we have provided NHTSA with the results of our long-term studies and the studies performed by third-party experts, all of which form the basis for our determination that the inflators in these vehicles do not present an unreasonable risk to safety and that no repair should ultimately be required.

We believe these vehicles are currently performing as designed and our inflator aging studies and field data support the belief that the vehicles' unique design and integration mitigates against inflator propellant degradation and rupture risk. For example, the airbag inflators used in the vehicles are a variant engineered specifically for our vehicles, and include features such as greater venting, unique propellant wafer configurations, and machined steel end caps. The inflators are packaged in the instrument panel in such a way as to minimize exposure to moisture from the climate control system. Also, these vehicles have features that minimize the maximum temperature to which the inflator will be exposed, such as larger interior volumes and standard solar absorbing windshields and side glass.

Accordingly, no warranty provision has been made for any repair associated with our vehicles subject to the Preliminary DIRs and amended consent order. However, in the event we are ultimately obligated to repair the vehicles subject to current or future Takata DIRs under the amended consent order in the U.S., we estimate a reasonably possible impact to GM of approximately $1.2 billion.

GM has recalled certain vehicles sold outside of the U.S. to replace Takata inflators in those vehicles. There are significant differences in vehicle and inflator design between the relevant vehicles sold internationally and those sold in the U.S. We continue to gather and analyze evidence about these inflators and to share our findings with regulators. Additional recalls, if any, could be material to our results of operations and cash flows. We continue to monitor the international situation.

Through January 25, 2019 we are aware of three putative class actions pending against GM in federal court in the U.S., one putative class action in Mexico and three putative class actions pending in various Provincial Courts in Canada arising out of allegations that airbag inflators manufactured by Takata are defective. At this early stage of these proceedings, we are unable to provide an evaluation of the likelihood that a loss will be incurred or an estimate of the amounts or range of possible loss.

Product Liability With respect to product liability claims (other than claims relating to the ignition switch recalls discussed above) involving our and General Motors Corporation products, we believe that any judgment against us for actual damages will be adequately covered by our recorded accruals and, where applicable, excess liability insurance coverage. We recorded liabilities of $531 million and $595 million in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 for the expected cost of all known product liability claims, plus an estimate of the expected cost for product liability claims that have already been incurred and are expected to be filed in the future for which we are self-insured. It is reasonably possible that our accruals for product liability claims may increase in future periods in material amounts, although we cannot estimate a reasonable range of incremental loss based on currently available information.

Guarantees We enter into indemnification agreements for liability claims involving products manufactured primarily by certain joint ventures. These guarantees terminate in years ranging from 2019 to 2029 or upon the occurrence of specific events or are ongoing. We believe that the related potential costs incurred are adequately covered by our recorded accruals, which are insignificant. The maximum future undiscounted payments mainly based on vehicles sold to date was $2.4 billion and $1.9 billion for these guarantees at December 31, 2018 and 2017, the majority of which relate to the indemnification agreements.

We provide payment guarantees on commercial loans outstanding with third parties such as dealers. In some instances certain assets of the party or our payables to the party whose debt or performance we have guaranteed may offset, to some degree, the amount of any potential future payments. We are also exposed to residual value guarantees associated with certain sales to rental car companies.

We periodically enter into agreements that incorporate indemnification provisions in the normal course of business. It is not possible to estimate our maximum exposure under these indemnifications or guarantees due to the conditional nature of these obligations. Insignificant amounts have been recorded for such obligations as the majority of them are not probable or estimable at this time and the fair value of the guarantees at issuance was insignificant. Refer to Note 22 for additional information on our indemnification obligations to PSA Group under the Agreement.

Credit Cards Credit card programs offer rebates that can be applied primarily against the purchase or lease of our vehicles. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 our redemption liability was insignificant, our deferred revenue was $247 million and $283 million, and qualified cardholders had rebates available, net of deferred program revenue, of $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion. Our redemption liability and deferred revenue are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities.

Noncancelable Operating Leases The following table summarizes our minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases having initial terms in excess of one year, primarily for property:



	2019			2020			2021			2022			2023			Thereafter			Total
Minimum commitments(a)	$	296		$	286		$	247		$	180		$	146		$	582		$	1,737
Sublease income	(61		)	(51		)	(44		)	(38		)	(33		)	(129		)	(356		)
Net minimum commitments	$	235		$	235		$	203		$	142		$	113		$	453		$	1,381

__________


(a)	Certain leases contain escalation clauses and renewal or purchase options.

Rental expense under operating leases was $300 million, $284 million and $270 million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
U.S. income	$	4,433	$	8,399	$	9,989
Non-U.S. income (loss)	1,953		1,332		(263		)
Income before income taxes and equity income	$	6,386	$	9,731	$	9,726



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	$	(104	)	$	18		$	(126	)
U.S. state and local	113			83			65
Non-U.S.	577			552			572
Total current income tax expense	586			653			511
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	(578		)	7,831			1,865
U.S. state and local	250			(187		)	264
Non-U.S.	216			3,236			99
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(112		)	10,880			2,228
Total income tax expense	$	474		$	11,533		$	2,739

Provisions are made for estimated U.S. and non-U.S. income taxes which may be incurred on the reversal of our basis differences in investments in foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested. Taxes have not been provided on basis differences in investments primarily as a result of earnings in foreign subsidiaries which are deemed indefinitely reinvested of $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Additional basis differences related to investments in nonconsolidated China JVs exist of $4.1 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017 as a result of fresh-start reporting. Quantification of the deferred tax liability, if any, associated with indefinitely reinvested basis differences is not practicable.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$	1,341		$	3,406		$	3,404
State and local tax expense	282			(76		)	190
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	90			(145		)	(61		)
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income	(822		)	(941		)	(894		)
Change in valuation allowances	1,695			2,712			237
Change in tax laws	(134		)	7,194			147
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(695		)	(428		)	(342		)
Capital loss expiration	107			—			—
Settlements of prior year tax matters	(188		)	(256		)	(46		)
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	(59		)	—			(94		)
German statutory approval of net operating losses	(990		)	—			—
Other adjustments	(153		)	67			198
Total income tax expense	$	474		$	11,533		$	2,739

Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities Deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 reflect the effect of temporary differences between amounts of assets, liabilities and equity for financial reporting purposes and the bases of such assets, liabilities and equity as measured based on tax laws, as well as tax loss and tax credit carryforwards. The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	1,584		$	1,948
Pension and other employee benefit plans	3,020			3,285
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	6,307			5,675
U.S. capitalized research expenditures	5,176			4,413
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a)	8,591			8,578
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b)	6,393			5,103
Miscellaneous	2,034			1,697
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	33,105			30,699
Less: valuation allowances	(7,976		)	(6,690		)
Total deferred tax assets	25,129			24,009
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	1,098			418
Intangible assets	729			735
Total deferred tax liabilities	1,827			1,153
Net deferred tax assets	$	23,302		$	22,856

_________


(a)	At December 31, 2018 U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $8.6 billion expire through 2038 if not utilized.


(b)	At December 31, 2018 Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $1.2 billion expire through 2037 if not utilized and the remaining balance of $5.2 billion may be carried forward indefinitely.

Valuation Allowances We have $3.3 billion of net operating loss carryforwards in Germany that, as a result of reorganizations that took place in 2008 and 2009 and then existing German Law, were not previously recorded as deferred tax assets. In the three months ended December 31, 2018 a favorable European court decision was statutorily approved in Germany enabling use of those loss carryforwards. As a result, in the three months ended December 31, 2018 deferred tax assets totaling $1.0 billion were established for the loss carryfowards; offsetting valuation allowances were also established as the deferred tax assets are not more likely than not to be realized. During the year ended December 31, 2018 valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of $8.0 billion were comprised of cumulative losses, credits and other timing differences, primarily in Germany, Spain and South Korea.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 there was a $2.3 billion increase in the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets that are no longer realizable as a result of the sale of the Opel/Vauxhall Business as described in Note 22. At December 31, 2017 valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of $6.7 billion were comprised of cumulative losses, credits and other timing differences, primarily in Germany, Spain and South Korea.

Uncertain Tax Positions The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,557		$	1,182		$	1,337
Additions to current year tax positions	292			160			49
Additions to prior years' tax positions	264			448			96
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(244		)	(195		)	(192		)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(38		)	(44		)	(103		)
Settlements	(450		)	(11		)	(1		)
Other	(40		)	17			(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	1,341		$	1,557		$	1,182

At December 31, 2018 and 2017 there were $991 million and $390 million of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would favorably affect our effective tax rate in the future. In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 income tax related interest and penalties were insignificant. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 we had liabilities of $116 million and $152 million for income tax related interest and penalties.

At December 31, 2018 it is not possible to reasonably estimate the expected change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.

Other Matters Income tax returns are filed in multiple jurisdictions and are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. We have open tax years from 2008 to 2018 with various significant tax jurisdictions. Tax authorities may have the ability to review and adjust net operating loss or tax credit carryforwards that were generated prior to these periods if utilized in an open tax year. These open years contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations as they relate to the amount, character, timing or inclusion of revenue and expenses or the sustainability of income tax credits for a given audit cycle.

The Tax Act was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act changed many aspects of U.S. corporate income taxation and included reduction of the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, implementation of a territorial tax system and imposition of a tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. We recognized the tax effects of the Tax Act in the year ended December 31, 2017 and recorded $7.3 billion in tax expense. The tax expense relates primarily to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets to the 21% tax rate. We applied the guidance in SAB 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Tax Act in 2017 and throughout 2018. At December 31, 2018, we have now completed our accounting for all the enactment-date income tax effects of the Tax Act. We reduced our year ended December 31, 2017 estimated tax expense of $7.3 billion to $7.1 billion, primarily related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets to the 21% tax rate.

The Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (GILTI) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A Topic 740, No. 5 "Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income," states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. We have elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.

Restructuring And Other Initiatives

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Other Initiatives

We have and continue to execute various restructuring and other initiatives and we may execute additional initiatives in the future, if necessary, to streamline manufacturing capacity and other costs to improve the utilization of remaining facilities. To the extent these programs involve voluntary separations, a liability is generally recorded at the time offers to employees are accepted. To the extent these programs provide separation benefits in accordance with pre-existing agreements, a liability is recorded once the amount is probable and reasonably estimable. If employees are involuntarily terminated, a liability is generally recorded at the communication date. Related charges are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense. The following table summarizes the reserves and charges related to restructuring and other initiatives, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	227		$	268		$	383
Additions, interest accretion and other	1,637			330			412
Payments	(600		)	(315		)	(490		)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency	(142		)	(56		)	(37		)
Balance at end of period	$	1,122		$	227		$	268

In the year ended December 31, 2018 restructuring and other initiatives in GMNA primarily included actions related to the unallocation of products to certain manufacturing facilities in 2019 and other employee separation programs. We recorded charges of $1.2 billion in GMNA in the year ended December 31, 2018 consisting of $941 million in employee separation and other charges, which are reflected in the table above, and $301 million primarily in non-cash accelerated depreciation, not reflected in the table above. We expect to incur additional restructuring and other charges in 2019 that range between $1.5 billion to $2.0 billion, primarily related to accelerated depreciation, supplier-related charges, and employee-related separation charges. We expect cash outflows related to these activities of approximately $1.5 billion by the end of 2020.

In the year ended December 31, 2018 restructuring and other initiatives in GMI primarily included the closure of a facility and other restructuring actions in Korea and employee separation programs. We recorded charges of $1.0 billion related to Korea, net of noncontrolling interests. These charges consisted of $537 million in non-cash asset impairments and other charges, not reflected in the table above, and $495 million in employee separation charges, which are reflected in the table above. We incurred $775 million in cash outflows resulting from Korea restructuring actions, primarily for employee separations and statutory pension payments. In GMI we expect to incur between $200 million and $300 million in additional employee separation and other charges in 2019, and we expect cash outflows related to previously announced restructuring activities of approximately $300 million in 2019.

In the year ended December 31, 2017 restructuring and other initiatives primarily included restructuring actions announced in the three months ended June 30, 2017 in GMI. These actions related primarily to the withdrawal of Chevrolet from the Indian and South African markets at the end of 2017 and the transition of our South Africa manufacturing operations to Isuzu Motors. We continue to manufacture vehicles in India for sale to certain export markets. We recorded charges of $460 million in GMI primarily consisting of $297 million of asset impairments, sales incentives, inventory provisions and other charges, not reflected in the table above, and $163 million of dealer restructurings, employee separations and other contract cancellation costs, which are reflected in the table above. We completed these programs in GMI in 2017. Other GMI restructuring programs reflected in the table above include separation and other programs in Australia, Korea and India and the withdrawal of the Chevrolet brand from Europe. Collectively, these programs had a total cost of $892 million since inception in 2013 through the completion of the programs in the year ended December 31, 2017.

In the year ended December 31, 2016 restructuring and other initiatives related primarily to charges of $240 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 in GMNA related to the cash severance incentive program to qualified U.S. hourly employees under our 2015 labor agreement with the UAW and insignificant costs for separation and other programs in Australia, Korea and India and the withdrawal of Chevrolet brand from Europe.

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017			2016
Non-service pension and OPEB income	$	1,665	$	1,316		$	1,262
Interest income	335		266			182
Licensing agreements income	296		74			94
Revaluation of investments	258		(56		)	—
Other	42		45			65
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	$	2,596	$	1,645		$	1,603

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

Preferred and Common Stock We have 2.0 billion shares of preferred stock and 5.0 billion shares of common stock authorized for issuance. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 we had 1.4 billion shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock Holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. Our dividends declared per common share were $1.52 and our total dividends paid on common stock were $2.1 billion, $2.2 billion and $2.3 billion for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote. The liquidation rights of holders of our common stock are secondary to the payment or provision for payment of all our debts and liabilities and to holders of our preferred stock, if any such shares are then outstanding.

In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 we purchased three million, 120 million and 77 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $100 million, $4.5 billion and $2.5 billion as part of the common stock repurchase program announced in March 2015, which our Board of Directors increased and extended in January 2016 and January 2017.

Warrants At December 31, 2017 we had 22 million warrants outstanding that we issued in July 2009. The warrants are exercisable at any time prior to July 10, 2019 at an exercise price of $18.33 per share. We had 15 million warrants outstanding at December 31, 2018.

GM Financial Preferred Stock In September 2018 GM Financial issued $500 million of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B, $0.01 par value, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. The preferred stock is classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements. Dividends will be paid semi-annually when declared starting March 30, 2019 at a fixed rate of 6.50%.

In September 2017 GM Financial issued $1.0 billion of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.01 par value, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. The preferred stock is classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements. Dividends are paid semi-annually when declared, which started March 30, 2018 at a fixed rate of 5.75%.

GM Cruise Preferred Shares On May 31, 2018, we entered into a Purchase Agreement with The Vision Fund. The Vision Fund subsequently assigned its rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement to SoftBank. In June 2018, at the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, GM Cruise Holdings, our subsidiary, issued $900 million of GM Cruise Preferred Shares to SoftBank, representing 10.9% of GM Cruise Holdings' equity at closing. Immediately prior to the issuance of the GM Cruise Preferred Shares, we invested $1.1 billion in GM Cruise Holdings. When GM Cruise's autonomous vehicles are ready for commercial deployment, SoftBank is obligated to purchase additional GM Cruise Preferred Shares for $1.35 billion, subject to regulatory approval, after which the GM Cruise Preferred Shares will represent 18.6% of GM Cruise Holdings’ equity. All proceeds are designated exclusively for working capital and general corporate purposes of GM Cruise. Dividends are cumulative and accrue at an annual rate of 7% and are payable quarterly in cash or in-kind, at GM Cruise's discretion. The GM Cruise Preferred Shares are also entitled to participate in GM Cruise dividends above a defined threshold. Prior to an initial public offering, SoftBank is restricted from transferring the GM Cruise Preferred Shares until June 28, 2025.

The GM Cruise Preferred Shares are convertible into common stock of GM Cruise Holdings, at specified exchange ratios, at the option of SoftBank or upon occurrence of an initial public offering. The GM Cruise Preferred Shares are entitled to receive the greater of their carrying value or a pro-rata share of any proceeds or distributions upon the occurrence of a merger, sale, liquidation, or dissolution of GM Cruise Holdings. Beginning on June 28, 2025, SoftBank has the option to convert all of the GM Cruise Preferred Shares into our common stock at a conversion ratio that is indexed to the fair value of GM Cruise Holdings at the time of conversion. We have the option to settle the conversion feature with our common shares or cash, and in certain situations with nonredeemable, nonconvertible preferred shares. Beginning on June 28, 2025, we can call all, but not less than all of the GM Cruise Preferred Shares held by SoftBank at an amount equal to the greater of the original investment amount plus accrued distributions paid in-kind and the fair value of GM Cruise Holdings at the time of conversion. The GM Cruise Preferred Shares are classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements.

GM Cruise Common Shares In October 2018, GM Cruise Holdings entered into a Purchase Agreement with Honda, pursuant to which Honda invested $750 million in GM Cruise Holdings in exchange for Class E Common Shares, representing 5.7% of the fully diluted equity of GM Cruise Holdings at closing. In addition, Honda agreed to contribute approximately $2.0 billion primarily in the form of a long-term annual fee to GM Cruise Holdings for certain rights to use GM Cruise Holdings' trade names and trademarks and the exclusive right to partner with GM Cruise Holdings to develop, deploy, and maintain a foreign market. The remaining contribution or funding will come in the form of shared development costs for a SAV that Honda, General Motors Holdings LLC and GM Cruise Holdings will jointly develop for deployment onto GM Cruise's autonomous vehicle network. All proceeds are designated exclusively for working capital and general corporate purposes of GM Cruise. At the later of October 3, 2025 or the termination of the commercial agreements between GM Cruise Holdings and Honda, GM Cruise Holdings can call all, but not less than all of the Class E Common Shares at an amount equal to the then fair value of GM Cruise Holdings. The Class E Common Shares are classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements.

