0001467858-24-000031 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$ 7,422	$ 8,014
Finished product, including service parts	9,039	7,353
Total inventories	16,461	$ 15,366
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory allowance	2,200
Electric Vehicle Inventory
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory allowance	$ 1,900

Property

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Property


	Estimated Useful Lives in Years	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land		$	1,293	$	1,307
Buildings and improvements	5-40	13,256		11,461
Machinery and equipment	3-27	37,074		33,413
Special tools	1-13	26,086		24,775
Construction in progress		8,135		7,340
Total property		85,845		78,295
Less: accumulated depreciation		(35,524)		(33,047)
Total property, net		$	50,321	$	45,248

The amount of capitalized software included in Property, net was $2.2 billion and $1.8 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	6,719	$	6,297	$	5,829
Impairment charges	$	115	$	12	$	—


Capitalized software amortization expense(a)	$	705	$	614	$	515

__________

(a) Included in Depreciation and amortization expense.

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates - Transactions with NCAs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Net sales and revenue	$ 171,842	$ 156,735	$ 127,004
Accounts and notes receivable, net	12,378	13,333
Accounts payable (principally trade)	28,114	27,486
Certain Equity Method Investee's
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Net sales and revenue	209	218	227
Automotive purchases, net	2,766	2,637	1,551
Dividends received	1,018	1,030	783
Operating cash flows	(941)	(1,133)	$ (616)
Accounts and notes receivable, net	589	1,089
Accounts payable (principally trade)	806	942
Undistributed earnings	$ 1,719	$ 1,918

- Definition

Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).

+ References

+ Details

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates - Summarized Financial Data of NCAs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 101,618	$ 100,451
Non-current assets	171,446	163,586
Total Assets	273,064	264,037	$ 244,718
Current liabilities	94,445	91,173
Non-current liabilities	110,312	100,579
Total Liabilities	204,757	191,752
Noncontrolling interests	3,903	4,135
Net sales and revenue	171,842	156,735	127,004
Net income (loss)	9,840	9,708	9,945
Nonconsolidated Affiliates
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	33,398	35,140
Non-current assets	23,120	23,254
Total Assets	56,518	58,394
Current liabilities	37,412	40,765
Non-current liabilities	5,244	4,351
Total Liabilities	42,656	45,116
Noncontrolling interests	868	904
Net sales and revenue	35,746	37,886	44,793
Net income (loss)	1,893	1,833	2,696
Nonconsolidated Affiliates \| Automotive China JVs
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	15,963	17,735
Non-current assets	11,585	12,428
Total Assets	27,548	30,163
Current liabilities	22,104	23,267
Non-current liabilities	1,070	1,167
Total Liabilities	23,174	24,434
Noncontrolling interests	868	904
Net sales and revenue	31,435	35,857	42,776
Net income (loss)	1,122	1,407	2,109
Nonconsolidated Affiliates \| Other joint ventures
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	17,435	17,405
Non-current assets	11,535	10,826
Total Assets	28,970	28,231
Current liabilities	15,308	17,498
Non-current liabilities	4,174	3,184
Total Liabilities	19,482	20,682
Noncontrolling interests	0	0
Net sales and revenue	4,311	2,029	2,017
Net income (loss)	$ 771	$ 426	$ 587

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$ 1,119	$ 1,120
Pension and other employee benefit plans	1,522	997
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	3,684	4,341
Miscellaneous	5,121	2,773
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	33,562	30,240
Less: valuation allowances	(6,979)	(7,744)
Total deferred tax assets	26,583	22,495
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	4,233	1,957
Intangible assets	699	707
Total deferred tax liabilities	4,932	2,664
Net deferred tax assets	21,651	19,832
Domestic Tax Authority
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards	404
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration	129
Tax credit carryforwards	5,600
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely	405
Domestic Tax Authority \| Tax Year 2042
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration	275
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration	5,200
Foreign Tax Authority
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards	6,100
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration	5,200
Tax credit carryforwards	135
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely	109
Foreign Tax Authority \| Tax Year 2042
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration	876
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration	26
U.S.
Deferred tax assets
U.S. capitalized research expenditures	9,879	8,851
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	6,033	5,861
Non-U.S.
Deferred tax assets
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	6,204	6,296
Germany, Spain, South Korea, United States and Brazil
Deferred tax assets
Less: valuation allowances	$ (7,000)	$ (7,700)

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Interest expense and financing interest expense


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Automotive interest expense	$	911	$	987	$	950
Automotive Financing - GM Financial interest expense	4,685		2,881		2,546
Total interest expense	$	5,596	$	3,868	$	3,496

Schedule of maturities of long-term debt

The following table summarizes contractual maturities including finance leases at December 31, 2023:


	Automotive		Automotive Financing		Total
2024	$	428	$	38,637	$	39,065
2025	2,644		22,971		25,615
2026	93		15,049		15,142
2027	1,826		8,770		10,596
2028	831		7,164		7,995
Thereafter	11,082		13,999		25,081
	$	16,905	$	106,590	$	123,494

Automotive

Debt carrying amount and fair value

The following table presents debt in our automotive operations:


	December 31, 2023					December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value			Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	134	$	132		$	124	$	123
Unsecured debt(a)	15,842		15,911			17,340		16,323
Finance lease liabilities	437		447			381		381
Total automotive debt(b)	$	16,413	$	16,490		$	17,844	$	16,828

Fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs			$	15,457				$	15,971
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	1,033				$	857


Available under credit facility agreements(c)			$	16,446				$	15,095
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt(d)			16.2		%			6.1		%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt(d)			5.8		%			5.8		%

__________

(a)Primarily consist of senior notes.

(b)Includes net discount and debt issuance costs of $527 million and $525 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(c)Excludes our 364-day, $2.0 billion facility designated for exclusive use by GM Financial.

(d)Includes coupon rates on debt denominated in various foreign currencies and interest free loans.

GM Financial

Debt carrying amount and fair value

The following table presents debt of GM Financial:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	45,243	$	44,971	$	42,131	$	41,467
Unsecured debt	60,084		59,651		54,723		52,270
Total GM Financial debt	$	105,327	$	104,622	$	96,854	$	93,738

Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	102,262			$	91,545
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs			$	2,360			$	2,192

Derivative Financial Instruments - Balance Sheet Location of GM Financial Unsecured Debt (Details) - Fair Value Hedges - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Items	$ 33,551	$ 28,319
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments	1,029	781
Cumulative fair value adjustment on discontinued hedging relationships	872
Short-term Unsecured Debt
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Items	3,508	3,048
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments	(8)	2
Long-term Unsecured Debt
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Items	30,043	25,271
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments	$ 1,037	$ 779

Debt - Secured Debt and Unsecured Debt (Details) $ in Billions	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($) loan	Oct. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022
Unsecured Debt \| Delayed Draw Term Loan Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term	364 days
Aggregate borrowing capacity	$ 3.0
Number of loan \| loan	4
Automotive
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt				5.80%		5.80%
Revolving Credit Facility \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate				7.82%
Maximum \| Revolving Credit Facility \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term				5 years
Senior Notes \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued			$ 1.5
Weighted-average interest rate			4.875%
Senior Notes \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued				$ 11.4
Weighted-average interest rate				5.70%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt				3.82%
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| Five Year Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 10.0		$ 11.2
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| Three Year Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 4.1		$ 4.3
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| $6.0 Billion Dollar Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term		364 days
Aggregate borrowing capacity		$ 6.0
Line of Credit \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt \| $2.0 Billion Dollar Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term			364 days	364 days
Aggregate borrowing capacity			$ 2.0	$ 2.0
Line of Credit \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt \| Five Year Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term			5 years
Line of Credit \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt \| Three Year Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term			3 years
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| GM Financial \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase to maximum borrowing capacity				20.8
Notes Payable, Other Payables \| GM Financial \| Secured Debt \| Securitization notes payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued				$ 23.6
Weighted-average interest rate				5.60%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt				5.32%

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 71,927	$ 65,815	$ 49,677
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(2,355)	1,337	4,206
Balance at end of period	68,189	71,927	65,815
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(2,776)	(2,654)	(2,735)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	319	(123)	81
Balance at end of period	(2,457)	(2,776)	(2,654)
Defined Benefit Plans
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(4,851)	(6,528)	(10,654)
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment	(3,706)	1,487	4,714
Tax benefit (expense)	838	2	(906)
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax	(2,868)	1,488	3,808
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax	54	188	318
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(2,814)	1,677	4,126
Balance at end of period	$ (7,665)	$ (4,851)	$ (6,528)

- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

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Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.

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+ Details

Property (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment


	Estimated Useful Lives in Years	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land		$	1,293	$	1,307
Buildings and improvements	5-40	13,256		11,461
Machinery and equipment	3-27	37,074		33,413
Special tools	1-13	26,086		24,775
Construction in progress		8,135		7,340
Total property		85,845		78,295
Less: accumulated depreciation		(35,524)		(33,047)
Total property, net		$	50,321	$	45,248

Depreciation Amortization and Impairment of Property Plant and Equipment

The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	6,719	$	6,297	$	5,829
Impairment charges	$	115	$	12	$	—


Capitalized software amortization expense(a)	$	705	$	614	$	515

__________

(a) Included in Depreciation and amortization expense.

Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Revenue recognition term of separate and bundled services	8 years
Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Maximum maturity period for highly liquid securities	90 days
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [Abstract]
Percentage recognized as pension expense in the first year	60.00%
Percentage of pension expense recognized in each of the next four years	10.00%
Subsequent period over which pension expense adjustment is amortized	4 years
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Number of years used for valuation allowance methodology	3 years
Minimum threshold to recognize the tax benefit for uncertain tax positions	50.00%
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation [Abstract]
Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction (gains) losses	$ 349	$ 172	$ (17)
Canada, United Kingdom and Germany
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [Abstract]
Benefit obligation for pension plans (percent)	90.00%
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Cash incentives receivable	$ 717
Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Cash incentives receivable	190
Property, Net
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Cash incentives receivable	480
Other assets
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Cash incentives receivable	269
Other liabilities
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Deferred incentive income in other liabilities	341
Automotive Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Advertising and Promotion Expenditures [Abstract]
Advertising and promotion expenditures	3,600	4,000	3,300
Automotive Cost of Sales
Research and Development Expenditures [Abstract]
Research and development expenditures	$ 9,900	9,800	7,900
GM Financial \| Minimum \| Equipment
Equipment on Operating Leases, net [Abstract]
Term of leasing arrangements	2 years
GM Financial \| Maximum \| Equipment
Equipment on Operating Leases, net [Abstract]
Term of leasing arrangements	5 years
GM Financial \| Retail Finance Receivables
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Period past due threshold for suspending accrual of finance charge income	60 days
GM Financial \| Commercial Finance Receivables
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Period past due threshold for suspending accrual of finance charge income	90 days
Automotive
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Automotive and other cost of sales	$ 141,330	$ 126,892	$ 100,544
Automotive \| Automotive Cost of Sales
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Incentive income	$ 251

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Automotive The following table presents debt in our automotive operations:


	December 31, 2023					December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value			Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	134	$	132		$	124	$	123
Unsecured debt(a)	15,842		15,911			17,340		16,323
Finance lease liabilities	437		447			381		381
Total automotive debt(b)	$	16,413	$	16,490		$	17,844	$	16,828

Fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs			$	15,457				$	15,971
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	1,033				$	857


Available under credit facility agreements(c)			$	16,446				$	15,095
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt(d)			16.2		%			6.1		%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt(d)			5.8		%			5.8		%

__________

(a)Primarily consist of senior notes.

(b)Includes net discount and debt issuance costs of $527 million and $525 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(c)Excludes our 364-day, $2.0 billion facility designated for exclusive use by GM Financial.

(d)Includes coupon rates on debt denominated in various foreign currencies and interest free loans.

In March 2023, we redeemed our $1.5 billion, 4.875% senior unsecured notes with a maturity date of October 2023 and recorded an insignificant loss.

Also, in March 2023, we renewed and reduced the total borrowing capacity of our five-year, $11.2 billion facility to $10.0 billion, which now matures March 31, 2028. We also renewed and reduced the total borrowing capacity of our three-year, $4.3 billion facility to $4.1 billion, which now matures March 31, 2026, and renewed our 364-day, $2.0 billion revolving credit facility allocated for the exclusive use of GM Financial, which now matures March 30, 2024. The renewed credit facilities are based on Term SOFR whereas the previous credit facilities were based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR).

In October 2023, we entered into a new 364-day unsecured revolving credit facility with a borrowing capacity of $6.0 billion, which we terminated on November 24, 2023.

In November 2023, the Company entered an unsecured 364-day delayed draw term loan credit agreement that permits the Company to borrow up to $3.0 billion in the form of four term loans during an availability period that ends June 28, 2024. Amounts drawn and repaid may not be reborrowed and the final maturity date for any loans outstanding under the delayed draw credit agreement is November 27, 2024.

GM Financial The following table presents debt of GM Financial:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	45,243	$	44,971	$	42,131	$	41,467
Unsecured debt	60,084		59,651		54,723		52,270
Total GM Financial debt	$	105,327	$	104,622	$	96,854	$	93,738

Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	102,262			$	91,545
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs			$	2,360			$	2,192

Secured debt consists of revolving credit facilities and securitization notes payable. Most of the secured debt was issued by VIEs and is repayable only from proceeds related to the underlying pledged assets. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on GM Financial's involvement with VIEs. GM Financial is required to hold certain funds in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for borrowings under certain secured credit facilities. The weighted-average interest rate on secured debt was 5.32% at December 31, 2023. The revolving credit facilities have maturity dates ranging from 2024 to 2029 and securitization notes payable have maturity dates ranging from 2024 to 2036. At the end of the revolving period, if not renewed, the debt of revolving credit facilities will amortize over a defined period. In the year ended December 31, 2023, GM Financial renewed revolving credit facilities with total borrowing capacity of $20.8 billion and issued $23.6 billion in aggregate principal amount of securitization notes payable with an initial weighted-average interest rate of 5.60% and maturity dates ranging from 2023 to 2036.

Unsecured debt consists of senior notes, credit facilities and other unsecured debt. Senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2023 have maturity dates ranging from 2024 to 2034 and have a weighted-average interest rate of 3.82%. In the year ended December 31, 2023, GM Financial issued $11.4 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior notes with an initial weighted-average interest rate of 5.70% and maturity dates ranging from 2026 to 2034.

Unsecured credit facilities and other unsecured debt have original maturities of up to five years. The weighted-average interest rate on these credit facilities and other unsecured debt was 7.82% at December 31, 2023.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Automotive interest expense	$	911	$	987	$	950
Automotive Financing - GM Financial interest expense	4,685		2,881		2,546
Total interest expense	$	5,596	$	3,868	$	3,496

The following table summarizes contractual maturities including finance leases at December 31, 2023:


	Automotive		Automotive Financing		Total
2024	$	428	$	38,637	$	39,065
2025	2,644		22,971		25,615
2026	93		15,049		15,142
2027	1,826		8,770		10,596
2028	831		7,164		7,995
Thereafter	11,082		13,999		25,081
	$	16,905	$	106,590	$	123,494

Compliance with Debt Covenants Several of our loan facilities, including our revolving credit facilities, require compliance with certain financial and operational covenants as well as regular reporting to lenders, including providing certain subsidiary financial statements. Certain of GM Financial’s secured debt agreements also contain various covenants, including maintaining portfolio performance ratios as well as limits on deferment levels. GM Financial’s unsecured debt obligations contain covenants including limitations on GM Financial's ability to incur certain liens. Failure to meet certain of these requirements may result in

a covenant violation or an event of default depending on the terms of the agreement. An event of default may allow lenders to declare amounts outstanding under these agreements immediately due and payable, to enforce their interests against collateral pledged under these agreements or restrict our ability or GM Financial's ability to obtain additional borrowings. No technical defaults or covenant violations existed at December 31, 2023.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//470/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 6,010	$ 6,021
Accumulated Amortization	3,069	2,987
Net Carrying Amount	2,941	3,034
Amortization expense	114	139	$ 141
Estimated amortization expense, 2023	159
Estimated amortization expense, 2024	159
Estimated amortization expense, 2025	159
Estimated amortization expense, 2026	159
Estimated amortization expense, 2027	159
Technology and intellectual property
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	749	767
Accumulated Amortization	517	564
Net Carrying Amount	231	203
Brands
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	4,293	4,294
Accumulated Amortization	1,768	1,658
Net Carrying Amount	2,526	2,636
Dealer network, customer relationships and other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	968	960
Accumulated Amortization	784	765
Net Carrying Amount	$ 184	$ 195