GM Korea Preferred Shares In the year ended December 31, 2018 KDB purchased $720 million of GM Korea Preferred Shares. Dividends on the GM Korea Preferred Shares are cumulative and accrue at an annual rate of 1%. GM Korea can call the preferred shares at their original issue price six years from the date of issuance and once called, the preferred shares can be converted into common shares of GM Korea at the option of the holder. The GM Korea Preferred Shares are classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements. The KDB investment proceeds can only be used for purposes of funding capital expenditures in GM Korea. In conjunction with the GM Korea Preferred Share issuance we agreed to provide GM Korea future funding, if needed, not to exceed $2.8 billion through December 31, 2027, inclusive of $2.0 billion of planned capital expenditures through 2027.

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(1,606	)	$	(2,355	)	$	(2,034	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax and impact of adoption of accounting standards(a)(b)(c)	(664		)	560			(317		)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)	20			189			(4		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(a)	(644		)	749			(321		)
Balance at end of period	$	(2,250	)	$	(1,606	)	$	(2,355	)
Defined Benefit Plans
Balance at beginning of period	$	(6,398	)	$	(6,968	)	$	(5,999	)
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of impact of adoption of accounting standards(b)(c)	(580		)	(798		)	(1,546		)
Tax benefit	100			98			459
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax and impact of adoption of accounting standards(b)(c)	(480		)	(700		)	(1,087		)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)(d)	141			1,270			118
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(339		)	570			(969		)
Balance at end of period(e)	$	(6,737	)	$	(6,398	)	$	(6,968	)

__________


(a)	The income tax effect was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.


(b)	The noncontrolling interests are insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.


(c)	Refer to Note 2 for additional information on adoption of accounting standards in 2018.


(d)	$1.2 billion is included in the loss on sale of the Opel/Vauxhall Business in the year ended December 31, 2017. An insignificant amount is included in the computation of periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.


(e)	Consists primarily of unamortized actuarial loss on our defined benefit plans. Refer to the critical accounting estimates section of our MD&A for additional information.

Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities that are outstanding.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Basic earnings per share
Income from continuing operations(a)	$	8,084		$	348		$	9,428
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock	(98		)	(16		)	—
Income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	7,986			332			9,428
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	70			4,212			1
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	7,916		$	(3,880	)	$	9,427

Weighted-average common shares outstanding	1,411			1,465			1,540

Basic earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	5.66		$	0.23		$	6.12
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05		$	2.88		$	—
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	5.61		$	(2.65	)	$	6.12
Diluted earnings per share
Income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders – diluted(a)	$	7,986		$	332		$	9,428
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax – diluted	$	70		$	4,212		$	1
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$	7,916		$	(3,880	)	$	9,427

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic	1,411			1,465			1,540
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans	20			27			30
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,431			1,492			1,570

Diluted earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	5.58		$	0.22		$	6.00
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05		$	2.82		$	—
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	5.53		$	(2.60	)	$	6.00

Potentially dilutive securities(b)	9			—			—

__________


(a)	Net of Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests.


(b)	Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

Discontinued Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued Operations

On March 5, 2017 we entered into the Master Agreement to sell our European Business to PSA Group. On July 31, 2017 we closed the sale of our Opel/Vauxhall Business to PSA Group and on October 31, 2017 we closed the sale of the Fincos to Banque PSA Finance S.A. and BNP Paribas Personal Finance S.A. The net consideration paid at closing for the European Business was $2.5 billion, consisting of (1) $2.2 billion in cash; and (2) $808 million in warrants in PSA Group; partially offset by (3) a $455 million de-risking premium payment made to PSA Group for assuming certain underfunded pension liabilities. The warrants are not exercisable for five years from closing.

The total charge from the sale of the European Business during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $6.2 billion, net of tax, of which $3.9 billion was recorded in Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, and $2.3 billion was recorded in Income tax expense. The charge related to: (1) $4.3 billion of deferred tax assets that will no longer be realizable or that transferred to PSA Group; (2) $1.5 billion related to previously deferred pension losses and payment of the de-risking premium to PSA Group for its assumption of certain underfunded pension liabilities; (3) a pre-tax disposal loss of $525 million as a result of the sale of the Fincos, which included the recognition of $197 million of foreign currency translation losses; (4) a pre-tax charge of $421 million for the cancellation of production programs resulting from the convergence of vehicle platforms between our European Business and PSA Group; and (5) other insignificant costs to support the separation of operations provided for a period of time following closing; partially offset by proceeds.

We retained net underfunded pension liabilities of $6.8 billion owed primarily to current pensioners and former employees of the European Business with vested pension rights. PSA Group assumed, pursuant to the Agreement, approximately $3.1 billion of net underfunded pension liabilities primarily with respect to active employees of the Opel/Vauxhall Business, and during the year ended December 31, 2017 our wholly owned subsidiary (the Seller) made payments to PSA Group, or one or more pension funding vehicles, of $3.4 billion in respect of these assumed liabilities, which included pension funding payments for active employees and the de-risking premium payment of $455 million discussed above.

The Seller agreed to indemnify PSA Group for certain losses resulting from any inaccuracy of the representations and warranties or breaches of our covenants included in the Agreement and for certain other liabilities including certain emissions and product liabilities. The Company entered into a guarantee for the benefit of PSA Group and pursuant to which the Company agreed to guarantee the Seller's obligation to indemnify PSA Group. Certain of these indemnification obligations are subject to time limitations, thresholds and/or caps as to the amount of required payments.

Although the sale reduced our new vehicle presence in Europe, we may still be impacted by actions taken by regulators related to vehicles sold before the sale. In Germany, the Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) issued an order in October 2018 converting Opel’s existing voluntary recall of certain vehicles into a mandatory recall for allegedly failing to comply with certain emissions regulations. In addition, at the KBA's request, the German authorities recently re-opened a separate criminal investigation that had previously been closed with no action. Opel is challenging the mandatory recall order of the KBA in court on the grounds that the emission control systems contained in the subject vehicles, have at all times complied with the regulations in place when the vehicles were manufactured, tested, approved and sold.

Opel voluntarily recalled and serviced many of these vehicles between 2017 and 2018 at its own expense, and this expense should not be transferred to the Seller because it was undertaken voluntarily by Opel and accounted for at the time of the sale. However, the Seller may be obligated to indemnify PSA Group for certain additional expenses resulting from any mandatory recall that is actually implemented, including potential litigation costs, settlements, judgments and potential fines. We are unable to estimate any reasonably possible loss or range of loss that may result from this matter.

We continue to purchase from and supply to PSA Group certain vehicles for a period of time following closing. Total net sales and revenue of $1.9 billion and $853 million and purchases and expenses of $1.4 billion and $218 million related to transactions with the Opel/Vauxhall Business were included in continuing operations during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Cash payments of $1.8 billion and $242 million and cash receipts of $2.3 billion and $1.2 billion were recorded in Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities - continuing operations related to transactions with the Opel/Vauxhall Business during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The following table summarizes the results of the European Business operations:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017			2016
Automotive net sales and revenue	$	—	$	11,257		$	19,704
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		466			552
Total net sales and revenue	—		11,723			20,256
Automotive and other cost of sales	—		11,049			18,894
GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses	—		342			423
Automotive and other selling, general, and administrative expense	—		813			1,356
Other income (expense) items	—		(72		)	93
Loss from discontinued operations before taxes	—		553			324
Loss on sale of discontinued operations before taxes(a)(b)	70		2,176			—
Total loss from discontinued operations before taxes	70		2,729			324
Income tax expense (benefit)(b)(c)	—		1,483			(323		)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	70	$	4,212		$	1

__________


(a)	Includes contract cancellation charges associated with the disposal for the year ended December 31, 2017.


(b)	Total loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax was $3.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017.


(c)	Includes $2.0 billion of deferred tax assets that transferred to PSA Group in the year ended December 31, 2017.

Stock Incentive Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock Incentive Plans

GM Stock Incentive Awards

We grant to certain employees RSUs, RSAs, PSUs and stock options (collectively, stock incentive awards) under our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and prior to the 2017 LTIP, under our 2014 LTIP. The 2017 LTIP was approved by stockholders in June 2017 and replaced the 2014 LTIP. Shares awarded under the plans are subject to forfeiture if the participant leaves the company for reasons other than those permitted under the plans such as retirement, death or disability.

RSU awards granted either cliff vest or ratably vest generally over a three-year service period, as defined in the terms of each award. PSU awards vest at the end of a three-year performance period, based on performance criteria determined by the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors at the time of award. The number of shares earned may equal, exceed or be less than the targeted number of shares depending on whether the performance criteria are met, surpassed or not met. Stock options expire 10 years from the grant date. Our performance-based stock options vest ratably over 55 months based on the performance of our common stock relative to that of a specified peer group. Our service-based stock options vest ratably over 19 months to three years.

In connection with our acquisition of Cruise Automation, Inc. in May 2016, RSAs and PSUs in common shares of GM were granted to employees of GM Cruise Holdings. The RSAs vest ratably, generally over a three-year service period. The PSUs are contingent upon achievement of specific technology and commercialization milestones.



	Shares (in millions)		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
Units outstanding at January 1, 2018	52.9		$	21.75	2.0
Granted	13.7		$	30.41
Settled	(10.2	)	$	30.23
Forfeited or expired	(8.3	)	$	29.51
Units outstanding at December 31, 2018(a)	48.1		$	19.81	1.3

__________


(a)	Includes the target amount of PSUs.

Our weighted-average assumptions used to value our stock options are a dividend yield of 3.69% and 4.43%, expected volatility of 28.0% and 25.0%, a risk-free interest rate of 2.73% and 1.97%, and an expected option life of 5.98 and 5.84 years for options issued during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. There were no stock options issued during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Total compensation expense related to the above awards was $316 million, $585 million and $627 million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

At December 31, 2018 the total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards granted was $208 million. This expense is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years. The total fair value of stock incentive awards vested was $317 million, $421 million and $325 million in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

GM Cruise Stock Incentive Awards

In addition to the awards noted above, stock options and RSUs were granted to GM Cruise employees in common shares of GM Cruise Holdings in the year ended December 31, 2018. These awards were granted under the 2018 Employee Incentive Plan approved by GM Cruise Holdings' Board of Directors in August 2018. Shares awarded under the plan are subject to forfeiture if the participant leaves the company for reasons other than those permitted under the plan. There were no awards granted in GM Cruise common shares for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Stock options vest ratably over four to 10 years, as defined in the terms of each award. Stock options expire 10 years from the grant date. RSU awards granted vest upon the satisfaction of both a service condition and a liquidity condition. The service condition for the majority of these awards is satisfied over four years. The liquidity condition is satisfied upon the earlier of the date of a change in control transaction or the consummation of an initial public offering.

Total compensation expense related to GM Cruise Holdings’ share-based awards was insignificant for the year ended December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, no share-based compensation expense had been recognized for the RSUs because the liquidity condition described above was not met. Total unrecognized compensation expense for GM Cruise Holdings’ nonvested equity awards granted was $392 million at December 31, 2018, which included the RSUs for which the liquidity condition had not been met. The expense related to stock options is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 8.5 years. The timing of the expense related to RSUs will depend upon the date of the satisfaction of the liquidity condition.

Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize supplementary quarterly financial information:



	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter		4th Quarter
2018
Total net sales and revenue	$	36,099	$	36,760	$	35,791	$	38,399
Automotive and other gross margin(a)	$	2,507	$	3,204	$	3,743	$	2,935
Income from continuing operations	$	1,110	$	2,366	$	2,530	$	2,069
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	70	$	—	$	—	$	—
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	1,046	$	2,390	$	2,534	$	2,044
Basic earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	0.78	$	1.68	$	1.77	$	1.42
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	—	$	—	$	—
Diluted earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	0.77	$	1.66	$	1.75	$	1.40
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	—	$	—	$	—

__________


(a)	Includes our GM Cruise segment.

In the three months ended March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, we collectively recorded charges of $1.1 billion related to the closure of a facility and other restructuring actions in Korea. In the three months ended September 30, 2018 we recorded charges of $440 million for ignition switch related legal matters. In the three months ended December 31, 2018 we recorded charges of $1.3 billion related to transformation activities including employee separation, accelerated depreciation and other charges; and a non-recurring tax benefit of $1.0 billion related to foreign earnings.



	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter			4th Quarter
2017
Total net sales and revenue	$	37,266	$	36,984	$	33,623		$	37,715
Automotive and other gross margin(a)	$	4,758	$	4,463	$	3,614		$	4,385
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	2,686	$	2,433	$	114		$	(4,903	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	69	$	770	$	3,096		$	277
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	2,608	$	1,660	$	(2,981	)	$	(5,151	)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations	$	1.78	$	1.62	$	0.08		$	(3.46	)
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	0.51	$	2.14		$	0.19
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations	$	1.75	$	1.60	$	0.08		$	(3.46	)
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	0.51	$	2.11		$	0.19

__________


(a)	Includes our GM Cruise segment.

In the three months ended June 30, 2017, September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2017, we collectively recorded a total charge of $6.2 billion as a result of the sale of the European Business, of which $3.9 billion is recorded in Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, and $2.3 billion is related to Income tax expense. In the three months ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a $7.3 billion tax expense related to the U.S. tax reform legislation.

Segment Reporting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

We report segment information consistent with the way the chief operating decision maker evaluates the operating results and performance of the Company. As a result of the growing importance of our autonomous vehicle operations, we moved these operations from Corporate to GM Cruise and began presenting GM Cruise as a new reportable segment in the year ended December 31, 2018. Our GMNA, GMI and GM Financial segments were not significantly impacted. All periods presented have been recast to reflect the changes.

We analyze the results of our business through the following segments: GMNA, GMI, GM Cruise and GM Financial. As discussed in Note 1, the European Business is presented as discontinued operations and is excluded from our segment results for all periods presented. The European Business was previously reported as our GM Europe (GME) segment and part of GM Financial. The chief operating decision maker evaluates the operating results and performance of our automotive segments and GM Cruise through EBIT-adjusted, which is presented net of noncontrolling interests. The chief operating decision maker evaluates GM Financial through earnings before income taxes-adjusted because interest income and interest expense are part of operating results when assessing and measuring the operational and financial performance of the segment. Each segment has a manager responsible for executing our strategic initiatives. While not all vehicles within a segment are individually profitable on a fully allocated cost basis, those vehicles attract customers to dealer showrooms and help maintain sales volumes for other, more profitable vehicles and contribute towards meeting required fuel efficiency standards. As a result of these and other factors, we do not manage our business on an individual brand or vehicle basis.

Substantially all of the trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts produced are marketed through retail dealers in North America and through distributors and dealers outside of North America, the substantial majority of which are independently owned. In addition to the products sold to dealers for consumer retail sales, trucks, crossovers and cars are also sold to fleet customers, including daily rental car companies, commercial fleet customers, leasing companies and governments. Fleet sales are completed through the dealer network and in some cases directly with fleet customers. Retail and fleet customers can obtain a wide range of after-sale vehicle services and products through the dealer network, such as maintenance, light repairs, collision repairs, vehicle accessories and extended service warranties.

GMNA meets the demands of customers in North America with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC brands. GMI primarily meets the demands of customers outside North America with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, and Holden brands. We also have equity ownership stakes in entities that meet the demands of customers in other countries, primarily China, with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Jiefang and Wuling brands. GM Cruise is our global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of autonomous vehicle technology, and includes autonomous vehicle-related engineering and other costs.

Our automotive operations' interest income and interest expense, Maven, legacy costs from the Opel/Vauxhall Business (primarily pension costs), corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment specific revenues and expenses are recorded centrally in Corporate. Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, our investment in Lyft, PSA warrants, Maven vehicles and intercompany balances. Retained net underfunded pension liabilities related to the European Business are also recorded in Corporate. All intersegment balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment:



	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	GMNA			GMI			Corporate			Eliminations			Total Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Net sales and revenue	$	113,792		$	19,148		$	203					$	133,143		$	—		$	14,016	$	(110	)	$	147,049
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	10,769		$	423		$	(570	)				$	10,622		$	(728	)	$	1,893	$	(4	)	$	11,783
Adjustments(a)	$	(1,236	)	$	(1,212	)	$	(457	)				$	(2,905	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		(2,905		)
Automotive interest income																								335
Automotive interest expense																								(655		)
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																								(9		)
Income before income taxes																								8,549
Income tax expense																								(474		)
Income from continuing operations																								8,075
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax																								(70		)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests																								9
Net income attributable to stockholders																								$	8,014
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	75		$	7,761		$	24		$	—		$	7,860		$	—		$	1,355	$	—		$	9,215
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,623		$	928		$	1		$	—		$	3,552		$	671		$	1,356	$	—		$	5,579
Total assets	$	109,763		$	24,911		$	31,694		$	(50,690	)	$	115,678		$	3,195		$	109,953	$	(1,487	)	$	227,339
Expenditures for property	$	7,784		$	883		$	21		$	(2	)	$	8,686		$	15		$	60	$	—		$	8,761
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,995		$	562		$	50		$	(3	)	$	5,604		$	7		$	7,531	$	—		$	13,142
Impairment charges	$	55		$	466		$	6		$	—		$	527		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	527
Equity income	$	8		$	1,972		$	—		$	—		$	1,980		$	—		$	183	$	—		$	2,163

__________


(a)	Consists of restructuring and other charges related to transformation activities of $1.2 billion in GMNA; charges of $1.2 billion related to restructuring actions in Korea and other countries in GMI; and charges of $440 million for ignition switch related legal matters and other insignificant charges in Corporate.