Consolidated Income Statements - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net sales and revenue
Automotive	$ 157,658	$ 143,975	$ 113,590
GM Financial	14,184	12,760	13,414
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)	171,842	156,735	127,004
Costs and expenses
Total costs and expenses	162,544	146,421	117,680
Operating income (loss)	9,298	10,315	9,324
Interest income and other non-operating income, net (Note 19)	1,537	1,432	3,041
Equity income (loss) (Note 8)	480	837	1,301
Income (loss) before income taxes	10,403	11,597	12,716
Income tax expense (benefit) (Note 17)	563	1,888	2,771
Net income (loss)	9,840	9,708	9,945
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	287	226	74
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	10,127	9,934	10,019
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 10,022	$ 8,915	$ 9,837
Earnings per share (Note 21)
Basic earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 7.35	$ 6.17	$ 6.78
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic (in shares)	1,364	1,445	1,451
Diluted earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 7.32	$ 6.13	$ 6.70
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (in shares)	1,369	1,454	1,468
Automotive
Net sales and revenue
Automotive	$ 157,658	$ 143,975	$ 113,590
Costs and expenses
Automotive and other cost of sales	141,330	126,892	100,544
Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense	9,840	10,667	8,554
Total interest expense	911	987	950
GM Financial
Net sales and revenue
GM Financial	14,184	12,760	13,414
Costs and expenses
GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses	$ 11,374	$ 8,862	$ 8,582

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 9,840	$ 9,708	$ 9,945
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 20)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	458	(340)	80
Defined benefit plans	(2,814)	1,677	4,126
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(2,355)	1,337	4,206
Comprehensive income (loss)	7,485	11,045	14,151
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	297	257	87
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders (loss)	$ 7,781	$ 11,303	$ 14,238

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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+ Details

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Commercial Finance Receivables Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Finance receivables, nonaccrual status	$ 0	$ 0
GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 86,463	$ 76,310
Commercial Finance Receivables \| Floorplan advances
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Percent of Contractual Amount Due	99.70%	99.00%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 13,734	$ 10,988
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Dealer Financing
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	11,846	9,297
2023	281	453
2022	421	357
2021	311	360
2020	301	102
2019	86	38
Prior	11	18
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 13,257	$ 10,625
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| I \| Dealer Financing
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 11,513	$ 9,130
2023	279	438
2022	403	356
2021	297	360
2020	301	91
2019	75	38
Prior	11	18
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 12,879	$ 10,431
Percent	97.10%	98.20%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| II \| Dealer Financing
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 182	$ 89
2023	0	0
2022	2	1
2021	2	0
2020	0	0
2019	0	0
Prior	0	0
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 187	$ 91
Percent	1.40%	0.90%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| III \| Dealer Financing
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 152	$ 78
2023	1	15
2022	15	0
2021	12	0
2020	0	10
2019	11	0
Prior	0	0
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 192	$ 104
Percent	1.40%	1.00%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| IV \| Dealer Financing
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 0	$ 0
2023	0	0
2022	0	0
2021	0	0
2020	0	0
2019	0	0
Prior	0	0
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 0	$ 0
Percent	0.00%	0.00%

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$	7,422	$	8,014
Finished product, including service parts	9,039		7,353
Total inventories	$	16,461	$	15,366

At December 31, 2023, inventories are reflected net of allowances totaling $2.2 billion, of which $1.9 billion is EV-related, to remeasure inventory on-hand to net realizable value.

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Auditor [Abstract]
Auditor Location	Detroit, Michigan
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Firm ID	42

Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing Net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities that are outstanding.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Basic earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	10,127	$	9,934	$	10,019
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock(a)	(106)		(1,019)		(182)


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	10,022	$	8,915	$	9,837

Weighted-average common shares outstanding	1,364		1,445		1,451



Basic earnings per common share	$	7.35	$	6.17	$	6.78
Diluted earnings per share


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$	10,022	$	8,915	$	9,837

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic	1,364		1,445		1,451
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans	6		10		17
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,369		1,454		1,468



Diluted earnings per common share	$	7.32	$	6.13	$	6.70

Potentially dilutive securities(b)	23		10		2

__________

(a) Includes a $909 million deemed dividend related to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares from SoftBank and an insignificant amount in participating securities income from a subsidiary for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(b) Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding stock options at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and RSUs at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

Segment Reporting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment:


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	141,445	$	15,949	$	273			$	157,667	$	102	$	14,225	$	(151)	$	171,842
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,306	$	1,210	$	(1,413)			$	12,103	$	(2,695)	$	2,985	$	(35)	$	12,357
Adjustments(a)	$	(1,604)	$	217	$	—			$	(1,387)	$	(478)	$	—	$	—	(1,865)
Automotive interest income																	1,109
Automotive interest expense																	(911)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(287)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	10,403
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(563)
Net income (loss)																	9,840

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	287
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	10,127
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	2,595	$	6,348	$	—	$	—	$	8,943	$	—	$	1,670	$	—	$	10,613
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,083	$	710	$	—	$	—	$	2,793	$	715	$	1,354	$	—	$	4,862
Total assets	$	155,908	$	26,225	$	41,271	$	(82,858)	$	140,546	$	4,555	$	130,780	$	(2,817)	$	273,064
Expenditures for property	$	10,147	$	522	$	15	$	—	$	10,684	$	63	$	24	$	198	$	10,970
Depreciation and amortization	$	6,146	$	589	$	21	$	—	$	6,755	$	38	$	4,944	$	—	$	11,737
Impairment charges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	209	$	—	$	—	$	209
Equity income (loss)(b)	$	196	$	440	$	—	$	—	$	635	$	—	$	138	$	—	$	773

__________

(a) Consists of charges related to the VSP and strategic activities related to Buick dealerships in GMNA; the gain associated with India asset sales and the partial resolution of Korean subcontractor matters in GMI; and charges related to Cruise restructuring.

(b) Equity earnings related to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales as this entity is integral to the operations of our business by providing battery cells for our EVs. Equity earnings related to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC were $293 million in the year ended December 31, 2023.


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177			$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,988	$	1,143	$	(1,846)			$	12,286	$	(1,890)	$	4,076	$	2	$	14,474
Adjustments(a)	$	(411)	$	(657)	$	—			$	(1,068)	$	(1,057)	$	—	$	—	(2,125)
Automotive interest income																	460
Automotive interest expense																	(987)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(226)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	11,597
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(1,888)
Net income (loss)																	9,708

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	226
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	9,934
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	1,820	$	6,691	$	—	$	—	$	8,511	$	—	$	1,665	$	—	$	10,176
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,134	$	740	$	4	$	—	$	2,877	$	727	$	1,341	$	—	$	4,945
Total assets	$	157,250	$	24,808	$	60,518	$	(104,157)	$	138,419	$	5,510	$	121,544	$	(1,436)	$	264,037
Expenditures for property	$	8,280	$	706	$	20	$	—	$	9,007	$	197	$	44	$	(10)	$	9,238
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,800	$	513	$	21	$	—	$	6,335	$	53	$	4,888	$	—	$	11,276
Impairment charges	$	11	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12
Equity income (loss)	$	(9)	$	672	$	—	$	—	$	663	$	—	$	173	$	—	$	837

__________

(a) Consists of charges for strategic activities related to Buick dealerships and the resolution of substantially all royalty matters accrued with respect to past-year vehicle sales in GMNA; charges related to the shutdown of our Russia business in GMI; and charges related to the one-time modification of Cruise stock incentive awards.


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104			$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	10,318	$	827	$	(680)			$	10,465	$	(1,196)	$	5,036	$	(10)	$	14,295
Adjustments(a)	$	(425)	$	(276)	$	—			$	(701)	$	—	$	—	$	—	(701)
Automotive interest income																	146
Automotive interest expense																	(950)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(74)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	12,716
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(2,771)
Net income (loss)																	9,945

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	74
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	10,019
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	827	$	7,133	$	—	$	—	$	7,960	$	—	$	1,717	$	—	$	9,677
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,240	$	772	$	—	$	—	$	3,012	$	736	$	1,339	$	—	$	5,087
Total assets	$	121,735	$	22,876	$	40,492	$	(56,936)	$	128,167	$	4,489	$	113,207	$	(1,145)	$	244,718
Expenditures for property	$	6,576	$	783	$	30	$	—	$	7,389	$	89	$	26	$	5	$	7,509
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,298	$	542	$	21	$	—	$	5,861	$	52	$	6,134	$	—	$	12,047
Impairment charges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	—	$	—	$	4
Equity income (loss)	$	8	$	1,092	$	—	$	—	$	1,100	$	—	$	201	$	—	$	1,301

__________

(a) Consists of royalties accrued with respect to past-year vehicle sales and charges for strategic activities related to Cadillac dealerships in GMNA; and a settlement with certain third parties relating to retrospective recoveries of indirect taxes and an adjustment related to the unique events associated with Korea Supreme Court decisions related to our salaried workers in GMI.