	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	GMNA		GMI			Corporate			Eliminations			Total Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Net sales and revenue	$	111,345	$	21,920		$	342					$	133,607		$	—		$	12,151	$	(170	)	$	145,588
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	11,889	$	1,300		$	(921	)				$	12,268		$	(613	)	$	1,196	$	(7	)	$	12,844
Adjustments(a)	$	—	$	(540	)	$	(114	)				$	(654	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		(654		)
Automotive interest income																							266
Automotive interest expense																							(575		)
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																							(18		)
Income before income taxes																							11,863
Income tax expense																							(11,533		)
Income from continuing operations																							330
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax																							(4,212		)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests																							18
Net loss attributable to stockholders																							$	(3,864	)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	68	$	7,818		$	—		$	—		$	7,886		$	—		$	1,187	$	—		$	9,073
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,819	$	973		$	11		$	—		$	3,803		$	679		$	1,367	$	—		$	5,849
Total assets	$	99,874	$	27,712		$	30,573		$	(42,750	)	$	115,409		$	666		$	97,251	$	(844	)	$	212,482
Expenditures for property	$	7,704	$	607		$	14		$	—		$	8,325		$	34		$	94	$	—		$	8,453
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,654	$	708		$	32		$	(1	)	$	5,393		$	1		$	6,573	$	—		$	11,967
Impairment charges	$	78	$	211		$	5		$	—		$	294		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	294
Equity income	$	8	$	1,951		$	—		$	—		$	1,959		$	—		$	173	$	—		$	2,132

__________


(a)	Consists of charges of $460 million related to restructuring actions in India and South Africa in GMI; charges of $80 million associated with the deconsolidation of Venezuela in GMI and charges of $114 million for ignition switch related legal matters in Corporate.



	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate			Eliminations			Total Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Net sales and revenue	$	119,113	$	20,943	$	149					$	140,205		$	—		$	8,983	$	(4	)	$	149,184
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,388	$	767	$	(902	)				$	12,253		$	(171	)	$	763	$	3		$	12,848
Adjustments(a)	$	—	$	—	$	(300	)				$	(300	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		(300		)
Automotive interest income																						182
Automotive interest expense																						(563		)
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																						(159		)
Income before income taxes																						12,008
Income tax expense																						(2,739		)
Income from continuing operations																						9,269
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax																						(1		)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests																						159
Net income attributable to stockholders																						$	9,427
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	74	$	7,978	$	—		$	—		$	8,052		$	—		$	944	$	—		$	8,996
Goodwill and intangibles	$	3,128	$	1,021	$	14		$	—		$	4,163		$	620		$	1,366	$	—		$	6,149
Total assets(b)	$	103,908	$	27,273	$	38,465		$	(35,139	)	$	134,507		$	548		$	87,947	$	(1,312	)	$	221,690
Expenditures for property	$	7,338	$	943	$	8		$	(2	)	$	8,287		$	4		$	93	$	—		$	8,384
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,292	$	702	$	18		$	(5	)	$	5,007		$	1		$	4,678	$	—		$	9,686
Impairment charges	$	65	$	68	$	—		$	—		$	133		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	133
Equity income	$	159	$	1,971	$	—		$	—		$	2,130		$	—		$	152	$	—		$	2,282

__________


(a)	Consists of a net charge of $300 million for ignition switch related legal matters.


(b)	Assets in Corporate and GM Financial include assets classified as held for sale.

Automotive revenue is attributed to geographic areas based on the country of sale. GM Financial revenue is attributed to the geographic area where the financing is originated. The following table summarizes information concerning principal geographic areas:



	At and For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
	Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets
Automotive
U.S.	$	104,413	$	25,625	$	100,674	$	24,473	$	110,661	$	22,241
Non-U.S.	28,632		13,263		32,775		12,715		29,544		11,258
GM Financial
U.S.	12,169		41,334		10,489		40,674		7,462		32,506
Non-U.S.	1,835		2,476		1,650		2,467		1,517		2,050
Total consolidated	$	147,049	$	82,698	$	145,588	$	80,329	$	149,184	$	68,055

No individual country other than the U.S. represented more than 10% of our total Net sales and revenue or Long-lived assets.

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the sources (uses) of cash provided by Change in other operating assets and liabilities and Cash paid for income taxes and interest:



Change in other operating assets and liabilities	Years Ended December 31,
Change in other operating assets and liabilities	2018			2017			2016
Accounts receivable	$	492		$	1,402		$	(1,249	)
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(2,606		)	(2,099		)	(2,184		)
Inventories	399			440			(75		)
Automotive equipment on operating leases	748			(263		)	785
Change in other assets	(529		)	108			(939		)
Accounts payable	(537		)	(362		)	3,195
Income taxes payable	(75		)	(3		)	(162		)
Accrued and other liabilities	732			(2,238		)	1,209
Total	$	(1,376	)	$	(3,015	)	$	580

Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	660		$	656		$	676
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – Automotive	$	656		$	501		$	460
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – GM Financial	2,941			2,571			1,761
Total cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	3,597		$	3,072		$	2,221

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Except for per share amounts or as otherwise specified, amounts presented within tables are stated in millions.

We consolidate entities that we control due to ownership of a majority voting interest and we consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) when we are the primary beneficiary. Our share of earnings or losses of nonconsolidated affiliates is included in our consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting when we are able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate. Beginning January 1, 2018 we no longer use the cost method of accounting due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" (ASU 2016-01). Refer to Note 2 for additional information on recently adopted accounting standards.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements Accounting estimates are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates require the use of judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods.

GM Financial

GM Financial The amounts presented for GM Financial have been adjusted to include the effect of our tax attributes on GM Financial's deferred tax positions and provision for income taxes, which are not applicable to GM Financial on a stand-alone basis, and to eliminate the effect of transactions between GM Financial and the other members of the consolidated group. Accordingly, the amounts presented will differ from those presented by GM Financial on a stand-alone basis.

Revenue Recognition

Advertising and Promotion Expenditures

Research and Development Expenditures

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Fair Value Measurements

Marketable Debt Securities

Accounts and Notes Receivable

GM Finance Receivables

Inventories

Equipment on Operating Leases

Equity Investments

Property, net and Special Tools

Goodwill

Intangible Assets, net

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Pension and OPEB Plans

Stock Incentive Plans

Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns

Income Taxes

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation

Derivative Financial Instruments

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

The following table summarizes the financial statement line items within our consolidated income statement and balance sheet significantly impacted by ASU 2014-09:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Income Statement
Automotive net sales and revenue	$	133,045	$	132,101	$	944
Automotive and other cost of sales	$	120,656	$	119,635	$	1,021
Income before income taxes	$	8,549	$	8,428	$	121
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	8,014	$	7,906	$	108



	December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Balance Sheet
Equipment on operating leases, net	$	247	$	1,182	$	(935	)
Deferred income taxes	$	24,082	$	23,652	$	430
Accrued liabilities	$	28,049	$	26,543	$	1,506
Other liabilities	$	12,357	$	12,792	$	(435	)
Retained earnings	$	22,322	$	23,550	$	(1,228	)

The following table summarizes the changes to our consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-02:



	December 31, 2017			Adjustment due to ASU 2014-09			Adjustment due to ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-02			January 1, 2018
Deferred income taxes	$	23,544		$	444		$	(63	)	$	23,925
Other assets	$	4,929		$	195		$	242		$	5,366
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	24,450		$	—		$	(13	)	$	24,437
Accrued liabilities	$	25,996		$	2,328		$	—		$	28,324
Other liabilities	$	12,394		$	(235	)	$	—		$	12,159
Retained earnings	$	17,627		$	(1,336	)	$	290		$	16,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(8,011	)	$	—		$	(98	)	$	(8,109	)

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles

The following table summarizes the changes to our consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-02:



	December 31, 2017			Adjustment due to ASU 2014-09			Adjustment due to ASU 2016-01, ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-02			January 1, 2018
Deferred income taxes	$	23,544		$	444		$	(63	)	$	23,925
Other assets	$	4,929		$	195		$	242		$	5,366
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	24,450		$	—		$	(13	)	$	24,437
Accrued liabilities	$	25,996		$	2,328		$	—		$	28,324
Other liabilities	$	12,394		$	(235	)	$	—		$	12,159
Retained earnings	$	17,627		$	(1,336	)	$	290		$	16,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(8,011	)	$	—		$	(98	)	$	(8,109	)

The following table summarizes the financial statement line items within our consolidated income statement and balance sheet significantly impacted by ASU 2014-09:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Income Statement
Automotive net sales and revenue	$	133,045	$	132,101	$	944
Automotive and other cost of sales	$	120,656	$	119,635	$	1,021
Income before income taxes	$	8,549	$	8,428	$	121
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	8,014	$	7,906	$	108



	December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Balance Sheet
Equipment on operating leases, net	$	247	$	1,182	$	(935	)
Deferred income taxes	$	24,082	$	23,652	$	430
Accrued liabilities	$	28,049	$	26,543	$	1,506
Other liabilities	$	12,357	$	12,792	$	(435	)
Retained earnings	$	22,322	$	23,550	$	(1,228	)

Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue by Major Source

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for revenue generating segments:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	107,217	$	17,980	$	20	$	125,217	$	—	$	(62	)	$	125,155
Used vehicles	3,215		175		—		3,390		—		(36		)	3,354
Services and other	3,360		993		183		4,536		—		—			4,536
Automotive net sales and revenue	113,792		19,148		203		133,143		—		(98		)	133,045
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		9,963		—			9,963
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		3,629		(8		)	3,621
Other income	—		—		—		—		424		(4		)	420
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		14,016		(12		)	14,004
Net sales and revenue	$	113,792	$	19,148	$	203	$	133,143	$	14,016	$	(110	)	$	147,049

Marketable and Other Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities which approximates cost:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits(a)		$	7,254	$	6,962
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	4,656		750
Corporate debt	2	3,791		3,032
Sovereign debt	2	1,976		1,954
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		10,423		5,736
Money market funds	1	3,167		2,814
Total cash and cash equivalents(b)		$	20,844	$	15,512
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	1,230	$	3,310
Corporate debt	2	3,478		3,665
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	695		635
Sovereign debt	2	563		703
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities		$	5,966	$	8,313
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	260	$	219
Money market funds	1	2,392		2,117
Total restricted cash		$	2,652	$	2,336

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(c)
Due in one year or less		$	11,288
Due between one and five years		4,406
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	15,694

__________


(a)	Includes $616 million that is designated exclusively to fund capital expenditures in GM Korea at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(b)	Includes $2.3 billion in GM Cruise at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(c)	Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities which approximates cost:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits(a)		$	7,254	$	6,962
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	4,656		750
Corporate debt	2	3,791		3,032
Sovereign debt	2	1,976		1,954
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		10,423		5,736
Money market funds	1	3,167		2,814
Total cash and cash equivalents(b)		$	20,844	$	15,512
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	1,230	$	3,310
Corporate debt	2	3,478		3,665
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	695		635
Sovereign debt	2	563		703
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities		$	5,966	$	8,313
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	260	$	219
Money market funds	1	2,392		2,117
Total restricted cash		$	2,652	$	2,336

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(c)
Due in one year or less		$	11,288
Due between one and five years		4,406
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	15,694

__________


(a)	Includes $616 million that is designated exclusively to fund capital expenditures in GM Korea at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(b)	Includes $2.3 billion in GM Cruise at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(c)	Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Available-for-sale Securities

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities which approximates cost:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits(a)		$	7,254	$	6,962
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	4,656		750
Corporate debt	2	3,791		3,032
Sovereign debt	2	1,976		1,954
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		10,423		5,736
Money market funds	1	3,167		2,814
Total cash and cash equivalents(b)		$	20,844	$	15,512
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	1,230	$	3,310
Corporate debt	2	3,478		3,665
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	695		635
Sovereign debt	2	563		703
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities		$	5,966	$	8,313
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	260	$	219
Money market funds	1	2,392		2,117
Total restricted cash		$	2,652	$	2,336

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(c)
Due in one year or less		$	11,288
Due between one and five years		4,406
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	15,694

__________


(a)	Includes $616 million that is designated exclusively to fund capital expenditures in GM Korea at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(b)	Includes $2.3 billion in GM Cruise at December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.


(c)	Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash from Balance Sheet to Statement of Cash Flows



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	20,844	$	15,512
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,083		1,745
Restricted cash included in Other assets	569		591
Total	$	23,496	$	17,848

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions (Tables) - GM Financial [Member]

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

GM Financial Receivables



	December 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	Retail			Commercial(a)			Total			Retail			Commercial(a)			Total
Finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees	$	38,220		$	12,235		$	50,455		$	30,486		$	9,935		$	40,421
Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees	2,348			41			2,389			2,228			22			2,250
GM Financial receivables	40,568			12,276			52,844			32,714			9,957			42,671
Less: allowance for loan losses	(844		)	(67		)	(911		)	(889		)	(53		)	(942		)
GM Financial receivables, net	$	39,724		$	12,209		$	51,933		$	31,825		$	9,904		$	41,729

Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 2 inputs							$	12,209								$	9,904
Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 3 inputs							$	39,430								$	31,831

__________


(a)	Net of dealer cash management balances of $922 million and $536 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Allowance for Loan Losses



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	942		$	805		$	749
Provision for loan losses	642			757			644
Charge-offs	(1,199		)	(1,173		)	(1,137		)
Recoveries	536			552			542
Effect of foreign currency	(10		)	1			7
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	911		$	942		$	805

Intercompany Transactions



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Commercial finance receivables, net due from GM consolidated dealers	$	445	$	355
Direct-financing lease receivables from GM subsidiaries	$	134	$	88
Subvention receivable(a)	$	727	$	306
Commercial loan funding payable	$	61	$	90



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Consolidated Statements of Income
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	$	554	$	492	$	387
Leased vehicle subvention earned	$	3,274	$	3,046	$	2,232

__________


(a)	Cash paid by Automotive segments to GM Financial for subvention was $3.8 billion, $4.3 billion, and $4.2 billion during 2018, 2017 and 2016

Retail Finance Receivables [Member]

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

Retail Finance Receivables Delinquency

The following table summarizes the contractual amount of delinquent retail finance receivables, which is not significantly different than the recorded investment of the retail finance receivables:



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Amount		Percent of Contractual Amount Due		Amount		Percent of Contractual Amount Due
31-to-60 days delinquent	$	1,349	3.3	%	$	1,334	4.1	%
Greater-than-60 days delinquent	547		1.4	%	559		1.7	%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	1,896		4.7	%	1,893		5.8	%
In repossession	44		0.1	%	27		—	%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	$	1,940	4.8	%	$	1,920	5.8	%

Commercial Finance Receivables [Member]

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

Commercial Finance Receivables Credit Quality

The following table summarizes the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of the commercial finance receivables:



		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Group I	– Dealers with superior financial metrics	$	2,192	$	1,915
Group II	– Dealers with strong financial metrics	4,399		3,465
Group III	– Dealers with fair financial metrics	4,064		3,239
Group IV	– Dealers with weak financial metrics	1,116		997
Group V	– Dealers warranting special mention due to elevated risks	422		260
Group VI	– Dealers with loans classified as substandard, doubtful or impaired	83		81
		$	12,276	$	9,957

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$	4,274	$	4,203
Finished product, including service parts	5,542		6,460
Total inventories	$	9,816	$	10,663

Equipment on Operating Leases (Tables) - Vehicles [Member]

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]

Schedule of Equipment on Operating Leases



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Equipment on operating leases	$	55,282		$	53,947
Less: accumulated depreciation	(11,476		)	(9,959		)
Equipment on operating leases, net(a)	$	43,806		$	43,988

__________


(a)	Includes $43.6 billion and $42.9 billion of GM Financial Equipment on operating leases, net at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

GM Financial [Member]

Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments Receivable for Operating Leases

The following table summarizes minimum rental payments due to GM Financial on leases to retail customers:



	Years Ending December 31,
	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total
Minimum rental receipts under operating leases	$	6,733	$	4,141	$	1,568	$	155	$	9	$	12,606

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Schedule of Equity Income

Revenue and expenses of our joint ventures are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Automotive China equity income	$	1,981	$	1,976	$	1,973
Other joint ventures equity income	182		156		309
Total Equity income	$	2,163	$	2,132	$	2,282

Carrying Amount of Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Automotive China carrying amount	$	7,779	$	7,832
Other investments carrying amount	1,436		1,241
Total equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	9,215	$	9,073

Summarized Financial Data for Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates



	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Automotive China JVs		Others		Total		Automotive China JVs		Others		Total
Summarized Balance Sheet Data
Current assets	$	16,506	$	16,234	$	32,740	$	17,370	$	13,484	$	30,854
Non-current assets	14,012		3,870		17,882		14,188		3,409		17,597
Total assets	$	30,518	$	20,104	$	50,622	$	31,558	$	16,893	$	48,451

Current liabilities	$	21,574	$	13,985	$	35,559	$	22,642	$	12,255	$	34,897
Non-current liabilities	1,689		2,826		4,515		1,639		1,903		3,542
Total liabilities	$	23,263	$	16,811	$	40,074	$	24,281	$	14,158	$	38,439

Noncontrolling interests	$	865	$	1	$	866	$	871	$	1	$	872



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Summarized Operating Data
Automotive China JVs' net sales	$	50,316	$	50,065	$	47,150
Others' net sales	1,721		2,542		2,412
Total net sales	$	52,037	$	52,607	$	49,562

Automotive China JVs' net income	$	3,992	$	3,984	$	4,117
Others' net income	536		648		378
Total net income	$	4,528	$	4,632	$	4,495

Equity Method Investee [Member]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Transactions with and Balances Related to Nonconsolidated Affiliates

The following tables summarize transactions with and balances related to our nonconsolidated affiliates:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Automotive sales and revenue	$	406	$	923	$	889
Automotive purchases, net	$	1,155	$	674	$	803
Dividends received	$	2,022	$	2,000	$	2,120
Operating cash flows	$	657	$	2,321	$	2,512



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts and notes receivable, net	$	979	$	780
Accounts payable	$	163	$	534
Undistributed earnings	$	2,331	$	2,184

China JVs [Member]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments

The following table summarizes our direct ownership interests in our China JVs:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Automotive China JVs
SAIC General Motors Corp., Ltd. (SGM)	50	%	50	%
FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. (FAW-GM)	50	%	50	%
Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.	50	%	50	%
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd.	49	%	49	%
SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW)	44	%	44	%
Shanghai OnStar Telematics Co., Ltd. (Shanghai OnStar)	40	%	40	%
SAIC GM (Shenyang) Norsom Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM Norsom)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM DY)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Powertrain Co., Ltd. (SGM DYPT)	25	%	25	%
Other joint ventures
SAIC-GMAC	35	%	35	%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.	35	%