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas

The following table summarizes information concerning principal geographic areas:


	At and For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023				2022				2021
	Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets
Automotive
U.S.	$	127,472	$	34,142	$	116,798	$	30,201	$	92,771	$	27,192
Non-U.S.	30,186		16,054		27,177		14,907		20,819		13,771
GM Financial
U.S.	12,133		27,397		11,035		29,411		11,712		34,452
Non-U.S.	2,051		3,309		1,725		3,431		1,702		3,629
Total consolidated	$	171,842	$	80,903	$	156,735	$	77,950	$	127,004	$	79,044

Consolidated Statements Of Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Noncontrolling Interests	Noncontrolling Interests Preferred Stock
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 49,677		$ 14	$ 26,542	$ 31,962	$ (13,488)	$ 4,647
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	9,945				10,019		(74)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	4,206					4,219	(13)
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)		$ 1,736						$ 1,736
Stock based compensation	523			526	(3)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(186)						(186)
Other	(86)		1	(7)	(41)		(39)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2021	65,815		15	27,061	41,937	(9,269)	6,071
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2020	0
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2021	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	9,708				9,934		(226)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	1,337					1,368	(31)
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)		$ (2,121)			(909)			$ (1,212)
Purchase of common stock	(2,500)		(1)	(1,153)	(1,347)
Stock based compensation	294			299	(5)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(257)				(257)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(140)				(12)		(127)
Other	(208)			221	(90)		(340)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2022	71,927		14	26,428	49,251	(7,901)	4,135
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation	299
Other	59
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2022	357
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	9,840				10,127		(287)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(2,355)					(2,346)	(9)
Purchase of common stock	(11,115)		(2)	(7,686)	(3,426)
Stock based compensation	253			259	(6)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(477)				(477)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(120)						(120)
Other	237			129	(77)		185
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2023	68,189		$ 12	$ 19,130	$ 55,391	$ (10,247)	$ 3,903
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation	24
Other	(263)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 118

Stock Incentive Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Incentive Plans

GM Stock Incentive Awards We grant to certain employees RSUs, PSUs and stock options (collectively, stock incentive awards) under our 2020 LTIP and prior to the 2020 LTIP, under our 2017 and 2014 LTIP. The 2020 LTIP was approved by stockholders in June 2020. Any new awards granted after the approval of the 2020 LTIP in June 2020 will be issued under the 2020 LTIP. To the extent any shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 LTIP and/or the 2014 LTIP, such shares will only be used to settle outstanding awards that were previously granted under such plans prior to June 2020. Shares awarded under the plans are subject to forfeiture if the participant leaves the company for reasons other than those permitted under the plans such as retirement, death or disability.

RSU awards granted either cliff vest or ratably vest generally over a three-year service period, as defined in the terms of each award. PSU awards vest at the end of a three-year performance period, based on performance criteria determined by the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors at the time of award. The number of shares earned may equal, exceed or be less than the targeted number of shares depending on whether the performance criteria are met, surpassed or not met. Stock options expire 10 years from the grant date. Our performance-based stock options vest ratably over 55 months based on the performance of our common stock relative to that of a specified peer group. Our service-based stock options vest ratably over three years.


	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
Units outstanding at January 1, 2023	34.1	$	27.62	0.8
Granted	14.3	$	33.54
Settled	(5.8)	$	38.66
Forfeited or expired	(2.7)	$	36.55
Units outstanding at December 31, 2023(a)	39.9	$	27.53	0.9

__________

(a) Includes the target amount of PSUs.

Our weighted-average assumptions used to value our stock options are a dividend yield of 1.90%, 1.60% and 1.67%, expected volatility of 34.0%, 41.0% and 47.8%, a risk-free interest rate of 3.70%, 1.88% and 0.76%, and an expected option life of 6.00 years for options issued during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The expected volatility is based on the average of the implied volatility of publicly traded options for our common stock.

Total compensation expense related to the above awards was $340 million, $419 million and $391 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

At December 31, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards granted was $249 million. This expense is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years. The total fair value of stock incentive awards vested was $425 million, $307 million and $258 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Cruise Stock Incentive Awards Cruise granted RSUs that will settle in common shares of Cruise Holdings in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Stock options were granted in common shares of Cruise Holdings in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. These awards were granted under Cruise's 2018 Employee Incentive Plan approved by Cruise Holdings' Board of Directors in August 2018. Shares awarded under the plan are subject to forfeiture if the participant leaves the company for reasons other than those permitted under the plan. In March 2022, Cruise modified its RSUs that settle in Cruise Class B Common Shares to remove the liquidity vesting condition such that all granted RSU awards vest solely upon satisfaction of a service condition. The service condition for the majority of these awards is satisfied over four years. Upon modification, 31 million RSUs whose service condition was previously met became immediately vested, thereby resulting in the immediate recognition of compensation expense. Subsequent to the modification, holders of Cruise Class B Common Shares issued to settle vested awards could tender their shares generally at the fair value of Cruise’s common stock. The ability to tender the Class B Common Shares results in certain awards to be classified as liabilities and other awards to be presented in temporary equity. Stock options vest ratably over four to 10 years, as defined in the terms of each award. Stock options expire up to 10 years from the grant date. During the year ended December 31, 2023, 14.6 million stock options were forfeited. At December 31, 2023, 9.8 million equity classified vested stock options with a 2.8 year weighted-average remaining contractual term are outstanding.

Total compensation expense related to Cruise Holdings' share-based awards was $0.4 billion, $1.6 billion and an insignificant amount for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, when excluding the compensation expense for the period April 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, primarily represents the impact of the modification to outstanding awards. GM conducted quarterly tender offers and paid approximately $0.3 billion and $0.6 billion in cash to settle tendered Cruise Class B Common Shares during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. No cash was paid to settle share-based awards for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Total unrecognized compensation expense for Cruise Holdings’ nonvested share-based awards granted was $0.7 billion at December 31, 2023. The expense related to share-based awards is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years.

Segment Reporting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

We analyze the results of our business through the following reportable segments: GMNA, GMI, Cruise and GM Financial. The chief operating decision-maker evaluates the operating results and performance of our automotive segments and Cruise through EBIT-adjusted, which is presented net of noncontrolling interests. The chief operating decision-maker evaluates GM Financial through EBT-adjusted because interest income and interest expense are part of operating results when assessing and

measuring the operational and financial performance of the segment. Each segment has a manager responsible for executing our strategic initiatives. While not all vehicles within a segment are individually profitable on a fully allocated cost basis, those vehicles attract customers to dealer showrooms and help maintain sales volumes for other, more profitable vehicles and contribute towards meeting required fuel efficiency standards. As a result of these and other factors, we do not manage our business on an individual brand or vehicle basis.

Substantially all of the trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts produced are marketed through retail dealers in North America and through distributors and dealers outside of North America, the substantial majority of which are independently owned. In addition to the products sold to dealers for consumer retail sales, trucks, crossovers and cars are also sold to fleet customers, including daily rental car companies, commercial fleet customers, leasing companies and governments. Fleet sales are completed through the dealer network and in some cases directly with fleet customers. Retail and fleet customers can obtain a wide range of after-sale vehicle services and products through the dealer network, such as maintenance, light repairs, collision repairs, vehicle accessories and extended service warranties.

GMNA meets the demands of customers in North America and GMI primarily meets the demands of customers outside North America, with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC brands. We also have equity ownership stakes in entities that meet the demands of customers in other countries, primarily China, with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and Wuling brands. Cruise is our global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of AV technology, and includes AV-related engineering and other costs. We provide automotive financing services through our GM Financial segment.

Our automotive interest income and interest expense, legacy costs from the Opel/Vauxhall Business (primarily pension costs), corporate expenditures and certain revenues and expenses that are not part of a reportable segment are recorded centrally in Corporate. Corporate assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities and intersegment balances. All intersegment balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment:


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	141,445	$	15,949	$	273			$	157,667	$	102	$	14,225	$	(151)	$	171,842
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,306	$	1,210	$	(1,413)			$	12,103	$	(2,695)	$	2,985	$	(35)	$	12,357
Adjustments(a)	$	(1,604)	$	217	$	—			$	(1,387)	$	(478)	$	—	$	—	(1,865)
Automotive interest income																	1,109
Automotive interest expense																	(911)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(287)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	10,403
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(563)
Net income (loss)																	9,840

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	287
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	10,127
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	2,595	$	6,348	$	—	$	—	$	8,943	$	—	$	1,670	$	—	$	10,613
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,083	$	710	$	—	$	—	$	2,793	$	715	$	1,354	$	—	$	4,862
Total assets	$	155,908	$	26,225	$	41,271	$	(82,858)	$	140,546	$	4,555	$	130,780	$	(2,817)	$	273,064
Expenditures for property	$	10,147	$	522	$	15	$	—	$	10,684	$	63	$	24	$	198	$	10,970
Depreciation and amortization	$	6,146	$	589	$	21	$	—	$	6,755	$	38	$	4,944	$	—	$	11,737
Impairment charges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	209	$	—	$	—	$	209
Equity income (loss)(b)	$	196	$	440	$	—	$	—	$	635	$	—	$	138	$	—	$	773

__________


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177			$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,988	$	1,143	$	(1,846)			$	12,286	$	(1,890)	$	4,076	$	2	$	14,474
Adjustments(a)	$	(411)	$	(657)	$	—			$	(1,068)	$	(1,057)	$	—	$	—	(2,125)
Automotive interest income																	460
Automotive interest expense																	(987)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(226)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	11,597
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(1,888)
Net income (loss)																	9,708

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	226
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	9,934
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	1,820	$	6,691	$	—	$	—	$	8,511	$	—	$	1,665	$	—	$	10,176
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,134	$	740	$	4	$	—	$	2,877	$	727	$	1,341	$	—	$	4,945
Total assets	$	157,250	$	24,808	$	60,518	$	(104,157)	$	138,419	$	5,510	$	121,544	$	(1,436)	$	264,037
Expenditures for property	$	8,280	$	706	$	20	$	—	$	9,007	$	197	$	44	$	(10)	$	9,238
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,800	$	513	$	21	$	—	$	6,335	$	53	$	4,888	$	—	$	11,276
Impairment charges	$	11	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12
Equity income (loss)	$	(9)	$	672	$	—	$	—	$	663	$	—	$	173	$	—	$	837

__________


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104			$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	10,318	$	827	$	(680)			$	10,465	$	(1,196)	$	5,036	$	(10)	$	14,295
Adjustments(a)	$	(425)	$	(276)	$	—			$	(701)	$	—	$	—	$	—	(701)
Automotive interest income																	146
Automotive interest expense																	(950)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(74)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	12,716
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(2,771)
Net income (loss)																	9,945

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	74
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	10,019
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	827	$	7,133	$	—	$	—	$	7,960	$	—	$	1,717	$	—	$	9,677
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,240	$	772	$	—	$	—	$	3,012	$	736	$	1,339	$	—	$	5,087
Total assets	$	121,735	$	22,876	$	40,492	$	(56,936)	$	128,167	$	4,489	$	113,207	$	(1,145)	$	244,718
Expenditures for property	$	6,576	$	783	$	30	$	—	$	7,389	$	89	$	26	$	5	$	7,509
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,298	$	542	$	21	$	—	$	5,861	$	52	$	6,134	$	—	$	12,047
Impairment charges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	—	$	—	$	4
Equity income (loss)	$	8	$	1,092	$	—	$	—	$	1,100	$	—	$	201	$	—	$	1,301

__________

Automotive revenue is attributed to geographic areas based on the country of sale. GM Financial revenue is attributed to the geographic area where the financing is originated. The following table summarizes information concerning principal geographic areas:


	At and For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023				2022				2021
	Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets
Automotive
U.S.	$	127,472	$	34,142	$	116,798	$	30,201	$	92,771	$	27,192
Non-U.S.	30,186		16,054		27,177		14,907		20,819		13,771
GM Financial
U.S.	12,133		27,397		11,035		29,411		11,712		34,452
Non-U.S.	2,051		3,309		1,725		3,431		1,702		3,629
Total consolidated	$	171,842	$	80,903	$	156,735	$	77,950	$	127,004	$	79,044