Property (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment



	Estimated Useful Lives in Years	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Land		$	1,349		$	1,647
Buildings and improvements	5-40	9,173			7,471
Machinery and equipment	3-27	26,453			23,915
Special tools	1-13	23,828			21,113
Construction in progress		4,680			6,188
Total property		65,483			60,334
Less: accumulated depreciation		(26,725		)	(24,081		)
Total property, net		$	38,758		$	36,253

Depreciation Amortization and Impairment of Property Plant and Equipment

The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	5,347	$	4,966	$	4,622
Impairment charges	$	466	$	199	$	68
Capitalized software amortization expense(a)	$	424	$	459	$	458

__________


(a)	Included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Intangible Assets



	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property	$	734	$	457	$	277	$	8,092	$	7,735	$	357
Brands	4,299		1,165		3,134		4,302		1,044		3,258
Dealer network, customer relationships and other	968		661		307		1,310		933		377
Total intangible assets	$	6,001	$	2,283	$	3,718	$	13,704	$	9,712	$	3,992

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

GM Financial [Member] | Consolidated VIE [Member]

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to GM Financial's consolidated VIEs:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Restricted cash – current	$	1,876	$	1,740
Restricted cash – non-current	$	504	$	527
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	$	18,304	$	15,141
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	$	14,008	$	12,944
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	$	21,781	$	22,222
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	21,087	$	18,972
GM Financial long-term debt	$	21,417	$	20,356

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Accrued and Other Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued and Other Liabilities



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$	11,611	$	8,523
Deposits primarily from rental car companies	405		2,113
Deferred revenue	3,504		3,400
Product warranty and related liabilities	2,788		2,994
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	2,233		2,594
Other	7,508		6,372
Total accrued liabilities	$	28,049	$	25,996

Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	$	2,959	$	2,887
Product warranty and related liabilities	4,802		5,338
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	658		680
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	875		574
Other	3,063		2,915
Total other liabilities	$	12,357	$	12,394

Product Warranty and Related Liabilities



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$	8,332		$	9,069		$	8,550
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	665			678			899
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	2,143			2,123			2,338
Payments	(2,903		)	(3,129		)	(3,375		)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	(464		)	(495		)	636
Effect of foreign currency and other	(183		)	86			21
Warranty balance at end of period	$	7,590		$	8,332		$	9,069

Automotive and GM Financial Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Interest expense



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Automotive interest expense	$	655	$	575	$	563
Automotive Financing - GM Financial interest expense	3,225		2,566		1,972
Total interest expense	$	3,880	$	3,141	$	2,535

Schedule of maturities of long-term debt

The following table summarizes contractual maturities including capital leases at December 31, 2018:



	Automotive		Automotive Financing(a)		Total
2019	$	949	$	31,045	$	31,994
2020	589		23,153		23,742
2021	505		15,038		15,543
2022	49		7,430		7,479
2023	1,544		5,083		6,627
Thereafter	10,826		9,937		20,763
	$	14,462	$	91,686	$	106,148

________


(a)	Secured debt, credit facilities and other unsecured debt are based on expected payoff date. Senior notes principal amounts are based on maturity.

Automotive [Member]

Debt carrying amount and fair value



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Secured debt	$	143		$	204
Unsecured debt	13,292			12,579
Capital leases	528			719
Total automotive debt(a)	$	13,963		$	13,502

Fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs	$	11,693		$	13,202
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs	1,838			1,886
Fair value of automotive debt	$	13,531		$	15,088

Available under credit facility agreements	$	14,167		$	14,067
Interest rate range on outstanding debt(b)	0.0-18.5%			0.0-21.8%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt(b)	6.6		%	4.7		%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt(b)	5.2		%	5.2		%

__________


(a)	Includes net discount and debt issuance costs of $499 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017.


(b)	Includes coupon rates on debt denominated in various foreign currencies and interest free loans and the impact of reclassification of $1.5 billion of senior unsecured notes from long-term to short-term in the year ended December 31, 2017.

GM Financial [Member]

Debt carrying amount and fair value



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	42,835	$	42,835	$	39,887	$	39,948
Unsecured debt	48,153		47,556		40,830		41,989
Total GM Financial debt	$	90,988	$	90,391	$	80,717	$	81,937

Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	88,305			$	79,623
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs			$	2,086			$	2,314

Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Automotive [Member]

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Notional Amounts for Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative financial instruments in our automotive operations:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Foreign currency	2	$	2,710	$	4,022
Commodity	2	658		606
PSA Warrants(b)	2	45		48
Total derivative financial instruments		$	3,413	$	4,676

__________


(a)	The fair value of these derivative instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the gains/losses included in our consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were insignificant, unless otherwise noted.


(b)	The fair value of the PSA warrants located in Other assets was $827 million and $764 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. We recorded insignificant amounts in Interest income and other non-operating income, net for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

GM Financial [Member]

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Notional Amounts for Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the notional amounts of GM Financial's derivative financial instruments:



	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedges(a)(b)
Fair value hedges – interest rate swaps(c)	2	$	9,533	$	11,110
Fair value hedges – foreign currency swaps(c)	2	1,829		—
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	768		2,177
Foreign currency swaps	2	2,075		1,574
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)(b)
Interest rate contracts(d)	2	99,666		81,938
Foreign currency swaps	2	—		1,201
Total derivative financial instruments(e)		$	113,871	$	98,000

__________


(a)	The fair value of these derivative instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 and the gains/losses included in our consolidated income statements and statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were insignificant, unless otherwise noted.


(b)	Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net receivable position are included in Other assets. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net payable position are included in Other liabilities.


(c)	The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other liabilities was $291 million and $290 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other assets were insignificant at December 31, 2018 and 2017.


(d)	The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other assets was $372 million and $329 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The fair value of these derivative instruments located in Other liabilities was $520 million and $207 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017.


(e)	We held insignificant amounts and posted $451 million and $299 million of collateral available for netting at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Schedule of Fair Value Hedging Instruments, Statements of Financial Performance and Financial Position, Location [Table Text Block]

The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:



	December 31, 2018
	Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)
GM Financial long-term debt	$	17,923	$	459

__________


(a)	Includes $247 million of adjustments remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued.

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Changes in Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status



	Year Ended December 31, 2018									Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	68,450		$	22,789		$	6,374		$	68,827		$	21,156		$	6,180
Service cost	209			149			20			203			180			19
Interest cost	2,050			464			195			2,145			473			202
Actuarial (gains) losses	(4,449		)	(272		)	(389		)	2,885			561			311
Benefits paid	(4,898		)	(1,595		)	(388		)	(5,067		)	(1,369		)	(426		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			(1,452		)	(106		)	—			1,953			78
Curtailments, settlements and other	(172		)	(179		)	38			(543		)	(165		)	10
Ending benefit obligation	61,190			19,904			5,744			68,450			22,789			6,374
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	62,639			14,495			—			61,622			12,799			—
Actual return on plan assets	(1,419		)	301			—			6,549			1,025			—
Employer contributions	76			1,624			369			77			1,153			406
Benefits paid	(4,898		)	(1,595		)	(388		)	(5,067		)	(1,369		)	(426		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			(1,106		)	—			—			1,007			—
Settlements and other	(296		)	(191		)	19			(542		)	(120		)	20
Ending fair value of plan assets	56,102			13,528			—			62,639			14,495			—
Ending funded status	$	(5,088	)	$	(6,376	)	$	(5,744	)	$	(5,811	)	$	(8,294	)	$	(6,374	)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	—		$	496		$	—		$	—		$	67		$	—
Current liabilities	(73		)	(349		)	(374		)	(71		)	(355		)	(376		)
Non-current liabilities	(5,015		)	(6,523		)	(5,370		)	(5,740		)	(8,006		)	(5,998		)
Net amount recorded	$	(5,088	)	$	(6,376	)	$	(5,744	)	$	(5,811	)	$	(8,294	)	$	(6,374	)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial gain (loss)	$	(752	)	$	(3,983	)	$	(752	)	$	114		$	(4,163	)	$	(1,186	)
Net prior service (cost) credit	19			(64		)	34			23			(26		)	55
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(733	)	$	(4,047	)	$	(718	)	$	137		$	(4,189	)	$	(1,131	)

Schedule of amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets



	Year Ended December 31, 2018									Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	68,450		$	22,789		$	6,374		$	68,827		$	21,156		$	6,180
Service cost	209			149			20			203			180			19
Interest cost	2,050			464			195			2,145			473			202
Actuarial (gains) losses	(4,449		)	(272		)	(389		)	2,885			561			311
Benefits paid	(4,898		)	(1,595		)	(388		)	(5,067		)	(1,369		)	(426		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			(1,452		)	(106		)	—			1,953			78
Curtailments, settlements and other	(172		)	(179		)	38			(543		)	(165		)	10
Ending benefit obligation	61,190			19,904			5,744			68,450			22,789			6,374
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	62,639			14,495			—			61,622			12,799			—
Actual return on plan assets	(1,419		)	301			—			6,549			1,025			—
Employer contributions	76			1,624			369			77			1,153			406
Benefits paid	(4,898		)	(1,595		)	(388		)	(5,067		)	(1,369		)	(426		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—			(1,106		)	—			—			1,007			—
Settlements and other	(296		)	(191		)	19			(542		)	(120		)	20
Ending fair value of plan assets	56,102			13,528			—			62,639			14,495			—
Ending funded status	$	(5,088	)	$	(6,376	)	$	(5,744	)	$	(5,811	)	$	(8,294	)	$	(6,374	)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	—		$	496		$	—		$	—		$	67		$	—
Current liabilities	(73		)	(349		)	(374		)	(71		)	(355		)	(376		)
Non-current liabilities	(5,015		)	(6,523		)	(5,370		)	(5,740		)	(8,006		)	(5,998		)
Net amount recorded	$	(5,088	)	$	(6,376	)	$	(5,744	)	$	(5,811	)	$	(8,294	)	$	(6,374	)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial gain (loss)	$	(752	)	$	(3,983	)	$	(752	)	$	114		$	(4,163	)	$	(1,186	)
Net prior service (cost) credit	19			(64		)	34			23			(26		)	55
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(733	)	$	(4,047	)	$	(718	)	$	137		$	(4,189	)	$	(1,131	)

Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	61,177	$	19,822	$	68,437	$	22,650
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	61,177	$	10,289	$	68,437	$	21,679
Fair value of plan assets	$	56,102	$	3,485	$	62,639	$	13,408
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	61,190	$	10,356	$	68,450	$	21,822
Fair value of plan assets	$	56,102	$	3,485	$	62,639	$	13,411

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	61,177	$	19,822	$	68,437	$	22,650
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	61,177	$	10,289	$	68,437	$	21,679
Fair value of plan assets	$	56,102	$	3,485	$	62,639	$	13,408
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	61,190	$	10,356	$	68,450	$	21,822
Fair value of plan assets	$	56,102	$	3,485	$	62,639	$	13,411

Schedule of Net Periodic Pension and OPEB expense

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018									Year Ended December 31, 2017									Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans
Components of expense
Service cost	$	330		$	163		$	20		$	315		$	199		$	19		$	381		$	273		$	18
Interest cost	2,050			464			195			2,145			473			202			2,212			527			201
Expected return on plan assets	(3,890		)	(825		)	—			(3,677		)	(750		)	—			(3,778		)	(733		)	—
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	10			144			54			(6		)	157			23			(25		)	137			19
Curtailments, settlements and other	(19		)	43			(19		)	(37		)	8			(5		)	(4		)	16			(13		)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(1,519	)	$	(11	)	$	250		$	(1,260	)	$	87		$	239		$	(1,214	)	$	220		$	225
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	4.22		%	2.86		%	4.19		%	3.53		%	2.66		%	3.52		%	3.92		%	2.88		%	3.93		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	3.19		%	2.99		%	3.29		%	3.35		%	2.94		%	3.39		%	3.36		%	3.14		%	3.49		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.61		%	6.09		%	N/A			6.23		%	5.82		%	N/A			6.33		%	6.07		%	N/A

_________


(a)	The rate of compensation increase does not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

Schedule of Assumptions Used

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:



	Year Ended December 31, 2018									Year Ended December 31, 2017									Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans			U.S.			Non-U.S.			Global OPEB Plans
Components of expense
Service cost	$	330		$	163		$	20		$	315		$	199		$	19		$	381		$	273		$	18
Interest cost	2,050			464			195			2,145			473			202			2,212			527			201
Expected return on plan assets	(3,890		)	(825		)	—			(3,677		)	(750		)	—			(3,778		)	(733		)	—
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	10			144			54			(6		)	157			23			(25		)	137			19
Curtailments, settlements and other	(19		)	43			(19		)	(37		)	8			(5		)	(4		)	16			(13		)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(1,519	)	$	(11	)	$	250		$	(1,260	)	$	87		$	239		$	(1,214	)	$	220		$	225
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	4.22		%	2.86		%	4.19		%	3.53		%	2.66		%	3.52		%	3.92		%	2.88		%	3.93		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	3.19		%	2.99		%	3.29		%	3.35		%	2.94		%	3.39		%	3.36		%	3.14		%	3.49		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.61		%	6.09		%	N/A			6.23		%	5.82		%	N/A			6.33		%	6.07		%	N/A

_________


(a)	The rate of compensation increase does not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

Schedule of Expected Net Benefit Payments

The following table summarizes net benefit payments expected to be paid in the future, which include assumptions related to estimated future employee service:



	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Global OPEB Plans
2019	$	5,325	$	1,360	$	379
2020	$	4,858	$	1,212	$	374
2021	$	4,720	$	1,174	$	369
2022	$	4,603	$	1,144	$	364
2023	$	4,491	$	1,113	$	361
2024 - 2028	$	20,803	$	5,116	$	1,762

Pension Plan [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of contributions to defined benefit pension plans

The following table summarizes contributions made to the defined benefit pension plans:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
U.S. hourly and salaried	$	76	$	77	$	2,054
Non-U.S.	1,624		1,153		1,022
Total	$	1,700	$	1,230	$	3,076

Schedules of Fair Value of Plan Assets by Asset Class and Target Allocations

The following table summarizes the target allocations by asset category for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:



	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
Equity	12	%	14	%	15	%	18	%
Debt	64	%	66	%	61	%	56	%
Other(a)	24	%	20	%	24	%	26	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

__________


(a)	Primarily includes private equity, real estate and absolute return strategies which mainly consist of hedge funds.

Assets and Fair Value Measurements The following tables summarize the fair value of U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets by asset class:



	December 31, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
U.S. Pension Plan Assets
Common and preferred stocks	$	4,914	$	18	$	2	$	4,934	$	8,892	$	17	$	2	$	8,911
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		12,077		—		12,077		—		12,116		—		12,116
Corporate and other debt securities	—		24,645		—		24,645		—		26,122		—		26,122
Other investments, net	350		80		371		801		552		119		395		1,066
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	5,264	$	36,820	$	373	42,457		$	9,444	$	38,374	$	397	48,215
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							6,465								6,632
Private equity and debt investments							3,021								3,539
Real estate investments							3,504								3,351
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							12,990								13,522
Other plan assets, net(b)							655								902
Net plan assets							$	56,102							$	62,639



	December 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets
Common and preferred stocks	$	441	$	1	$	5	$	447		$	578	$	1	$	6	$	585
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		3,640		—		3,640			—		3,853		—		3,853
Corporate and other debt securities	—		2,589		1		2,590			—		2,566		—		2,566
Other investments, net	59		128		242		429			23		149		438		610
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	500	$	6,358	$	248	7,106			$	601	$	6,569	$	444	7,614
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							5,081									5,346
Private equity and debt investments							526									570
Real estate investments							980									1,097
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							6,587									7,013
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(b)							(165		)							(132		)
Net plan assets							$	13,528								$	14,495

__________


(a)	Includes U.S. and sovereign government and agency issues.


(b)	Cash held by the plans, net of amounts receivable/payable for unsettled security transactions and payables for investment manager fees, custody fees and other expenses.

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Commitments for Operating Leases

The following table summarizes our minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases having initial terms in excess of one year, primarily for property:



	2019			2020			2021			2022			2023			Thereafter			Total
Minimum commitments(a)	$	296		$	286		$	247		$	180		$	146		$	582		$	1,737
Sublease income	(61		)	(51		)	(44		)	(38		)	(33		)	(129		)	(356		)
Net minimum commitments	$	235		$	235		$	203		$	142		$	113		$	453		$	1,381

__________


(a)	Certain leases contain escalation clauses and renewal or purchase options.

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
U.S. income	$	4,433	$	8,399	$	9,989
Non-U.S. income (loss)	1,953		1,332		(263		)
Income before income taxes and equity income	$	6,386	$	9,731	$	9,726

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	$	(104	)	$	18		$	(126	)
U.S. state and local	113			83			65
Non-U.S.	577			552			572
Total current income tax expense	586			653			511
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	(578		)	7,831			1,865
U.S. state and local	250			(187		)	264
Non-U.S.	216			3,236			99
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(112		)	10,880			2,228
Total income tax expense	$	474		$	11,533		$	2,739

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$	1,341		$	3,406		$	3,404
State and local tax expense	282			(76		)	190
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	90			(145		)	(61		)
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income	(822		)	(941		)	(894		)
Change in valuation allowances	1,695			2,712			237
Change in tax laws	(134		)	7,194			147
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(695		)	(428		)	(342		)
Capital loss expiration	107			—			—
Settlements of prior year tax matters	(188		)	(256		)	(46		)
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	(59		)	—			(94		)
German statutory approval of net operating losses	(990		)	—			—
Other adjustments	(153		)	67			198
Total income tax expense	$	474		$	11,533		$	2,739

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	1,584		$	1,948
Pension and other employee benefit plans	3,020			3,285
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	6,307			5,675
U.S. capitalized research expenditures	5,176			4,413
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a)	8,591			8,578
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b)	6,393			5,103
Miscellaneous	2,034			1,697
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	33,105			30,699
Less: valuation allowances	(7,976		)	(6,690		)
Total deferred tax assets	25,129			24,009
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	1,098			418
Intangible assets	729			735
Total deferred tax liabilities	1,827			1,153
Net deferred tax assets	$	23,302		$	22,856

_________


(a)	At December 31, 2018 U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $8.6 billion expire through 2038 if not utilized.