No individual country other than the U.S. represented more than 10% of our total net sales and revenue or long-lived assets, other than Mexico, whose long-lived assets were approximately 12%, 11% and 10% of our total long-lived assets at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	Significant Accounting Policies The accounting policies that follow are utilized by our automotive, automotive financing and Cruise operations, unless otherwise indicated. Revenue Recognition Automotive Automotive net sales and revenue represents the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for vehicle, parts and accessories and services and other sales. The consideration recognized represents the amount received, typically shortly after the sale to a customer, net of estimated dealer and customer sales incentives we reasonably expect to pay. Significant factors in determining our estimates of incentives include forecasted sales volume, product mix and the rate of customer acceptance of incentive programs, all of which are estimated based on historical experience and assumptions concerning future customer behavior and market conditions. Subsequent adjustments to incentive estimates are possible as facts and circumstances change over time. A portion of the consideration received is deferred for separate performance obligations, such as maintenance, services and vehicle connectivity, that will be provided to our customers at a future date. Taxes assessed by various government entities, such as sales, use and value-added taxes, collected at the time of the vehicle sale are excluded from Automotive net sales and revenue. Costs for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the vehicle transfers to the dealer are recognized at the time of sale and presented in Automotive and other cost of sales. Vehicle, Parts and Accessories For the majority of vehicle and accessories sales, our customers obtain control and we recognize revenue when the vehicle transfers to the dealer, which typically occurs either when the vehicle is released to the carrier responsible for transporting it to a dealer or upon delivery to a dealer. Revenue, net of estimated returns, is recognized on the sale of parts upon delivery to the customer. When our customers have a right to return eligible parts and accessories, we consider the returns in our estimation of the transaction price. Typically, transfers to daily rental companies are accounted for as sales, with revenue recognized at the time of transfer. We defer revenue for remarketing obligations, record a residual value guarantee and reflect a liability for amounts expected to be paid once the remarketing services are complete at the time of sale and recognize deferred revenue in earnings upon completion of the remarketing service. Used Vehicles Proceeds from the auction of vehicles utilized by our employees are recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Automotive and other cost of sales. Services and Other Services and other revenue primarily consists of revenue from vehicle-related service arrangements and after-sale services such as maintenance, OnStar, Super Cruise, vehicle connectivity and extended service warranties. For those service arrangements that are bundled with a vehicle sale, a portion of the revenue from the sale is allocated to the service component and recognized as deferred revenue within Accrued liabilities or Other liabilities. We recognize revenue for bundled services and services sold separately as services are performed, typically over a period of up to eight years. Automotive Financing - GM Financial Finance charge income earned on finance receivables is recognized using the effective interest method. Fees and commissions received (including manufacturer subvention) and direct costs of originating loans are deferred and amortized over the term of the related finance receivables using the effective interest method and are removed from the consolidated balance sheets when the related finance receivables are fully charged off or paid in full. Accrual of finance charge income on retail finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 60 days delinquent, accounts in bankruptcy and accounts in repossession. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to any fees due, then to any interest due and then any remaining amounts are applied to principal. Interest accrual generally resumes once an account has received payments bringing the delinquency to less than 60 days past due. Accrual of finance charge income on commercial finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 90 days delinquent, upon receipt of a bankruptcy notice from a borrower, or where reasonable doubt exists about the full collectability of contractually agreed upon principal and interest. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to principal. Interest accrual resumes once an account has received payments bringing the account fully current and collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured (including amounts previously charged off). Income from operating lease assets, which includes lease origination fees, net of lease origination costs, is recorded as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Gains or losses realized upon disposition of off-lease assets including any payments received from lessees upon lease termination, are included in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Advertising and Promotion Expenditures Advertising and promotion expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense, were $3.6 billion, $4.0 billion and $3.3 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Research and Development Expenditures Research and development expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other cost of sales, were $9.9 billion, $9.8 billion and $7.9 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. We enter into co-development arrangements with third parties or nonconsolidated affiliates for product-related research, engineering, design and development activities. Cost sharing payments and fees related to these arrangements are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales. Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. Certain operating agreements require us to post cash as collateral. Cash and cash equivalents subject to contractual restrictions and not readily available are classified as restricted cash. Restricted cash is invested in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements and include amounts related to various deposits, escrows and other cash collateral. Restricted cash is included in Other current assets and Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Fair Value Measurements A three-level valuation hierarchy, based upon observable and unobservable inputs, is used for fair value measurements. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions based on the best evidence available. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose significant inputs are observable; and Level 3 – Instruments whose significant inputs are unobservable. Marketable Debt Securities We generally classify marketable debt securities as available-for-sale. Various factors, including turnover of holdings and investment guidelines, are considered in determining the classification of securities. Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value with non-credit related unrealized gains and losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss until realized. Credit losses are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. An evaluation is made quarterly to determine if any portion of unrealized losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss needs to be reclassified. Non-credit related unrealized losses are reclassified to Interest income and other non-operating income, net if we intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before the recovery of the unrealized loss. We determine realized gains and losses for all debt securities using the specific identification method and measure the fair value of our marketable debt securities using a market approach where identical or comparable prices are available and an income approach in other cases. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values of securities are determined using prices from a pricing service, pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flow models. These prices represent non-binding quotes. Our pricing service utilizes industry-standard pricing models that consider various inputs. We review our pricing service quarterly and believe the prices received from our pricing service are a reliable representation of exit prices. Accounts and Notes Receivable Accounts and notes receivable primarily consists of amounts that are due and payable from our customers for the sale of vehicles, parts and accessories. We evaluate the collectability of receivables each reporting period and record an allowance for doubtful accounts to present the net amount expected to be collected on our receivables. Additions to the allowance are charged to bad debt expense reported in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense and were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. GM Financial Receivables Finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses. Provisions for loan losses are charged to operations in amounts sufficient to maintain the allowance for loan losses at levels considered adequate to cover expected credit losses on the finance receivables. For retail finance receivables, GM Financial uses static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the receivables, which is supplemented by management judgment. The modeling techniques incorporate reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions over the expected remaining life of the finance receivables. The economic forecasts incorporate factors which vary by region that GM Financial believes will have the largest impact on expected losses, including unemployment rates, interest rate spreads, disposable personal income and growth rates in gross domestic product. Commercial finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses and amounts held under a cash management program. GM Financial establishes the allowance for loan losses based on historical loss experience, as well as forecasted auto industry conditions, which is the economic indicator believed to have the largest impact on expected losses. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less cost to sell, and considers general market and economic conditions, periodic reviews of current profitability of vehicles, product warranty costs and the effect of estimated sales incentives. Net realizable value for off-lease and other vehicles is current auction sales proceeds less disposal and warranty costs. Inventories are reviewed to determine if inventory quantities are in excess of forecasted usage or if they have become obsolete, with a primary focus on productive material, supplies, work in process and parts and accessories. Equipment on Operating Leases Equipment on operating leases, net primarily consists of vehicle leases to retail customers with lease terms of two to five years. We are exposed to changes in the residual values of these assets. The residual values represent estimates of the values of the leased vehicles at the end of the lease agreements and are determined based on forecasted auction proceeds when there is a reliable basis to make such a determination. Realization of the residual values is dependent on the future ability to market the vehicles under prevailing market conditions. The estimate of the residual value is evaluated over the life of the arrangement and adjustments may be made to the extent the expected value of the vehicle changes. Adjustments may be in the form of revisions to the depreciation rate or recognition of an impairment charge. A lease vehicle asset group is determined to be impaired if an impairment indicator exists and the expected future cash flows, which include estimated residual values, are lower than the carrying amount of the vehicle asset group. If the carrying amount is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value of the vehicle asset group. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows, including estimated residual values. In our automotive finance operations, when a leased vehicle is returned or repossessed, the asset is recorded in Other assets at the lower of amortized cost or net realizable value. Upon disposition a gain or loss is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses for any difference between the net book value of the leased asset and the proceeds from the disposition of the asset. Equity Investments When events and circumstances warrant, equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting are evaluated for impairment. An impairment charge is recorded whenever a decline in value of an equity investment below its carrying amount is determined to be other-than-temporary. Impairment charges related to equity method investments are recorded in Equity income. Equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting are measured at fair value or in certain cases adjusted to fair value upon an observable price change, with changes in fair value recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Property, net Property, plant and equipment, including internal use software, is recorded at cost. The gross amount of assets under finance leases is included in property, plant and equipment. Major improvements that extend the useful life or add functionality are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. We depreciate depreciable property using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of lease or the life of the asset, whichever is shorter. The amortization of the assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Upon retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in earnings. Impairment charges related to property are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales, Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Special Tools Special tools represent product-specific propulsion and non-propulsion related tools, dies, molds and other items used in the vehicle manufacturing process. Expenditures for special tools are recorded at cost and are capitalized. We amortize special tools over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method or an accelerated amortization method based on their historical and estimated production volume. Impairment charges related to special tools are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually on October 1 and when events warrant such a review. The impairment test entails an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative impairment test is performed. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets, excluding goodwill, primarily include brand names, technology and intellectual property, customer relationships and dealer networks. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or an accelerated method of amortization over their estimated useful lives. Amortization of developed technology and intellectual property is recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. Amortization of brand names, customer relationships and our dealer networks is recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Impairment charges, if any, related to intangible assets are recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or Automotive and other cost of sales. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The carrying amount of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets to be held and used in the business is evaluated for impairment when events and circumstances warrant. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired, a loss is recorded based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Product-specific long-lived asset groups and non-product specific long-lived assets are separately tested for impairment on an asset group basis. Fair value is determined using either the market or sales comparison approach, cost approach or anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held for use until disposition. Government Incentives and Grants We receive incentives from federal, state and local governments in different regions of the world that primarily encourage us to establish, maintain, or increase investment, employment, or production in the region. We are also entitled to certain advanced manufacturing production credits under the IRA. The benefit from both refundable and nonrefundable advanced manufacturing production credits are not accounted for or classified as an income tax credit. We account for government incentives as a reduction of expense, a reduction of the cost of the capital investment or other income based on the substance of the incentive received. Benefits are generally recorded when there is reasonable assurance of receipt or, as it relates to advance manufacturing production credits, upon the generation of the credit. Amounts are recorded in earnings as the expenses in which the incentive is meant to offset are incurred, as we meet the conditions of the grant or as the capital investment is depreciated or, as it relates to advance manufacturing production credits, upon generation of the credit. At December 31, 2023, cash incentives in Cash and cash equivalents was $717 million, cash incentives receivable in Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance was $190 million, cash incentives credited to Property, net was $480 million, cash incentives receivable in Other assets was $269 million and deferred incentive income in Other liabilities was $341 million. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized $251 million in Automotive and other cost of sales associated with incentives. Current agreements expire at various dates through 2031 and we consider the risk that any amounts recognized will be returned to be remote. Pension and OPEB Plans Attribution, Methods and Assumptions The cost of benefits provided by defined benefit pension plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of pension plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the duration of the applicable collective bargaining agreement specific to the plan, the expected future working lifetime or the life expectancy of the plan participants. The cost of medical, dental, legal service and life insurance benefits provided through postretirement benefit plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of postretirement plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the average period to full eligibility or the average life expectancy of the plan participants. An expected return on plan asset methodology is utilized to calculate future pension expense for certain significant funded benefit plans. A market-related value of plan assets methodology is also utilized that averages gains and losses on the plan assets over a period of years to determine future pension expense. The methodology recognizes 60% of the difference between the fair value of assets and the expected calculated value in the first year and 10% of that difference over each of the next four years. The discount rate assumption is established for each of the retirement-related benefit plans at their respective measurement dates. In the U.S., we use a cash flow matching approach that uses projected cash flows matched to spot rates along a high-quality corporate bond yield curve to determine the present value of cash flows to calculate a single equivalent discount rate. We apply individual annual yield curve rates to determine the service cost and interest cost for our pension and OPEB plans to more specifically link the cash flows related to service cost and interest cost to bonds maturing in their year of payment. The benefit obligation for pension plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany represents 90% of the non-U.S. pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2023. The discount rates for plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany are determined using a cash flow matching approach like the U.S. Plan Asset Valuation Due to the lack of timely available market information for certain investments in the asset classes described below as well as the inherent uncertainty of valuation, reported fair values may differ from fair values that would have been used had timely available market information been available. Common and Preferred Stock Common and preferred stock for which market prices are readily available at the measurement date are valued at the last reported sale price or official closing price on the primary market or exchange on which they are actively traded and are classified in Level 1. Such equity securities for which the market is not considered to be active are valued via the use of observable inputs, which may include the use of adjusted market prices last available, bids or last available sales prices and/or other observable inputs and are classified in Level 2. Common and preferred stock classified in Level 3 are privately issued securities or other issues that are valued via the use of valuation models using significant unobservable inputs that generally consider aged (stale) pricing, earnings multiples, discounted cash flows and/or other qualitative and quantitative factors. Debt Securities Valuations for debt securities are based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Debt securities priced via pricing services that utilize matrix pricing which considers readily observable inputs such as the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type as well as dealer supplied prices, are classified in Level 2. Debt securities that are typically priced by dealers and pricing services via the use of proprietary pricing models which incorporate significant unobservable inputs are classified in Level 3. These inputs primarily consist of yield and credit spread assumptions, discount rates, prepayment curves, default assumptions and recovery rates. Investment Funds, Private Equity and Debt Investments and Real Estate Investments Investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments are valued based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) per Share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient to estimate fair value due to the absence of readily available market prices. NAVs are provided by the respective investment sponsors or investment advisers and are subsequently reviewed and approved by management. In the event management concludes a reported NAV does not reflect fair value or is not determined as of the financial reporting measurement date, we will consider whether and when deemed necessary to make an adjustment at the balance sheet date. In determining whether an adjustment to the external valuation is required, we will review material factors that could affect the valuation, such as changes in the composition or performance of the underlying investments or comparable investments, overall market conditions, expected sale prices for private investments which are probable of being sold in the short-term and other economic factors that may possibly have a favorable or unfavorable effect on the reported external valuation. Stock Incentive Plans Our stock incentive plans include RSUs, PSUs, stock options and awards that may be settled in our stock, the stock of our subsidiaries or in cash. We measure and record compensation expense based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock on the date of grant for RSUs and PSUs and the grant date fair value, determined utilizing the Black-Scholes formula or a lattice model, for stock options and PSUs. We record compensation cost for service-based RSUs, PSUs and service-based stock options on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period, or for retirement eligible employees over the requisite service period. In March 2022, all outstanding RSUs that settle in Cruise's common stock were modified to remove the liquidity vesting condition. Prospectively, RSUs that will settle in Cruise's common stock will vest solely upon satisfaction of a service condition. Compensation cost for awards that do not have an established accounting grant date, but for which the service inception date has been established, or are settled in cash is based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock at the end of each reporting period. Compensation cost is also recorded on stock issued to settle awards based on the fair value of Cruise's common stock until such time that the stock has been issued for more than six months. Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns The estimated costs related to product warranties are accrued at the time products are sold and are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of claims of each vehicle line or each model year of the vehicle line and assumptions about future activity and events. Revisions are made when necessary and are based on changes in these factors. The estimated costs related to recall campaigns are accrued when probable and estimable. In GMNA, we estimate the costs related to recall campaigns by applying a paid loss approach that considers the number of historical recall campaigns and the estimated cost for each recall campaign. The estimated costs associated with recall campaigns in other geographical regions are determined using the estimated costs of repairs and the estimated number of vehicles to be repaired. Costs associated with recall campaigns are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. Revisions are made when necessary based on changes in these factors. Income Taxes The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recorded in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date under the law. We record Global Intangible Low Tax Income (GILTI) as a current period expense when incurred. Income tax effects are released from Accumulated other comprehensive loss using the specific-identification method. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. Deferred income tax assets are evaluated quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years. We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not criteria, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense. Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency as their functional currency are translated to U.S. Dollars based on the current exchange rate prevailing at each balance sheet date and any resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose local currency is not their functional currency are remeasured from their local currency to their functional currency and then translated to U.S. Dollars. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars using the average exchange rates prevailing for each period presented. The financial statements of any foreign subsidiary that has been identified as having a highly inflationary economy are remeasured as if the functional currency were the U.S. Dollar. Gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions and the effects of remeasurements discussed in the preceding paragraph are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses unless related to Automotive debt, which are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Foreign currency transactions and remeasurements in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were losses of $349 million, losses of $172 million and insignificant gains. Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of each derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as an accounting hedge, as well as the type of hedging relationship identified. Cash flows for all derivative financial instruments are typically classified in cash flows from operating activities. Derivative instruments are not used for trading or speculative purposes. Automotive We utilize options, swaps and forward contracts to manage foreign currency, commodity price and interest rate risks. The change in the fair value of option, swap and forward contracts not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Certain foreign currency and commodity forward contracts have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The risks being hedged are foreign currency and commodity price risks related to forecasted transactions. The change in the fair value of these forward contracts is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue or Automotive and other cost of sales when the hedged transaction impacts earnings. Forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at inception and throughout the hedge period. Certain receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swap agreements have been designated and qualify as fair value hedges of our fixed-rate debt. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate. The changes in both the fair value of the hedged debt and the hedging instrument are recorded in Automotive interest expense. When a fair value hedge is de-designated, or when the derivative is terminated prior to maturity, the fair value adjustment to the hedged debt continues to be reported as part of the carrying value of the debt and is recognized in Automotive interest expense over its remaining life. Automotive Financing - GM Financial GM Financial utilizes interest rate derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency derivative instruments to manage foreign currency risk. The change in fair value of the derivative instruments not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as fair value hedges. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate or the risk of changes in fair value attributable to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If the swap has been designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the hedged item are recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. The change in fair value of the related hedge is also recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate swap and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is the interest rate and foreign currency risk related to forecasted transactions. If the contract has been designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the cash flow hedge is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses along with the earnings effect of the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded currently in earnings and are presented in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

Revenue - Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Revenue - Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	$ 157,658	$ 143,975	$ 113,590
Leased vehicle income	7,266	7,811	9,026
Finance charge income	6,187	4,519	4,103
Other income	732	431	285
GM Financial net sales and revenue	14,184	12,760	13,414
Net sales and revenue	171,842	156,735	127,004
Operating Segments \| Cruise
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	102	102	106
Net sales and revenue	102	102	106
Operating Segments \| GM Financial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Leased vehicle income	7,266	7,811	9,026
Finance charge income	6,204	4,521	4,103
Other income	754	435	290
GM Financial net sales and revenue	14,225	12,766	13,419
Net sales and revenue	14,225	12,766	13,419
Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	(110)	(101)	(100)
Leased vehicle income	0	0	0
Finance charge income	(18)	(2)	0
Other income	(23)	(4)	(5)
GM Financial net sales and revenue	(41)	(6)	(5)
Net sales and revenue	(151)	(107)	(105)
Automotive
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	157,658	143,975	113,590
Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	157,667	143,974	113,584
Net sales and revenue	157,667	143,974	113,584
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	141,445	128,378	101,308
Net sales and revenue	141,445	128,378	101,308
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	15,949	15,420	12,172
Net sales and revenue	15,949	15,420	12,172
Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	273	177	104
Net sales and revenue	273	177	104
Vehicle, parts and accessories
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	151,510	138,692	108,485
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	(10)	0	0
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	151,520	138,692	108,485
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	136,983	124,657	97,515
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	14,424	13,993	10,956
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	113	42	14
Used vehicles
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	991	516	594
Used vehicles \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	0	0	0
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	991	516	594
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	954	483	545
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	37	33	49
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	0	0	0
Services and other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	5,157	4,766	4,511
Services and other \| Operating Segments \| Cruise
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	102	102	106
Services and other \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	(100)	(101)	(100)
Services and other \| Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	5,155	4,765	4,505
Services and other \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	3,508	3,238	3,248
Services and other \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	1,487	1,393	1,167
Services and other \| Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	$ 160	$ 134	$ 90