(b)	At December 31, 2018 Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $1.2 billion expire through 2037 if not utilized and the remaining balance of $5.2 billion may be carried forward indefinitely.

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,557		$	1,182		$	1,337
Additions to current year tax positions	292			160			49
Additions to prior years' tax positions	264			448			96
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(244		)	(195		)	(192		)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(38		)	(44		)	(103		)
Settlements	(450		)	(11		)	(1		)
Other	(40		)	17			(4		)
Balance at end of period	$	1,341		$	1,557		$	1,182

Restructuring And Other Initiatives (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs

The following table summarizes the reserves and charges related to restructuring and other initiatives, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	227		$	268		$	383
Additions, interest accretion and other	1,637			330			412
Payments	(600		)	(315		)	(490		)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency	(142		)	(56		)	(37		)
Balance at end of period	$	1,122		$	227		$	268

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017			2016
Non-service pension and OPEB income	$	1,665	$	1,316		$	1,262
Interest income	335		266			182
Licensing agreements income	296		74			94
Revaluation of investments	258		(56		)	—
Other	42		45			65
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	$	2,596	$	1,645		$	1,603

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(1,606	)	$	(2,355	)	$	(2,034	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax and impact of adoption of accounting standards(a)(b)(c)	(664		)	560			(317		)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)	20			189			(4		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(a)	(644		)	749			(321		)
Balance at end of period	$	(2,250	)	$	(1,606	)	$	(2,355	)
Defined Benefit Plans
Balance at beginning of period	$	(6,398	)	$	(6,968	)	$	(5,999	)
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of impact of adoption of accounting standards(b)(c)	(580		)	(798		)	(1,546		)
Tax benefit	100			98			459
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax and impact of adoption of accounting standards(b)(c)	(480		)	(700		)	(1,087		)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)(d)	141			1,270			118
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(339		)	570			(969		)
Balance at end of period(e)	$	(6,737	)	$	(6,398	)	$	(6,968	)

__________


(a)	The income tax effect was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.


(b)	The noncontrolling interests are insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.


(c)	Refer to Note 2 for additional information on adoption of accounting standards in 2018.


(d)	$1.2 billion is included in the loss on sale of the Opel/Vauxhall Business in the year ended December 31, 2017. An insignificant amount is included in the computation of periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.


(e)	Consists primarily of unamortized actuarial loss on our defined benefit plans. Refer to the critical accounting estimates section of our MD&A for additional information.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Basic earnings per share
Income from continuing operations(a)	$	8,084		$	348		$	9,428
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock	(98		)	(16		)	—
Income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	7,986			332			9,428
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	70			4,212			1
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	7,916		$	(3,880	)	$	9,427

Weighted-average common shares outstanding	1,411			1,465			1,540

Basic earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	5.66		$	0.23		$	6.12
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05		$	2.88		$	—
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	5.61		$	(2.65	)	$	6.12
Diluted earnings per share
Income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders – diluted(a)	$	7,986		$	332		$	9,428
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax – diluted	$	70		$	4,212		$	1
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$	7,916		$	(3,880	)	$	9,427

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic	1,411			1,465			1,540
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans	20			27			30
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,431			1,492			1,570

Diluted earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	5.58		$	0.22		$	6.00
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05		$	2.82		$	—
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	5.53		$	(2.60	)	$	6.00

Potentially dilutive securities(b)	9			—			—

__________


(a)	Net of Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests.


(b)	Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

Discontinued Operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations

The following table summarizes the results of the European Business operations:



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017			2016
Automotive net sales and revenue	$	—	$	11,257		$	19,704
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		466			552
Total net sales and revenue	—		11,723			20,256
Automotive and other cost of sales	—		11,049			18,894
GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses	—		342			423
Automotive and other selling, general, and administrative expense	—		813			1,356
Other income (expense) items	—		(72		)	93
Loss from discontinued operations before taxes	—		553			324
Loss on sale of discontinued operations before taxes(a)(b)	70		2,176			—
Total loss from discontinued operations before taxes	70		2,729			324
Income tax expense (benefit)(b)(c)	—		1,483			(323		)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	70	$	4,212		$	1

__________


(a)	Includes contract cancellation charges associated with the disposal for the year ended December 31, 2017.


(b)	Total loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax was $3.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017.


(c)	Includes $2.0 billion of deferred tax assets that transferred to PSA Group in the year ended December 31, 2017.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of information related to a disposal group. Includes, but is not limited to, a discontinued operation, disposal classified as held-for-sale or disposed of by means other than sale or disposal of an individually significant component.

+ References

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+ Details

Stock Incentive Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Activity



	Shares (in millions)		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
Units outstanding at January 1, 2018	52.9		$	21.75	2.0
Granted	13.7		$	30.41
Settled	(10.2	)	$	30.23
Forfeited or expired	(8.3	)	$	29.51
Units outstanding at December 31, 2018(a)	48.1		$	19.81	1.3

__________


(a)	Includes the target amount of PSUs.

Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Quarterly Financial Information

The following tables summarize supplementary quarterly financial information:



	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter		4th Quarter
2018
Total net sales and revenue	$	36,099	$	36,760	$	35,791	$	38,399
Automotive and other gross margin(a)	$	2,507	$	3,204	$	3,743	$	2,935
Income from continuing operations	$	1,110	$	2,366	$	2,530	$	2,069
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	70	$	—	$	—	$	—
Net income attributable to stockholders	$	1,046	$	2,390	$	2,534	$	2,044
Basic earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	0.78	$	1.68	$	1.77	$	1.42
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	—	$	—	$	—
Diluted earnings per common share – continuing operations	$	0.77	$	1.66	$	1.75	$	1.40
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	—	$	—	$	—

__________


(a)	Includes our GM Cruise segment.



	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter			4th Quarter
2017
Total net sales and revenue	$	37,266	$	36,984	$	33,623		$	37,715
Automotive and other gross margin(a)	$	4,758	$	4,463	$	3,614		$	4,385
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	2,686	$	2,433	$	114		$	(4,903	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	69	$	770	$	3,096		$	277
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	2,608	$	1,660	$	(2,981	)	$	(5,151	)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations	$	1.78	$	1.62	$	0.08		$	(3.46	)
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	0.51	$	2.14		$	0.19
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations	$	1.75	$	1.60	$	0.08		$	(3.46	)
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	0.05	$	0.51	$	2.11		$	0.19

__________


(a)	Includes our GM Cruise segment.

Segment Reporting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment:



	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	GMNA			GMI			Corporate			Eliminations			Total Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Net sales and revenue	$	113,792		$	19,148		$	203					$	133,143		$	—		$	14,016	$	(110	)	$	147,049
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	10,769		$	423		$	(570	)				$	10,622		$	(728	)	$	1,893	$	(4	)	$	11,783
Adjustments(a)	$	(1,236	)	$	(1,212	)	$	(457	)				$	(2,905	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		(2,905		)
Automotive interest income																								335
Automotive interest expense																								(655		)
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																								(9		)
Income before income taxes																								8,549
Income tax expense																								(474		)
Income from continuing operations																								8,075
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax																								(70		)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests																								9
Net income attributable to stockholders																								$	8,014
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	75		$	7,761		$	24		$	—		$	7,860		$	—		$	1,355	$	—		$	9,215
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,623		$	928		$	1		$	—		$	3,552		$	671		$	1,356	$	—		$	5,579
Total assets	$	109,763		$	24,911		$	31,694		$	(50,690	)	$	115,678		$	3,195		$	109,953	$	(1,487	)	$	227,339
Expenditures for property	$	7,784		$	883		$	21		$	(2	)	$	8,686		$	15		$	60	$	—		$	8,761
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,995		$	562		$	50		$	(3	)	$	5,604		$	7		$	7,531	$	—		$	13,142
Impairment charges	$	55		$	466		$	6		$	—		$	527		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	527
Equity income	$	8		$	1,972		$	—		$	—		$	1,980		$	—		$	183	$	—		$	2,163

__________


(a)	Consists of restructuring and other charges related to transformation activities of $1.2 billion in GMNA; charges of $1.2 billion related to restructuring actions in Korea and other countries in GMI; and charges of $440 million for ignition switch related legal matters and other insignificant charges in Corporate.



	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	GMNA		GMI			Corporate			Eliminations			Total Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Net sales and revenue	$	111,345	$	21,920		$	342					$	133,607		$	—		$	12,151	$	(170	)	$	145,588
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	11,889	$	1,300		$	(921	)				$	12,268		$	(613	)	$	1,196	$	(7	)	$	12,844
Adjustments(a)	$	—	$	(540	)	$	(114	)				$	(654	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		(654		)
Automotive interest income																							266
Automotive interest expense																							(575		)
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																							(18		)
Income before income taxes																							11,863
Income tax expense																							(11,533		)
Income from continuing operations																							330
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax																							(4,212		)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests																							18
Net loss attributable to stockholders																							$	(3,864	)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	68	$	7,818		$	—		$	—		$	7,886		$	—		$	1,187	$	—		$	9,073
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,819	$	973		$	11		$	—		$	3,803		$	679		$	1,367	$	—		$	5,849
Total assets	$	99,874	$	27,712		$	30,573		$	(42,750	)	$	115,409		$	666		$	97,251	$	(844	)	$	212,482
Expenditures for property	$	7,704	$	607		$	14		$	—		$	8,325		$	34		$	94	$	—		$	8,453
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,654	$	708		$	32		$	(1	)	$	5,393		$	1		$	6,573	$	—		$	11,967
Impairment charges	$	78	$	211		$	5		$	—		$	294		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	294
Equity income	$	8	$	1,951		$	—		$	—		$	1,959		$	—		$	173	$	—		$	2,132

__________


(a)	Consists of charges of $460 million related to restructuring actions in India and South Africa in GMI; charges of $80 million associated with the deconsolidation of Venezuela in GMI and charges of $114 million for ignition switch related legal matters in Corporate.



	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate			Eliminations			Total Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Net sales and revenue	$	119,113	$	20,943	$	149					$	140,205		$	—		$	8,983	$	(4	)	$	149,184
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,388	$	767	$	(902	)				$	12,253		$	(171	)	$	763	$	3		$	12,848
Adjustments(a)	$	—	$	—	$	(300	)				$	(300	)	$	—		$	—	$	—		(300		)
Automotive interest income																						182
Automotive interest expense																						(563		)
Net (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																						(159		)
Income before income taxes																						12,008
Income tax expense																						(2,739		)
Income from continuing operations																						9,269
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax																						(1		)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests																						159
Net income attributable to stockholders																						$	9,427
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	74	$	7,978	$	—		$	—		$	8,052		$	—		$	944	$	—		$	8,996
Goodwill and intangibles	$	3,128	$	1,021	$	14		$	—		$	4,163		$	620		$	1,366	$	—		$	6,149
Total assets(b)	$	103,908	$	27,273	$	38,465		$	(35,139	)	$	134,507		$	548		$	87,947	$	(1,312	)	$	221,690
Expenditures for property	$	7,338	$	943	$	8		$	(2	)	$	8,287		$	4		$	93	$	—		$	8,384
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,292	$	702	$	18		$	(5	)	$	5,007		$	1		$	4,678	$	—		$	9,686
Impairment charges	$	65	$	68	$	—		$	—		$	133		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	133
Equity income	$	159	$	1,971	$	—		$	—		$	2,130		$	—		$	152	$	—		$	2,282

__________


(a)	Consists of a net charge of $300 million for ignition switch related legal matters.


(b)	Assets in Corporate and GM Financial include assets classified as held for sale.

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas

The following table summarizes information concerning principal geographic areas:



	At and For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
	Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets
Automotive
U.S.	$	104,413	$	25,625	$	100,674	$	24,473	$	110,661	$	22,241
Non-U.S.	28,632		13,263		32,775		12,715		29,544		11,258
GM Financial
U.S.	12,169		41,334		10,489		40,674		7,462		32,506
Non-U.S.	1,835		2,476		1,650		2,467		1,517		2,050
Total consolidated	$	147,049	$	82,698	$	145,588	$	80,329	$	149,184	$	68,055

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures

The following table summarizes the sources (uses) of cash provided by Change in other operating assets and liabilities and Cash paid for income taxes and interest:



Change in other operating assets and liabilities	Years Ended December 31,
Change in other operating assets and liabilities	2018			2017			2016
Accounts receivable	$	492		$	1,402		$	(1,249	)
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(2,606		)	(2,099		)	(2,184		)
Inventories	399			440			(75		)
Automotive equipment on operating leases	748			(263		)	785
Change in other assets	(529		)	108			(939		)
Accounts payable	(537		)	(362		)	3,195
Income taxes payable	(75		)	(3		)	(162		)
Accrued and other liabilities	732			(2,238		)	1,209
Total	$	(1,376	)	$	(3,015	)	$	580

Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	660		$	656		$	676
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – Automotive	$	656		$	501		$	460
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – GM Financial	2,941			2,571			1,761
Total cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	3,597		$	3,072		$	2,221

Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018
Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Maximum Maturity Period for Highly Liquid Securities		90 days
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [Abstract]
Percentage Recognized as Pension Expense in the First Year		60.00%
Percentage of Pension Expense Recognized in Each of the Next Four Years		10.00%
Subsequent Period Over Which Pension Return Adjustment Is Amortized		4 years
Percentage of Non-US Pension Benefit Obligation Related to Canada, United Kingdom and Germany		92.00%
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Valuation Allowance Methodology Number Of Years Utilized		3 years
Minimum Percentage Threshold To Recognize The Tax Benefit For Uncertain Tax Positions		50.00%
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation [Abstract]
Foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses		$ 168	$ 52	$ 229
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted [Abstract]
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)		(1,144)
Automotive Selling, General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Advertising and Promotion Expenditures [Abstract]
Advertising and Promotion Expenditures		4,000	4,300	4,600
Automotive Cost of Sales [Member]
Research and Development Expenditures [Abstract]
Research and Development Expenditures		$ 7,800	$ 7,300	$ 6,600
GM Financial [Member] \| Minimum [Member] \| Vehicles [Member]
Equipment on Operating Leases, net [Abstract]
Leasing Arrangements, Term of Contract		2 years
GM Financial [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| Vehicles [Member]
Equipment on Operating Leases, net [Abstract]
Leasing Arrangements, Term of Contract		5 years
GM Financial [Member] \| Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Period Past Due Threshold for Suspending Accrual of Finance Charge Income		60 days
Finance Receivables [Abstract]
Period Past Due Threshold for Charge Off of Finance Receivables		120 days
GM Financial [Member] \| Commercial Finance Receivables [Member]
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Period Past Due Threshold for Suspending Accrual of Finance Charge Income		90 days
Automotive [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Revenue Recognition, Separate and Bundled Services, Term		3 years
Automotive [Member] \| Vehicles [Member]
Equipment on Operating Leases, net [Abstract]
Leasing Arrangements, Term of Contract		7 months
Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)						$ 182
Accounting Standards Update 2017-12 and Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)					$ 108
Forecast [Member] \| Noncancelable Operating Lease Assets [Member] \| Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted [Abstract]
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)	$ 1,000
Forecast [Member] \| Noncancelable Operating Lease Obligations [Member] \| Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted [Abstract]
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)	$ 1,000

Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 01, 2018
Income Statement
Automotive net sales and revenue									$ 133,045
Automotive and other cost of sales									120,656	$ 116,229	$ 121,784
Income before income taxes									8,549	11,863	12,008
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$ 2,044	$ 2,534	$ 2,390	$ 1,046	$ (5,151)	$ (2,981)	$ 1,660	$ 2,608	8,014	(3,864)	$ 9,427
Balance Sheet
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7)	247				1,106				247	1,106
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)	24,082				23,544				24,082	23,544		$ 23,925
Other assets	5,770				4,929				5,770	4,929		5,366
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	28,049				25,996				28,049	25,996		28,324
Other liabilities (Note 12)	12,357				12,394				12,357	12,394		12,159
Retained earnings	22,322				17,627				22,322	17,627		16,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(9,039)				(8,011)				(9,039)	(8,011)		(8,109)
GM Financial [Member]
Balance Sheet
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)	30,956				$ 24,450				30,956	$ 24,450		24,437
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member]
Income Statement
Automotive net sales and revenue									133,045
Automotive and other cost of sales									120,656
Income before income taxes									8,549
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders									8,014
Balance Sheet
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7)	247								247
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)	24,082								24,082			444
Other assets												195
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	28,049								28,049			2,328
Other liabilities (Note 12)	12,357								12,357			(235)
Retained earnings	22,322								22,322			(1,336)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss												0
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Balance Sheet
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)												0
Accounting Standards Update 2016-01 [Member]
Newly Adopted Accounting Standard, Modified Retrospective Basis [Abstract]
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)												182
Accounting Standards Update 2017-12 and Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member]
Newly Adopted Accounting Standard, Modified Retrospective Basis [Abstract]
Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2)				$ 108
Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, Accounting Standards Update 2017-12 and Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member]
Balance Sheet
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)												(63)
Other assets												242
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)												0
Other liabilities (Note 12)												0
Retained earnings												290
Accumulated other comprehensive loss												(98)
Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, Accounting Standards Update 2017-12 and Accounting Standards Update 2018-02 [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Balance Sheet
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)												$ (13)
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member]
Income Statement
Automotive net sales and revenue									944
Automotive and other cost of sales									1,021
Income before income taxes									121
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders									108
Balance Sheet
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7)	(935)								(935)
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)	430								430
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	1,506								1,506
Other liabilities (Note 12)	(435)								(435)
Retained earnings	(1,228)								(1,228)
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member]
Income Statement
Automotive net sales and revenue									132,101
Automotive and other cost of sales									119,635
Income before income taxes									8,428
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders									7,906
Balance Sheet
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7)	1,182								1,182
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)	23,652								23,652
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	26,543								26,543
Other liabilities (Note 12)	12,792								12,792
Retained earnings	$ 23,550								$ 23,550

Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									$ 133,045
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)	$ 38,399	$ 35,791	$ 36,760	$ 36,099	$ 37,715	$ 33,623	$ 36,984	$ 37,266	147,049	$ 145,588	$ 149,184
Operating Segments [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Leased vehicle income									9,963
Finance charge income									3,629
Other income									424
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									14,016	12,151	8,983
Eliminations [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									(98)
Leased vehicle income									0
Finance charge income									(8)
Other income									(4)
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									(110)	(170)	(4)
Automotive [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									133,045	133,449	140,205
Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									133,143
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									133,143	133,607	140,205
Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMNA [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									113,792
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									113,792	111,345	119,113
Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMI [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									19,148
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									19,148	21,920	20,943
Automotive [Member] \| Corporate [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									203
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									203	342	149
GM Financial [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Leased vehicle income									9,963
Finance charge income									3,621
Other income									420
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									14,004	$ 12,139	$ 8,979
GM Financial [Member] \| Eliminations [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)									(12)
Vehicles and Parts [Member] \| Eliminations [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									(62)
Vehicles and Parts [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									125,155
Vehicles and Parts [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									125,217
Vehicles and Parts [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMNA [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									107,217
Vehicles and Parts [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMI [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									17,980
Vehicles and Parts [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Corporate [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									20
Used Vehicles [Member] \| Eliminations [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									(36)
Used Vehicles [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									3,354
Used Vehicles [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									3,390
Used Vehicles [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMNA [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									3,215
Used Vehicles [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMI [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									175
Used Vehicles [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Corporate [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									0
Services and Other [Member] \| Eliminations [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									0
Services and Other [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									4,536
Services and Other [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									4,536
Services and Other [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMNA [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									3,360
Services and Other [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMI [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									993
Services and Other [Member] \| Automotive [Member] \| Corporate [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									$ 183

Revenue - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Revenue - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract liabilities	$ 1,400
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 1,500
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 509
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 626
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period

Marketable and Other Securities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Sales proceeds from investments classified as available-for-sale and sold prior to maturity	$ 4,300	$ 5,600	$ 8,500
Level 3 [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Fair value of equity securities	884
Level 3 [Member] \| Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, Net [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Unrealized gain on equity securities	$ 142

Marketable and Other Securities - Fair Value of Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	$ 20,844	$ 15,512
Total restricted cash	2,652	2,336
Due in one year or less	11,288
Due between one and five years	4,406
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	15,694
GM Korea [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and time deposits	616
GM Cruise Segment [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	2,300
Cash And Cash Equivalents [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and time deposits	7,254	6,962
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	10,423	5,736
Cash And Cash Equivalents [Member] \| Level 2 [Member] \| U.S. government and agencies [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	4,656	750
Cash And Cash Equivalents [Member] \| Level 2 [Member] \| Corporate Debt [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	3,791	3,032
Cash And Cash Equivalents [Member] \| Level 2 [Member] \| Sovereign Debt [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,976	1,954
Cash And Cash Equivalents [Member] \| Level 1 [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Money market funds	3,167	2,814
Marketable Securities [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	5,966	8,313
Marketable Securities [Member] \| Level 2 [Member] \| U.S. government and agencies [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,230	3,310
Marketable Securities [Member] \| Level 2 [Member] \| Corporate Debt [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	3,478	3,665
Marketable Securities [Member] \| Level 2 [Member] \| Sovereign Debt [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	563	703
Marketable Securities [Member] \| Level 2 [Member] \| Mortgage and asset-backed [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	695	635
Restricted cash - cash equivalents [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	260	219
Restricted cash - cash equivalents [Member] \| Level 1 [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Money market funds	$ 2,392	$ 2,117

Marketable and Other Securities - Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 20,844	$ 15,512
Total	23,496	17,848	$ 15,160	$ 17,332
Other assets [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Restricted cash	260	219
Continuing Operations [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	20,844	15,512
Total	23,496	17,848	$ 14,487
Continuing Operations [Member] \| Other current assets [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Restricted cash	2,083	1,745
Continuing Operations [Member] \| Other assets [Member]
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 569	$ 591

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions Summary of Finance Receivables (Details) - GM Financial [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees	$ 50,455	$ 40,421
Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees	2,389	2,250
GM Financial receivables	52,844	42,671
Less: allowance for loan losses	(911)	(942)	$ (805)	$ (749)
GM Financial receivables, net	51,933	41,729
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member]
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees	12,235	9,935
Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees	41	22
GM Financial receivables	12,276	9,957
Less: allowance for loan losses	(67)	(53)
GM Financial receivables, net	12,209	9,904
Dealer cash management balances	922	536
Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees	38,220	30,486
Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees	2,348	2,228
GM Financial receivables	40,568	32,714
Less: allowance for loan losses	(844)	(889)
GM Financial receivables, net	39,724	31,825
Level 2 [Member]
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Fair value of GM Financial receivables	12,209	9,904
Level 3 [Member]
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Fair value of GM Financial receivables	$ 39,430	$ 31,831

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - GM Financial [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$ 942	$ 805	$ 749
Provision for loan losses	642	757	644
Charge-offs	(1,199)	(1,173)	(1,137)
Recoveries	536	552	542
Effect of foreign currency	(10)	1	7
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	911	942	805
Collective allowance	586	611	525
Specific allowance	$ 325	$ 331	$ 280

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions Retail Finance Receivables Delinquencies (Details) - GM Financial [Member] $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) score	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) score	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Delinquent Contracts includes Repossessions [Abstract]
Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees	$ 2,389	$ 2,250
Allowance for loan losses - TDRs	$ 325	$ 331	$ 280
Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Percentage of Sub-prime Loans	25.00%	33.00%
Sub-prime FICO Score \| score	620	620
Retail finance receivables, nonaccrual status	$ 888	$ 778
Delinquent Contracts includes Repossessions [Abstract]
Amount	$ 1,940	$ 1,920
Percent of Contractual Amount Due	4.80%	5.80%
Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees	$ 2,348	$ 2,228
Allowance for loan losses - TDRs	321	328
31 to 60 Days Delinquent [Member] \| Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Delinquent Contracts includes Repossessions [Abstract]
Amount	$ 1,349	$ 1,334
Percent of Contractual Amount Due	3.30%	4.10%
Greater than 60 Days Delinquent [Member] \| Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Delinquent Contracts includes Repossessions [Abstract]
Amount	$ 547	$ 559
Percent of Contractual Amount Due	1.40%	1.70%
Total finance receivables more than 30 Days Delinquent [Member] \| Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Delinquent Contracts includes Repossessions [Abstract]
Amount	$ 1,896	$ 1,893
Percent of Contractual Amount Due	4.70%	5.80%
In Repossession [Member] \| Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Delinquent Contracts includes Repossessions [Abstract]
Amount	$ 44	$ 27
Percent of Contractual Amount Due	0.10%	0.00%

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions Commercial Finance Receivables Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - GM Financial [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	$ 52,844	$ 42,671
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	12,276	9,957
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member] \| Group I Dealers [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	2,192	1,915
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member] \| Group II Dealers [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	4,399	3,465
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member] \| Group III Dealers [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	4,064	3,239
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member] \| Group IV Dealers [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	1,116	997
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member] \| Group V Dealers [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	422	260
Commercial Finance Receivables [Member] \| Group VI Dealers [Member]
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Finance Receivables	$ 83	$ 81

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions Intercompany Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2018	Nov. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
GM Financial [Member]
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net			$ 51,933	$ 41,729
Common stock dividends declared	$ 375
Proceeds from special dividend		$ 550
GM Financial [Member] \| Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member]
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net			12,209	9,904
GM Financial [Member] \| Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net			39,724	31,825
Eliminations [Member]
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Cash payments to GM Financial			3,800	4,300	$ 4,200
Eliminations [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Subvention receivable			727	306
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables			554	492	387
Leased vehicle subvention earned			3,274	3,046	$ 2,232
Eliminations [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Commercial Portfolio Segment [Member]
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net			445	355
Commercial loan funding payable			61	90
Eliminations [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Retail Finance Receivables [Member]
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net			$ 134	$ 88

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$ 4,274	$ 4,203
Finished product, including service parts	5,542	6,460
Total inventories	$ 9,816	$ 10,663

Equipment on Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Equipment on operating leases, net	$ 43,559	$ 42,882
Vehicles [Member]
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Equipment on operating leases	55,282	53,947
Less: accumulated depreciation	(11,476)	(9,959)
Equipment on operating leases, net	43,806	43,988
Depreciation expense	7,500	6,700	$ 4,700
Vehicles [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Equipment on operating leases, net	43,600	$ 42,900
Minimum rental receipts under operating leases
2019	6,733
2020	4,141
2021	1,568
2022	155
2023	9
Total	$ 12,606

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) joint_venture	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income	$ 2,163	$ 2,132	$ 2,282
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	9,215	9,073	8,996
Basis Difference	$ 4,400	4,300
Number of joint ventures engaged in production, import and sale of products \| joint_venture	4
SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Number of interests in other joint ventures \| joint_venture	3
Automotive China [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income	$ 1,981	1,976	1,973
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	7,779	7,832
Other joint ventures [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income	182	156	$ 309
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$ 1,436	$ 1,241
SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%	50.00%
SGM [Member] \| SAIC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
FAW-GM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%	50.00%
PATAC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%	50.00%
SGMS [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	49.00%	49.00%
SGMW [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	44.00%	44.00%
Shanghai OnStar [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	40.00%	40.00%
Shanghai OnStar [Member] \| SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SGM Norsom [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM Norsom [Member] \| SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM Norsom [Member] \| SAIC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SGM DY [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM DY [Member] \| SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM DY [Member] \| SAIC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SGM DYPT [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM DYPT [Member] \| SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM DYPT [Member] \| SAIC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SAIC-GMAC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	35.00%	35.00%
SAIC-GMAC [Member] \| SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SAIC-GMAC [Member] \| Shanghai Automotive Group Finance Company Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	45.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	35.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. [Member] \| SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. [Member] \| SAIC Financial Holdings Company [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	45.00%
SGM Norsom, SGM DY and SGM DYPT [Member] \| SGM [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM Norsom, SGM DY and SGM DYPT [Member] \| SAIC [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates Summarized Financial Data of NCAs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 32,740	$ 30,854
Non-current assets	17,882	17,597
Total assets	50,622	48,451
Current liabilities	35,559	34,897
Non-current liabilities	4,515	3,542
Total liabilities	40,074	38,439
Noncontrolling interests	866	872
Net sales	52,037	52,607	$ 49,562
Net Income	4,528	4,632	4,495
Automotive China JVs [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	16,506	17,370
Non-current assets	14,012	14,188
Total assets	30,518	31,558
Current liabilities	21,574	22,642
Non-current liabilities	1,689	1,639
Total liabilities	23,263	24,281
Noncontrolling interests	865	871
Net sales	50,316	50,065	47,150
Net Income	3,992	3,984	4,117
Other joint ventures [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	16,234	13,484
Non-current assets	3,870	3,409
Total assets	20,104	16,893
Current liabilities	13,985	12,255
Non-current liabilities	2,826	1,903
Total liabilities	16,811	14,158
Noncontrolling interests	1	1
Net sales	1,721	2,542	2,412
Net Income	$ 536	$ 648	$ 378

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates Transactions with NCAs (Details) - Nonconsolidated Affiliates [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Automotive sales and revenue	$ 406	$ 923	$ 889
Automotive purchases, net	1,155	674	803
Dividends received	2,022	2,000	2,120
Operating cash flows	657	2,321	$ 2,512
Accounts and notes receivable, net	979	780
Accounts payable	163	534
Undistributed earnings	$ 2,331	$ 2,184

Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 65,483	$ 60,334
Less: accumulated depreciation	(26,725)	(24,081)
Total property, net	38,758	36,253
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	13,142	11,967	$ 9,686
Property, Plant and Equipment [Member]
Capitalized Interest and Software [Abstract]
Capitalized Software, Net	1,100	1,200
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	5,347	4,966	4,622
Impairment charges	466	199	68
Capitalized software amortization expense	424	459	$ 458
Land [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	1,349	1,647
Buildings and Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 9,173	7,471
Buildings and Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	5 years
Buildings and Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	40 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 26,453	23,915
Machinery and Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	3 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	27 years
Special Tools [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 23,828	21,113
Special Tools [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	1 year
Special Tools [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	13 years
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 4,680	$ 6,188

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,900	$ 1,900
GM Financial [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	1,400	1,400
GM Cruise Segment [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 504	$ 490

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 6,001	$ 13,704
Accumulated Amortization	2,283	9,712
Net Carrying Amount	3,718	3,992
Amortization expense	247	278	$ 325
Estimated amortization expense, 2019	184
Estimated amortization expense, 2020	184
Estimated amortization expense, 2021	184
Estimated amortization expense, 2022	184
Estimated amortization expense, 2023	184
Removal of fully amortized intangible assets	7,700
Technology and Intellectual Property [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	734	8,092
Accumulated Amortization	457	7,735
Net Carrying Amount	277	357
Brands [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	4,299	4,302
Accumulated Amortization	1,165	1,044
Net Carrying Amount	3,134	3,258
Dealer network, customer relationships and other [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	968	1,310
Accumulated Amortization	661	933
Net Carrying Amount	$ 307	$ 377

Variable Interest Entities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Consolidated [Abstract]
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	$ 43,559		$ 42,882
GM Financial [Member]
Consolidated [Abstract]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees - current	26,850		20,521
GM Financial receivables, net of fees - non-current	25,083		21,208
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	30,956	$ 24,437	24,450
GM Financial long-term debt	60,032		56,267
Consolidated VIE [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Consolidated [Abstract]
Restricted cash - current	1,876		1,740
Restricted cash - non-current	504		527
GM Financial receivables, net of fees - current	18,304		15,141
GM Financial receivables, net of fees - non-current	14,008		12,944
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	21,781		22,222
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	21,087		18,972
GM Financial long-term debt	$ 21,417		$ 20,356

Accrued and Other Liabilities Accrued and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$ 11,611		$ 8,523
Deposits primarily from rental car companies	405		2,113
Deferred revenue	3,504		3,400
Product warranty and related liabilities	2,788		2,994
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	2,233		2,594
Other	7,508		6,372
Total accrued liabilities	28,049	$ 28,324	25,996
Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	2,959		2,887
Product warranty and related liabilities	4,802		5,338
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	658		680
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	875		574
Other	3,063		2,915
Total other liabilities	$ 12,357	$ 12,159	$ 12,394

Accrued and Other Liabilities Product Warranty and Related Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$ 8,332	$ 9,069	$ 8,550
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	665	678	899
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	2,143	2,123	2,338
Payments	(2,903)	(3,129)	(3,375)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	(464)	(495)	636
Effect of foreign currency and other	(183)	86	21
Warranty balance at end of period	$ 7,590	$ 8,332	$ 9,069

Automotive and GM Financial Debt Automotive and GM Financial Debt (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt reclassified	$ 1,500,000,000
Automotive [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	13,502,000,000	$ 13,963,000,000
Fair value of debt	15,088,000,000	13,531,000,000
Available under credit facility agreements	$ 14,067,000,000	$ 14,167,000,000
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt	4.70%	6.60%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt	5.20%	5.20%
Net discount and debt issuance costs	$ 499,000,000	$ 499,000,000
Automotive [Member] \| Secured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	204,000,000	143,000,000
Automotive [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	12,579,000,000	13,292,000,000
Automotive [Member] \| Level 1 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value of debt	13,202,000,000	11,693,000,000
Automotive [Member] \| Level 2 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value of debt	1,886,000,000	1,838,000,000
GM Financial [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	80,717,000,000	90,988,000,000
Fair value of debt	81,937,000,000	90,391,000,000
GM Financial [Member] \| Secured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	39,887,000,000	42,835,000,000
Fair value of debt	39,948,000,000	42,835,000,000
GM Financial [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	40,830,000,000	48,153,000,000
Fair value of debt	41,989,000,000	47,556,000,000
GM Financial [Member] \| Level 2 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value of debt	79,623,000,000	88,305,000,000
GM Financial [Member] \| Level 3 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value of debt	2,314,000,000	2,086,000,000
Capital Lease Obligations [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 719,000,000	528,000,000
Capital Lease Obligations [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		$ 0
Minimum [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate range on outstanding debt	0.00%	0.00%
Maximum [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate range on outstanding debt	21.80%	18.50%

Automotive and GM Financial Debt Secured Debt and Unsecured Debt (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2018 USD ($) credit_faciliy	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2019 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of renewed credit facilities \| credit_faciliy			2
Number of new credit facilities \| credit_faciliy			1
Debt repayment		$ 1,500
Automotive [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt				5.20%	5.20%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate				5.98%
Maximum [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term				4 years
Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 16,500							$ 14,500
Line of Credit [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity	$ 3,000
Line of Credit [Member] \| Three-Year Revolving Credit Facility January 2019 [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term	3 years
Line of Credit [Member] \| Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Secured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase to maximum borrowing capacity				$ 695
Line of Credit [Member] \| Three Year Revolving Credit Facility April 2018 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 4,000
Debt term			3 years
Line of Credit [Member] \| Letter of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 1,100
Line of Credit [Member] \| Five-Year Revolving Credit Facility April 2018 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 10,500
Debt term			5 years
Senior Notes [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued									$ 2,100
Weighted-average interest rate									5.03%
Senior Notes [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued				$ 8,600
Weighted-average interest rate				3.36%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt				3.40%
Senior Notes [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued	$ 2,500
Weighted-average interest rate	5.03%							5.03%
Notes Payable, Other Payables [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Secured Debt [Member] \| Securitization notes payable [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued				$ 22,800
Weighted-average interest rate				3.00%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt				2.85%
Medium-term Notes [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued \| €								€ 850
Weighted-average interest rate	2.20%							2.20%
U.S. [Member] \| Commercial Paper [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unsecured commercial paper				$ 1,200
Line of Credit [Member] \| $2.0 Billion Revolving Credit Facility [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 2,000
Debt term			364 days
Pension Plan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Employer contributions				1,700	$ 1,230	$ 3,076
Pension Plan [Member] \| Non-U.S. [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Employer contributions				1,624	$ 1,153	$ 1,022
Pension Plan [Member] \| Non-U.S. [Member] \| United Kingdom and Canada [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Employer contributions				$ 584
Forecast [Member] \| Line of Credit [Member] \| Three-Year Revolving Credit Facility January 2019 [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity							$ 2,000

Automotive and GM Financial Debt Interest Expense and LT Debt Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total interest expense	$ 3,880	$ 3,141	$ 2,535
2019	31,994
2020	23,742
2021	15,543
2022	7,479
2023	6,627
Thereafter	20,763
Total	106,148
Automotive [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total interest expense	655	575	563
2019	949
2020	589
2021	505
2022	49
2023	1,544
Thereafter	10,826
Total	14,462
Future interest payments on capital lease obligations	565
GM Financial [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Financing interest expense	3,225	$ 2,566	$ 1,972
2019	31,045
2020	23,153
2021	15,038
2022	7,430
2023	5,083
Thereafter	9,937
Total	$ 91,686

Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Automotive [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	$ 3,413	$ 4,676
Automotive [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Foreign Currency [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	2,710	4,022
Automotive [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Commodity [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	658	606
Automotive [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| PSA Warrants [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	45	48
Automotive [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Fair Value Hedges [Member] \| PSA Warrants [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative asset	827	764
GM Financial [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	113,871	98,000
Collateral available for netting	451	299
GM Financial [Member] \| Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Cash Flow Hedges [Member] \| Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	768	2,177
GM Financial [Member] \| Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Cash Flow Hedges [Member] \| Foreign Currency Swaps [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	2,075	1,574
GM Financial [Member] \| Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Fair Value Hedges [Member] \| Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	9,533	11,110
GM Financial [Member] \| Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Fair Value Hedges [Member] \| Foreign Currency Swaps [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	1,829	0
GM Financial [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Foreign Currency Swaps [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	0	1,201
GM Financial [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Interest Rate Contract [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	99,666	81,938
Other assets [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Interest Rate Contract [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative instruments	372	329
Other liabilities [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Fair Value Hedges [Member] \| Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative instruments	291	290
Other liabilities [Member] \| GM Financial [Member] \| Not Designated as Hedges [Member] \| Interest Rate Contract [Member] \| Fair Value Level 2 [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative instruments	$ 520	$ 207

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits Contributions and Plan Amendments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Defined Contribution Plan [Abstract]
Employer contributions to defined contribution plans	$ 617	$ 650	$ 589
Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Years of service	30 years
Employer contributions	$ 1,700	1,230	3,076
Pension Plan [Member] \| U.S. [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	76	77	2,054
Pension Plan [Member] \| U.S. [Member] \| Nonqualified Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Estimated contributions in next fiscal year	$ 70
Pension Plan [Member] \| U.S. [Member] \| Qualified Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Period of time for which there are no mandatory contributions for qualified plans	5 years
Mandatory contributions over the next five years	$ 0
Pension Plan [Member] \| U.S. [Member] \| U.S. Hourly [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions			2,000
Pension Plan [Member] \| Non-U.S. [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	1,624	1,153	1,022
Estimated contributions in next fiscal year	600
Pension Plan [Member] \| Canada and United Kingdom [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Mandatory contributions over the next five years	310
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	369	406
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| U.S. [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	325	$ 323	335
Pension Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| U.S. [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Remeasurement decrease due to mortality assumptions	264		$ 888
United Kingdom and Canada [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Non-U.S. [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	$ 584

Derivative Financial Instruments Balance Sheet Location of Cumulative Basis Adjustments (Details) - Fair Value Hedges [Member] - Long-term Debt [Member] - GM Financial [Member] $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Items	$ 17,923
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments	459
Cumulative fair value adjustment on discontinued hedging relationships	$ 247

Pensions and OPEB Obligations and Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Pension Plan [Member]
Change in plan assets
Employer contributions	$ 1,700	$ 1,230	$ 3,076
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	6,374	6,180
Service cost	20	19	18
Interest cost	195	202	201
Actuarial (gains) losses	(389)	311
Benefits paid	(388)	(426)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(106)	78
Curtailments, settlements and other	38	10
Ending benefit obligation	5,744	6,374	6,180
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	0	0
Actual return on plan assets	0	0
Employer contributions	369	406
Benefits paid	(388)	(426)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Settlements and other	19	20
Ending fair value of plan assets	0	0	0
Ending funded status	(5,744)	(6,374)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	0	0
Current liabilities	(374)	(376)
Non-current liabilities	(5,370)	(5,998)
Net amount recorded	(5,744)	(6,374)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial gain (loss)	(752)	(1,186)
Net prior service (cost) credit	34	55
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(718)	(1,131)
U.S. [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	68,450	68,827
Service cost	209	203
Interest cost	2,050	2,145	2,212
Actuarial (gains) losses	(4,449)	2,885
Benefits paid	(4,898)	(5,067)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Curtailments, settlements and other	(172)	(543)
Ending benefit obligation	61,190	68,450	68,827
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	62,639	61,622
Actual return on plan assets	(1,419)	6,549
Employer contributions	76	77	2,054
Benefits paid	(4,898)	(5,067)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Settlements and other	(296)	(542)
Ending fair value of plan assets	56,102	62,639	61,622
Ending funded status	(5,088)	(5,811)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	0	0
Current liabilities	(73)	(71)
Non-current liabilities	(5,015)	(5,740)
Net amount recorded	(5,088)	(5,811)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial gain (loss)	(752)	114
Net prior service (cost) credit	19	23
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(733)	137
U.S. [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Change in plan assets
Employer contributions	325	323	335
Non-U.S. [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	22,789	21,156
Service cost	149	180
Interest cost	464	473	527
Actuarial (gains) losses	(272)	561
Benefits paid	(1,595)	(1,369)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,452)	1,953
Curtailments, settlements and other	(179)	(165)
Ending benefit obligation	19,904	22,789	21,156
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	14,495	12,799
Actual return on plan assets	301	1,025
Employer contributions	1,624	1,153	1,022
Benefits paid	(1,595)	(1,369)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,106)	1,007
Settlements and other	(191)	(120)
Ending fair value of plan assets	13,528	14,495	$ 12,799
Ending funded status	(6,376)	(8,294)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	496	67
Current liabilities	(349)	(355)
Non-current liabilities	(6,523)	(8,006)
Net amount recorded	(6,376)	(8,294)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial gain (loss)	(3,983)	(4,163)
Net prior service (cost) credit	(64)	(26)
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (4,047)	$ (4,189)

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits Accumulated Benefit Oblligations and Projected Benefit Obligations (Details) - Pension Plan [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
U.S. [Member]
ABO and PBO [Line Items]
ABO	$ 61,177	$ 68,437
Plans with ABO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
ABO	61,177	68,437
Fair Value of Plan Assets	56,102	62,639
Plans with PBO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
PBO	61,190	68,450
Fair Value of Plan Assets	56,102	62,639
Non-U.S. [Member]
ABO and PBO [Line Items]
ABO	19,822	22,650
Plans with ABO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
ABO	10,289	21,679
Fair Value of Plan Assets	3,485	13,408
Plans with PBO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
PBO	10,356	21,822
Fair Value of Plan Assets	$ 3,485	$ 13,411

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits Components of Expense and Assumptions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Non-service cost components of net periodic pension and OPEB income	$ 1,700	$ 1,300	$ 1,300
Amounts to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost, next fiscal year	129
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Components of expense
Service cost	20	19	18
Interest cost	195	202	201
Expected return on plan assets	0	0	0
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	54	23	19
Curtailments, settlements and other	(19)	(5)	(13)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$ 250	$ 239	$ 225
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	4.19%	3.52%	3.93%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	3.29%	3.39%	3.49%
U.S. [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Components of expense
Service cost	$ 330	$ 315	$ 381
Service cost	209	203
Interest cost	2,050	2,145	2,212
Expected return on plan assets	(3,890)	(3,677)	(3,778)
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	10	(6)	(25)
Curtailments, settlements and other	(19)	(37)	(4)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$ (1,519)	$ (1,260)	$ (1,214)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	4.22%	3.53%	3.92%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	3.19%	3.35%	3.36%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.61%	6.23%	6.33%
U.S. [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.40%	6.60%
Non-U.S. [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Components of expense
Service cost	$ 163	$ 199	$ 273
Service cost	149	180
Interest cost	464	473	527
Expected return on plan assets	(825)	(750)	(733)
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	144	157	137
Curtailments, settlements and other	43	8	16
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$ (11)	$ 87	$ 220
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	2.86%	2.66%	2.88%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	2.99%	2.94%	3.14%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.09%	5.82%	6.07%

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits Target Allocation tables (Details) - Pension Plan [Member]	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
U.S. [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	100.00%	100.00%
U.S. [Member] \| Equity [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	12.00%	15.00%
U.S. [Member] \| Debt [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	64.00%	61.00%
U.S. [Member] \| Other [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	24.00%	24.00%
Non-U.S. [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	100.00%	100.00%
Non-U.S. [Member] \| Equity [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	14.00%	18.00%
Non-U.S. [Member] \| Debt [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	66.00%	56.00%
Non-U.S. [Member] \| Other [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	20.00%	26.00%

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits Pension Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2019	$ 379
2020	374
2021	369
2022	364
2023	361
2024 - 2028	1,762
U.S. [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2019	5,325
2020	4,858
2021	4,720
2022	4,603
2023	4,491
2024 - 2028	20,803
Non-U.S. [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2019	1,360
2020	1,212
2021	1,174
2022	1,144
2023	1,113
2024 - 2028	$ 5,116

Commitments and Contingencies Ignition Switch Recall (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 jurisdiction	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) action state employee shares	Dec. 31, 2012 employee	Jan. 25, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2017 state
Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - July 2009 Sale Order [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of states \| state						16
Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - Lost Personal Time and Unjust Enrichment Claims [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of jurisdictions \| jurisdiction	47
Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - Contingently Issuable Shares [Member] \| Amended and Restated Master Sale and Purchase Agreement [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Allowed general unsecured claims amount		$ 35,000,000,000.0
Contingently issuable shares (in shares) \| shares		30,000,000
Amount of allowed general unsecured claims		$ 31,900,000,000
Korea Wage Litigation - Hourly [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of plaintiffs \| employee		10,000
Number of employees in the case \| employee			5
Reasonably possible loss		$ 590,000,000
Korea Wage Litigation - Salaried [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reasonably possible loss		170,000,000
Korea Wage Litigation - Former Subcontract Workers [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reasonably possible loss		$ 150,000,000
U.S. and Canada [Member] \| Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - Economic Damage [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of pending claims \| action		100
Foreign Tax Authority [Member] \| Brazil [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Estimated potential recovery from taxing authority		$ 1,300,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - Contingently Issuable Shares [Member] \| Amended and Restated Master Sale and Purchase Agreement [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Value of contingently issuable shares				$ 1,200,000,000
Granted Motion to Dismiss [Member] \| Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - July 2009 Sale Order [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of states \| state						7
Granted Motion to Dismiss [Member] \| Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - Lost Personal Time and Unjust Enrichment Claims [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of jurisdictions \| jurisdiction	41
Pending Litigation [Member] \| Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - Economic Damage [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of jurisdictions \| jurisdiction	27
Pending Litigation [Member] \| Ignition Switch Recall Litigations - July 2009 Sale Order [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of states \| state		8				9
Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Litigation-related liability and tax administrative matters		$ 1,300,000,000			$ 930,000,000

Commitments and Contingencies Other Litigation and Loss Contingencies (Details)	Jan. 25, 2019 action	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Maximum liability, guarantees		$ 2,400,000,000	$ 1,900,000,000
Rebates available		1,400,000,000	1,500,000,000
Minimum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Indirect tax-related escrow deposit		200,000,000
Maximum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Indirect tax-related escrow deposit		550,000,000
Indirect Tax Matters [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reasonably possible loss		900,000,000
Takata DIR [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Warranty provision		0
Estimate of possible loss		1,200,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| U.S. [Member] \| Takata DIR [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of pending claims \| action	3
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Mexico [Member] \| Takata DIR [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of pending claims \| action	1
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Canada [Member] \| Takata DIR [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of pending claims \| action	3
Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Product liability		531,000,000	595,000,000
Credit card program deferred revenue		$ 247,000,000	$ 283,000,000

Commitments and Contingencies Noncancelable Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Minimum commitments
2019	$ 296
2020	286
2021	247
2022	180
2023	146
Thereafter	582
Total	1,737
Sublease income
2019	(61)
2020	(51)
2021	(44)
2022	(38)
2023	(33)
Thereafter	(129)
Totals	(356)
Net minimum commitments
2019	235
2020	235
2021	203
2022	142
2023	113
Thereafter	453
Totals	1,381
Rental expense under operating leases	$ 300	$ 284	$ 270

Income Taxes Pre-tax Income and Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income before income taxes and equity income	$ 6,386	$ 9,731	$ 9,726
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	(104)	18	(126)
U.S. state and local	113	83	65
Non-U.S.	577	552	572
Total current income tax expense	586	653	511
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	(578)	7,831	1,865
U.S. state and local	250	(187)	264
Non-U.S.	216	3,236	99
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(112)	10,880	2,228
Total income tax expense	474	11,533	2,739
Basis differences from reinvested earnings	2,900	2,800
China JVs [Member]
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Additional basis differences	4,100	4,100
U.S. [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income before income taxes and equity income	4,433	8,399	9,989
Non-U.S. [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income before income taxes and equity income	$ 1,953	$ 1,332	$ (263)

Income Taxes Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$ 1,341	$ 3,406	$ 3,404
State and local tax expense	282	(76)	190
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	90	(145)	(61)
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income	(822)	(941)	(894)
Change in valuation allowances	1,695	2,712	237
Change in tax laws	(134)	7,194	147
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(695)	(428)	(342)
Capital loss expiration	107	0	0
Settlements of prior year tax matters	(188)	(256)	(46)
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	(59)	0	(94)
Other adjustments	(153)	67	198
Total income tax expense	474	11,533	2,739
Germany [Member]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Change in tax laws	$ (990)	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$ 1,584	$ 1,948
Pension and other employee benefit plans	3,020	3,285
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	6,307	5,675
Miscellaneous	2,034	1,697
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	33,105	30,699
Less: valuation allowances	(7,976)	(6,690)
Total deferred tax assets	25,129	24,009
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	1,098	418
Intangible assets	729	735
Total deferred tax liabilities	1,827	1,153
Net deferred tax assets	23,302	22,856
Change in valuation allowances	1,695	2,712	$ 237
Discontinued Operations [Member] \| Opel/Vauxhall Business [Member]
Deferred tax liabilities
Change in valuation allowances		2,300
U.S. [Member]
Deferred tax assets
U.S. capitalized research expenditures	5,176	4,413
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	8,591	8,578
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards subject to expiration	8,600
Non-U.S. [Member]
Deferred tax assets
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	6,393	5,103
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards subject to expiration	1,200
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards not subject to expiration	5,200
Germany, Spain and South Korea [Member]
Deferred tax assets
Less: valuation allowances	$ (8,000)	$ (6,700)

Income Taxes Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period		$ 1,557	$ 1,182	$ 1,337
Additions to current year tax positions		292	160	49
Additions to prior years' tax positions		264	448	96
Reductions to prior years' tax positions		(244)	(195)	(192)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations		(38)	(44)	(103)
Settlements		(450)	(11)	(1)
Other		(40)	17	(4)
Balance at end of period	$ 1,557	1,341	1,557	$ 1,182
Unrecognized tax benefit that would favorably affect effective tax rate	390	991	390
Income tax related interest and penalties accrual	152	116	152
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Tax expense related to tax reform legislation	$ 7,300		7,300
Tax expense related to tax reform legislation, updated			$ 7,100
Germany [Member] \| Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards		3,300
Deferred tax assets		$ 1,000

Restructuring And Other Initiatives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 383	$ 1,122	$ 227	$ 268	$ 383
Additions, interest accretion and other			1,637	330	412
Payments			(600)	(315)	(490)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency			(142)	(56)	(37)
Balance at end of period			1,122	227	268
GMNA [Member] \| Cash Severance Incentive Programs [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges	$ 240				$ 240
GMI [Member] \| Separation Programs In South Africa And India [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges				460
GMI [Member] \| Separation Programs in Australia, Korea, South Africa, India and Chevrolet Europe [Member] [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring cost incurred to date				892
Unallocation of Products to Certain Manufacturing Facilities And Other Employee Separation Programs [Member] \| GMNA [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges			1,200
Severance costs and other costs			941
Non-cash accelerated depreciation			301
Facility closing [Member] \| GMI [Member] \| Gunsan Korea Plant [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges			1,000
Severance Costs			495
Non-cash Asset Impairments and Other Charges [Member] \| GMI [Member] \| Gunsan Korea Plant [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges			537
Employee Severance and Statutory Pension Payments [Member] \| GMI [Member] \| Gunsan Korea Plant [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments			$ (775)
Asset Impairments, Sales Incentives, Inventory Provisions and Other Restructuring Costs [Member] \| GMI [Member] \| Separation Programs In South Africa And India [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges				297
Dealer Restructuring, Employee Severance and Contract Termination Costs [Member] \| GMI [Member] \| Separation Programs In South Africa And India [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges				$ 163
Forecast [Member] \| Unallocation of Products to Certain Manufacturing Facilities And Other Employee Separation Programs [Member] \| GMNA [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Expected amount of cash flows		1,500
Forecast [Member] \| Unallocation of Products to Certain Manufacturing Facilities And Other Employee Separation Programs [Member] \| GMNA [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Expected costs		1,500
Forecast [Member] \| Unallocation of Products to Certain Manufacturing Facilities And Other Employee Separation Programs [Member] \| GMNA [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Expected costs		2,000
Forecast [Member] \| Closure of Facility and Employee Separation Programs [Member] \| GMI [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Expected amount of cash flows		300
Forecast [Member] \| Closure of Facility and Employee Separation Programs [Member] \| GMI [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Expected costs		200
Forecast [Member] \| Closure of Facility and Employee Separation Programs [Member] \| GMI [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Expected costs		$ 300

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Non-service pension and OPEB income	$ 1,665	$ 1,316	$ 1,262
Interest income	335	266	182
Licensing agreements income	296	74	94
Revaluation of investments	258	(56)	0
Other	42	45	65
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	$ 2,596	$ 1,645	$ 1,603

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests Preferred and Common Stock (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions	1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Votes $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2027 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock shares authorized \| shares					2,000
Common stock shares authorized \| shares					5,000
Common stock number of shares issued \| shares					1,400
Common stock shares outstanding \| shares					1,400	1,400
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 1.52
Cash dividends paid on common stock					$ 2,144,000,000	$ 2,215,000,000	$ 2,337,000,000
Number of votes per share \| Votes					1
Common shares purchased during period \| shares					3	120	77
Amount of common stock purchased during period					$ 190,000,000	$ 4,492,000,000	$ 2,500,000,000
Guarantees - maximum liability					$ 2,400,000,000	$ 1,900,000,000
GM Cruise [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Investment amount			$ 1,100,000,000
GM Cruise [Member] \| Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Annual dividend rate					7.00%
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock			$ 900,000,000
GM Cruise [Member] \| SoftBank Investment Holdings Limited [Member] \| Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Ownership interest			10.90%
Additional purchase amount					$ 1,350,000,000
Ownership interest after completed purchase obligation					18.60%
GM Cruise [Member] \| Honda Motor Co., Ltd [Member] \| Common Class E [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Ownership interest	5.70%
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 750,000,000
Agreed upon future contributions	$ 2,000,000,000
GM Korea [Member] \| Korea Development Bank [Member] \| Class B Preferred Shares [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Annual dividend rate					1.00%
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock					$ 720,000,000
Period to call preferred shares			6 years
Financial Guarantee [Member] \| GM Korea [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Guarantees - maximum liability					2,800,000,000.0
Forecast [Member] \| GM Korea [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Planned capital expenditures								$ 2,000,000,000
GM Financial [Member] \| Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock issued		$ 500,000,000
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.01
Liquidation preference of preferred stock per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 1,000
Annual dividend rate		6.50%
GM Financial [Member] \| Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock issued				$ 1,000,000,000
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.01
Liquidation preference of preferred stock per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 1,000
Annual dividend rate				5.75%
GM
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Amount of common stock purchased during period					$ 100,000,000

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests Warrants (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Outstanding warrants (in shares)	15	22
Second Tranche of Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 18.33

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ (8,011)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(936)	$ 1,317	$ (1,353)
Balance at end of period	(9,039)	(8,011)
Foreign currency translation adjustments [Member]
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(1,606)	(2,355)	(2,034)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification adjustment, net of tax	(664)	560	(317)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax	20	189	(4)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(644)	749	(321)
Balance at end of period	(2,250)	(1,606)	(2,355)
Defined benefit plans attributable [Member]
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(6,398)	(6,968)	(5,999)
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of impact of adoption of accounting standards	(580)	(798)	(1,546)
Tax benefit	100	98	459
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification adjustment, net of tax	(480)	(700)	(1,087)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax	141	1,270	118
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(339)	570	(969)
Balance at end of period	$ (6,737)	(6,398)	$ (6,968)
Defined benefit plans attributable [Member] \| Discontinued Operations [Member] \| Opel/Vauxhall Business [Member]
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax		$ 1,200

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Basic Earnings per Common Share
Income from continuing operations									$ 8,084	$ 348	$ 9,428
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock									(98)	(16)	0
Income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders									7,986	332	9,428
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax									70	4,212	1
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders									$ 7,916	$ (3,880)	$ 9,427
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)									1,411	1,465	1,540
Basic earnings per common share – continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ 1.42	$ 1.77	$ 1.68	$ 0.78	$ (3.46)	$ 0.08	$ 1.62	$ 1.78	$ 5.66	$ 0.23	$ 6.12
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	0.05	0.19	2.14	0.51	0.05	0.05	2.88	(0.00)
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)									$ 5.61	$ (2.65)	$ 6.12
Diluted earnings per share
Income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders – diluted									$ 7,986	$ 332	$ 9,428
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax – diluted									70	4,212	1
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted									$ 7,916	$ (3,880)	$ 9,427
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)									1,411	1,465	1,540
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans (in shares)									20	27	30
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (in shares)									1,431	1,492	1,570
Diluted earnings per common share – continuing operations (in dollars per share)	1.40	1.75	1.66	0.77	(3.46)	0.08	1.60	1.75	$ 5.58	$ 0.22	$ 6.00
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations (in dollars per share)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ 0.05	$ 0.19	$ 2.11	$ 0.51	$ 0.05	0.05	2.82	(0.00)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)									$ 5.53	$ (2.60)	$ 6.00
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)									9	0	0

Discontinued Operations Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			3 Months Ended								9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2017	Jul. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 70	$ 277	$ 3,096	$ 770	$ 69		$ 70	$ 4,212	$ 1
Opel/Vauxhall Business and Fincos [Member] \| Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Net consideration for transferred business	$ 2,500
Cash received from sale	2,200
Charge at closing	6,200
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	3,900											70	4,212	1
Income tax expense (benefit)												0	1,483	(323)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations before taxes												70	2,176	$ 0
Underfunded pension liabilities of retired and former employees retained by GM													6,800
Opel/Vauxhall Business [Member] \| Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Warrants received		$ 808
De-risking premium payment		455											455
Charge at closing											$ 6,200
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax											3,900
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,300										$ 2,300
Charge for deferred tax assets no longer realizable upon transfer		4,300
De-risking premium payment and deferred pension losses		$ 1,500
Other costs and charges													421
Underfunded pension liabilities of current employees transferred to PSA Group													3,100
Payment to PSA Group at closing for assumed underfunded pension liabilities													3,400
Total net sales and revenue transactions with discontinued operations												1,900	853
Purchases and expenses with discontinued operations												1,400	218
Fincos [Member] \| Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss on sale of discontinued operations before taxes	525
Foreign currency translation loss	$ 197
Discontinued Operations [Member] \| Opel/Vauxhall Business [Member] \| Discontinued Operations [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Cash payments used in operating activities												1,800	242
Cash receipts provided by operating activities												$ 2,300	$ 1,200

Discontinued Operations Financial Information about Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended								9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 70	$ 277	$ 3,096	$ 770	$ 69		$ 70	$ 4,212	$ 1
Discontinued Operations [Member] \| Opel/Vauxhall Business and Fincos [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue											0	11,257	19,704
GM Financial net sales and revenue											0	466	552
Total net sales and revenue											0	11,723	20,256
Automotive and other cost of sales											0	11,049	18,894
GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses											0	342	423
Automotive and other selling, general, and administrative expense											0	813	1,356
Other income (expense) items											0	(72)	93
Loss from discontinued operations before taxes											0	553	324
Loss on sale of discontinued operations before taxes											70	2,176	0
Total loss from discontinued operations before taxes											70	2,729	324
Income tax expense (benefit)											0	1,483	(323)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$ 3,900										$ 70	4,212	$ 1
Disposal loss												3,900
Discontinued Operations [Member] \| Opel/Vauxhall Business [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 2,300									$ 2,300
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax										$ 3,900
Amount of deferred tax assets transferred												$ 2,000

Stock Incentive Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2018
Stock Incentive Awards Units Outstanding (Roll Forward)
Units outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	52,900,000
Granted (in shares)	13,700,000		0
Settled (in shares)	(10,200,000)
Forfeited or expired (in shares)	(8,300,000)
Units outstanding at end of period (in shares)	48,100,000	52,900,000
Stock Incentive Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (Per Share) [Roll Forward]
Weighted-average grant date fair value, Units outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 21.75
Weighted-average grant date fair value, granted (in dollars per share)	30.41
Weighted-average grant date fair value, settled (in dollars per share)	30.23
Weighted-average grant date fair value, forfeited or expired (in dollars per share)	29.51
Weighted-average grant date fair value, Units outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 21.75	$ 21.75		$ 19.81
Remaining Contractual Term [Abstract]
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Terms in years, Outstanding	1 year 3 months 18 days	2 years
Compensation expense	$ 316	$ 585	$ 627
Unrecognized compensation expense				$ 208
Weighted-average period for total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards	1 year 3 months 18 days
Fair value of stock incentive awards vested	$ 317	$ 421	$ 325
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	3 years
Performance Share Units (PSUs) [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Performance period	3 years
Stock options [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Expiration period	10 years
Remaining Contractual Term [Abstract]
Dividend yield	3.69%	4.43%
Expected volatility	28.00%	25.00%
Risk-free interest rate	2.73%	1.97%
Expected option life	5 years 11 months 23 days	5 years 10 months 2 days
Performance-based Employee Stock Options [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	55 months
Service-based Employee Stock Options [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	19 months
Service-based Employee Stock Options [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	3 years
Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs) [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	3 years
GM Cruise Stock Incentive Awards [Member]
Stock Incentive Awards Units Outstanding (Roll Forward)
Granted (in shares)		0	0
GM Cruise Stock Incentive Awards [Member] \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	4 years
GM Cruise Stock Incentive Awards [Member] \| Stock options [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Expiration period	10 years
Remaining Contractual Term [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation expense				$ 392
Weighted-average period for total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards	8 years 6 months
GM Cruise Stock Incentive Awards [Member] \| Stock options [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	4 years
GM Cruise Stock Incentive Awards [Member] \| Stock options [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	10 years

Supplementary Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended								6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total net sales and revenue		$ 38,399	$ 35,791	$ 36,760	$ 36,099	$ 37,715	$ 33,623	$ 36,984	$ 37,266			$ 147,049	$ 145,588	$ 149,184
Income (loss) from continuing operations		2,069	2,530	2,366	1,110	(4,903)	114	2,433	2,686			8,075	330	9,269
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		0	0	0	70	277	3,096	770	69			70	4,212	1
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders		$ 2,044	$ 2,534	$ 2,390	$ 1,046	$ (5,151)	$ (2,981)	$ 1,660	$ 2,608			$ 8,014	$ (3,864)	$ 9,427
Basic earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations (in dollars per share)		$ 1.42	$ 1.77	$ 1.68	$ 0.78	$ (3.46)	$ 0.08	$ 1.62	$ 1.78			$ 5.66	$ 0.23	$ 6.12
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations (in dollars per share)		(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	0.05	0.19	2.14	0.51	0.05			0.05	2.88	(0.00)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations (in dollars per share)		1.40	1.75	1.66	0.77	(3.46)	0.08	1.60	1.75			5.58	0.22	6.00
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations (in dollars per share)		$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ 0.05	$ 0.19	$ 2.11	$ 0.51	$ 0.05			$ 0.05	$ 2.82	$ (0.00)
Non-recurring tax benefit												$ 134	$ (7,194)	$ (147)
Tax expense related to tax reform legislation						$ 7,300							$ 7,300
Automotive [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Automotive and other gross margin(a)		$ 2,935	$ 3,743	$ 3,204	$ 2,507	$ 4,385	$ 3,614	$ 4,463	$ 4,758
Discontinued Operations [Member] \| Opel/Vauxhall Business [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax											$ 3,900
Charge at closing											6,200
Income tax expense	$ 2,300										$ 2,300
Facility closing [Member] \| Korea [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Restructuring charges and other charges										$ 1,100
Ignition Switch Recall Litigations [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Ignition switch related legal matters			$ 440
Transformation Activities [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Restructuring charges and other charges		1,300
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Non-recurring tax benefit		$ 1,000

Segment Reporting Summary of key financial information by segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue	$ 38,399	$ 35,791	$ 36,760	$ 36,099	$ 37,715	$ 33,623	$ 36,984	$ 37,266	$ 147,049	$ 145,588	$ 149,184
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									11,783	12,844	12,848
Adjustments									(2,905)	(654)	(300)
Automotive interest expense									(3,880)	(3,141)	(2,535)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests									(9)	(18)	(159)
Income before income taxes									8,549	11,863	12,008
Income tax (expense)									(474)	(11,533)	(2,739)
Income from continuing operations	2,069	2,530	2,366	1,110	(4,903)	114	2,433	2,686	8,075	330	9,269
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	0	0	0	(70)	(277)	(3,096)	(770)	(69)	(70)	(4,212)	(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	2,044	2,534	$ 2,390	$ 1,046	(5,151)	$ (2,981)	$ 1,660	$ 2,608	8,014	(3,864)	9,427
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	9,215				9,073				9,215	9,073	8,996
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	5,579				5,849				5,579	5,849	6,149
Total Assets	227,339				212,482				227,339	212,482	221,690
Expenditures for property									8,761	8,453	8,384
Depreciation and amortization									13,142	11,967	9,686
Impairment charges									527	294	133
Equity income									2,163	2,132	2,282
Transformation Activities [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Restructuring charges and other charges	1,300
Ignition Switch Recall Litigations [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Ignition switch related legal matters		$ 440
GMNA [Member] \| Transformation Activities [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Restructuring charges and other charges									1,200
GMI [Member] \| Separation Programs In Korea and Other Countries [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Restructuring charges and other charges									1,200
GMI [Member] \| Separation Programs In South Africa And India [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Restructuring charges and other charges										460
GMI [Member] \| Separation Programs In Venezuela [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Deconsolidation loss										80
Operating Segments [Member] \| GM Cruise Segment [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue									0	0	0
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									(728)	(613)	(171)
Adjustments									0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0				0				0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	671				679				671	679	620
Total Assets	3,195				666				3,195	666	548
Expenditures for property									15	34	4
Depreciation and amortization									7	1	1
Impairment charges									0	0	0
Equity income									0	0	0
Operating Segments [Member] \| GM Financial [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue									14,016	12,151	8,983
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									1,893	1,196	763
Adjustments									0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	1,355				1,187				1,355	1,187	944
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,356				1,367				1,356	1,367	1,366
Total Assets	109,953				97,251				109,953	97,251	87,947
Expenditures for property									60	94	93
Depreciation and amortization									7,531	6,573	4,678
Impairment charges									0	0	0
Equity income									183	173	152
Eliminations [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue									(110)	(170)	(4)
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									(4)	(7)	3
Adjustments									0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0				0				0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	0				0				0	0	0
Total Assets	(1,487)				(844)				(1,487)	(844)	(1,312)
Expenditures for property									0	0	0
Depreciation and amortization									0	0	0
Impairment charges									0	0	0
Equity income									0	0	0
Automotive [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Automotive interest income									335	266	182
Automotive interest expense									(655)	(575)	(563)
Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue									133,143	133,607	140,205
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									10,622	12,268	12,253
Adjustments									(2,905)	(654)	(300)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	7,860				7,886				7,860	7,886	8,052
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	3,552				3,803				3,552	3,803	4,163
Total Assets	115,678				115,409				115,678	115,409	134,507
Expenditures for property									8,686	8,325	8,287
Depreciation and amortization									5,604	5,393	5,007
Impairment charges									527	294	133
Equity income									1,980	1,959	2,130
Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMNA [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue									113,792	111,345	119,113
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									10,769	11,889	12,388
Adjustments									(1,236)	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	75				68				75	68	74
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	2,623				2,819				2,623	2,819	3,128
Total Assets	109,763				99,874				109,763	99,874	103,908
Expenditures for property									7,784	7,704	7,338
Depreciation and amortization									4,995	4,654	4,292
Impairment charges									55	78	65
Equity income									8	8	159
Automotive [Member] \| Operating Segments [Member] \| GMI [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue									19,148	21,920	20,943
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									423	1,300	767
Adjustments									(1,212)	(540)	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	7,761				7,818				7,761	7,818	7,978
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	928				973				928	973	1,021
Total Assets	24,911				27,712				24,911	27,712	27,273
Expenditures for property									883	607	943
Depreciation and amortization									562	708	702
Impairment charges									466	211	68
Equity income									1,972	1,951	1,971
Automotive [Member] \| Corporate [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Total net sales and revenue									203	342	149
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted									(570)	(921)	(902)
Adjustments									(457)	(114)	(300)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	24				0				24	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1				11				1	11	14
Total Assets	31,694				30,573				31,694	30,573	38,465
Expenditures for property									21	14	8
Depreciation and amortization									50	32	18
Impairment charges									6	5	0
Equity income									0	0	0
Automotive [Member] \| Corporate [Member] \| Ignition Switch Recall Litigations [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Ignition switch related legal matters									440	114	300
Automotive [Member] \| Eliminations [Member]
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0				0				0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	0				0				0	0	0
Total Assets	$ (50,690)				$ (42,750)				(50,690)	(42,750)	(35,139)
Expenditures for property									(2)	0	(2)
Depreciation and amortization									(3)	(1)	(5)
Impairment charges									0	0	0
Equity income									$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Segment Reporting Revenues and long-lived assets by geographic region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									$ 133,045
Total net sales and revenue	$ 38,399	$ 35,791	$ 36,760	$ 36,099	$ 37,715	$ 33,623	$ 36,984	$ 37,266	147,049	$ 145,588	$ 149,184
Long-Lived Assets	82,698				80,329				82,698	80,329	68,055
Automotive [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									133,045	133,449	140,205
Automotive [Member] \| U.S. [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									104,413	100,674	110,661
Long-Lived Assets	25,625				24,473				25,625	24,473	22,241
Automotive [Member] \| Non-U.S. [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue									28,632	32,775	29,544
Long-Lived Assets	13,263				12,715				13,263	12,715	11,258
GM Financial [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total net sales and revenue									14,004	12,139	8,979
GM Financial [Member] \| U.S. [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total net sales and revenue									12,169	10,489	7,462
Long-Lived Assets	41,334				40,674				41,334	40,674	32,506
GM Financial [Member] \| Non-U.S. [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total net sales and revenue									1,835	1,650	1,517
Long-Lived Assets	$ 2,476				$ 2,467				$ 2,476	$ 2,467	$ 2,050

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts receivable	$ 492	$ 1,402	$ (1,249)
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(2,606)	(2,099)	(2,184)
Inventories	399	440	(75)
Automotive equipment on operating leases	748	(263)	785
Change in other assets	(529)	108	(939)
Accounts payable	(537)	(362)	3,195
Income taxes payable	(75)	(3)	(162)
Accrued and other liabilities	732	(2,238)	1,209
Total	(1,376)	(3,015)	580
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	660	656	676
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	3,597	3,072	2,221
Automotive [Member]
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	656	501	460
GM Financial [Member]
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$ 2,941	$ 2,571	$ 1,761