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters In the normal course of our business, we are named from time to time as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation. We identify below the material individual proceedings and investigations where we believe a material loss is reasonably possible or probable. We accrue for matters when we believe that losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had accruals of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities. In many matters, it is inherently difficult to determine whether a loss is probable or reasonably possible or to estimate the size or range of the possible loss. Some matters may involve compensatory, punitive or other treble damage claims, environmental remediation programs or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that cannot be reasonably estimated. Accordingly, while we believe that appropriate accruals have been established for losses that are probable and can be reasonably estimated, it is possible that adverse outcomes from such proceedings could exceed the amounts accrued by an amount that could be material to our results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period. GM Korea Subcontract Workers Litigation GM Korea Company (GM Korea) is party to litigation with current and former subcontract workers over allegations that they are entitled to the same wages and benefits provided to full-time employees, and to be hired as full-time employees. In May 2018 and September 2020, the Korean labor authorities issued adverse administrative orders finding that GM Korea must hire certain current subcontract workers as full-time employees. GM Korea appealed the May 2018 and September 2020 orders. Since June 2020, the Seoul High Court (an intermediate-level appellate court) ruled against GM Korea in eight subcontract worker claims. Although GM Korea has appealed these decisions to the Korea Supreme Court, GM Korea has since hired certain of its subcontract workers as full-time employees. At December 31, 2023, our accrual covering certain asserted claims and claims that we believe are probable of assertion and for which liability is probable was approximately $147 million. We estimate the reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued for other current subcontract workers who may assert similar claims to be approximately $86 million at December 31, 2023. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from additional claims that may be asserted by former subcontract workers. Other Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters Various other legal actions, including class actions, governmental investigations, claims and proceedings are pending against us or our related companies or joint ventures, including, but not limited to, matters arising out of alleged product defects; employment-related matters; product and workplace safety, vehicle emissions and fuel economy regulations; product warranties; financial services; dealer, supplier and other contractual relationships; competition issues; tax-related matters not subject to the provision of Accounting Standards Codification 740, "Income Taxes" (indirect tax-related matters); product design, manufacture and performance; consumer protection laws; and environmental protection laws, including laws regulating air emissions, water discharges, waste management and environmental remediation from stationary sources. We also from time to time receive subpoenas and other inquiries or requests for information from agencies or other representatives of U.S. federal, state and foreign governments on a variety of issues. There are several putative class actions pending against GM in the U.S. and Canada alleging that various vehicles sold, including model year 2011–2016 Duramax Diesel Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra vehicles, violate federal, state and foreign emission standards. In July 2023, the putative class actions pending in the U.S. were dismissed with prejudice and judgment entered in favor of GM, and plaintiffs appealed the dismissal. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from these actions. GM has also faced a series of additional lawsuits in the U.S. based on these allegations, including a shareholder demand lawsuit that remains pending. There are several putative class actions and two certified class actions pending against GM in the U.S. alleging that various 2011–2014 model year vehicles are defective because they excessively consume oil. While many of these proceedings have been dismissed or have been settled for insignificant amounts, several remain outstanding, and in October 2022, we received an adverse jury verdict in a certified class action proceeding involving three states. We do not believe that the verdict is supported by the evidence and plan to appeal. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from the putative class action proceedings and have previously accrued an immaterial amount related to one of the certified class action proceedings. There is one putative class action and one certified class action pending against GM in the U.S. alleging that various 2015–2022 model year vehicles are defective because they are equipped with faulty 8-speed transmissions. In March 2023, the judge overseeing the class action concerning 2015–2019 model year vehicles certified 26 state subclasses. The Sixth Circuit has agreed to hear our appeal of this class certification order. The putative class action concerning 2020–2022 model year vehicles is pending in front of a different judge that has not yet addressed class certification. We have similar cases pending in Canada concerning these vehicles. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we accrued an insignificant amount in connection with these matters. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible or probable material loss or range of loss that may result from these proceedings in excess of amounts accrued. There is a class action pending against GM in the U.S., and a putative class action in Canada, alleging that 2011–2016 model year Duramax Diesel Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra vehicles are equipped with defective fuel pumps that are prone to failure. In March 2023, the U.S. court certified seven state subclasses. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we accrued an insignificant amount in connection with these matters. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible or probable material loss or range of loss that may result from these proceedings in excess of amounts accrued. Beyond the class action litigations disclosed, we have several other class action litigations pending at any given time. Historically, relatively few classes have been certified in these types of cases. Therefore, we will generally only disclose specific class actions if a class is certified and we believe there is a reasonably possible material exposure to the Company. We are currently in discussions with the EPA and other regulators regarding potential adjustments to certain prior year GHG and CAFE accounting balances. Based on progress made in these discussions, in the year ended December 31, 2023, we accrued $289 million. Through December 31, 2023, the total costs expensed in connection with these matters were $450 million, which represents our current best estimate of the probable loss related to these matters. We are currently unable to provide an estimate of any loss in excess of amounts incurred, but such loss may be material. Indirect tax-related matters are being evaluated globally pertaining to value added taxes, customs, duties, sales tax, property taxes and other non-income tax-related tax exposures. Certain administrative proceedings are indirect tax-related and may require that we deposit funds in escrow or provide an alternative form of security. For indirect tax-related matters, we estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued to be up to approximately $1.9 billion at December 31, 2023. Takata Matters In November 2020, NHTSA directed that we replace the Takata Corporation (Takata) airbag inflators in our GMT900 vehicles, which are full-size pickup trucks and SUVs, and we decided not to contest NHTSA's decision. While we have already begun the process of executing the recall, given the number of vehicles in this population, the recall will take several years to be completed. Accordingly, in the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a warranty accrual of $1.1 billion for the expected costs of complying with the recall remedy. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we reduced our accrual by an insignificant amount based on the actual costs incurred to-date. At December 31, 2023, our remaining accrual for these matters was $609 million, and we believe the currently accrued amount remains reasonable. GM has recalled certain vehicles sold outside of the U.S. to replace Takata inflators in those vehicles. There are significant differences in vehicle and inflator design between the relevant vehicles sold internationally and those sold in the U.S. We continue to gather and analyze evidence about these inflators and to share our findings with regulators. Any additional recalls relating to these inflators could be material to our results of operations and cash flows. There are several putative class actions that have been filed against GM, including in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, arising out of allegations that airbag inflators manufactured by Takata are defective. In March 2023, a U.S. court overseeing one of the putative class actions issued a final judgment in favor of GM on all claims in eight states at issue in that proceeding. Plaintiffs have appealed this decision. In August 2023, the U.S. court granted class certification as to a Louisiana claim, but denied certification as to seven other states. At this stage of these proceedings, we are unable to provide an estimate of the amounts or range of reasonably possible material loss. ARC Matters In May 2023, we initiated a voluntary recall covering nearly one million 2014–2017 model year Buick Enclave, Chevrolet Traverse and GMC Acadia SUVs equipped with driver front airbag inflators manufactured by ARC Automotive, Inc. (ARC), and accrued an insignificant amount for the expected costs of the recall. As part of its ongoing investigation into ARC airbag inflators, on September 5, 2023, NHTSA issued an initial decision that approximately 52 million frontal driver and passenger airbag inflators manufactured by ARC and Delphi Automotive Systems LLC over a roughly 20-year period contain a safety-related defect and must be recalled. NHTSA’s initial decision is based on the occurrence of seven field ruptures involving ARC-manufactured frontal airbag inflators. We are continuing to investigate the cause of the ruptures in GM vehicles in connection with our existing recalls. The administrative record for NHTSA’s investigation closed on December 18, 2023, and we are waiting for NHTSA to issue its final decision. As indicated in GM's filed comment in the record, we do not believe that further GM vehicle recalls are necessary or appropriate at this time. However, depending on the outcome of the dispute between NHTSA and ARC, and the possibility of additional recalls, the cost of which may not be fully recoverable, it is reasonably possible that the costs associated with these matters in excess of amounts accrued could be material, but we are unable to provide an estimate of the amounts or range of reasonably possible material loss at this time. There are several putative class actions that have been filed against GM, including in the U.S., Canada and Israel, arising out of allegations that airbag inflators manufactured by ARC are defective. At this stage of these proceedings, we are unable to provide an estimate of the amounts or range of reasonably possible material loss. Chevrolet Bolt Recall In July 2021, we initiated a voluntary recall for certain 2017–2019 model year Chevrolet Bolt EVs due to the risk that two manufacturing defects present in the same battery cell could cause a high voltage battery fire in certain of these vehicles. After further investigation into the manufacturing processes at our battery supplier, LG Energy Solution (LGES), and disassembling battery packs, we determined that the risk of battery cell defects was not confined to the initial recall population. As a result, in August 2021, we expanded the recall to include all 2017–2022 model year Chevrolet Bolt EV and Chevrolet Bolt Electric Utility Vehicles (EUVs). LG Electronics, Inc. (LGE) and LGES (collectively, LG), have agreed to reimburse GM for certain costs and expenses associated with the recall. The commercial negotiations with LG also resolved other commercial matters associated with our Ultium Cells Holdings LLC joint venture with LGES. Accordingly, through December 31, 2023, we have accrued a total of $2.6 billion and recognized receivables totaling $1.6 billion in connection with these matters. At December 31, 2023, our remaining accrual for these matters was $0.6 billion. These charges reflect our current best estimate for the cost of the recall remedy, which includes non-traditional recall remedies provided by GM to enhance customer satisfaction. The actual costs of the recall could be materially higher or lower. In addition, putative class actions have been filed against GM in the U.S. and Canada alleging that the batteries contained in the Bolt EVs and EUVs included in the recall population are defective. GM has reached an agreement in principle to settle the U.S. class actions for an immaterial amount. Opel/Vauxhall Sale In 2017, we sold the Opel/Vauxhall Business to PSA Group (now Stellantis) under a Master Agreement (the Agreement). We also sold the European financing subsidiaries and branches to Banque PSA Finance S.A. and BNP Paribas Personal Finance S.A. Although the sale reduced our new vehicle presence in Europe, we may still be impacted by actions taken by regulators related to vehicles sold before the sale. General Motors Holdings LLC agreed, on behalf of our wholly owned subsidiary (the Seller), to indemnify Stellantis for certain losses resulting from any inaccuracy of the representations and warranties or breaches of our covenants included in the Agreement and for certain other liabilities, including costs related to certain emissions claims, product liabilities and recalls. We are unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from these actions either directly or through an indemnification claim from Stellantis. Certain of these indemnification obligations are subject to time limitations, thresholds and/or caps as to the amount of required payments. Currently, various consumer lawsuits have been filed against the Seller and Stellantis in Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands alleging that Opel and Vauxhall vehicles sold by the Seller violated applicable emissions standards. In addition, we indemnified Stellantis for an immaterial amount for certain recalls that Stellantis has conducted or will conduct, including recalls in certain geographic locations that Stellantis intends to conduct related to Takata inflators in legacy Opel vehicles. We may in the future be required to further indemnify Stellantis relating to its Takata recalls, but we believe such further indemnification to be remote at this time. Product Liability We recorded liabilities of $615 million and $561 million in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022, for the expected cost of all known product liability claims, plus an estimate of the expected cost for product liability claims that have already been incurred and are expected to be filed in the future for which we are self-insured. It is reasonably possible that our accruals for product liability claims may increase in future periods in material amounts, although we cannot estimate a reasonable range of incremental loss based on currently available information. We believe that any judgment against us involving our products for actual damages will be adequately covered by our recorded accruals and, where applicable, excess liability insurance coverage. Guarantees We enter into indemnification agreements for liability claims involving products manufactured primarily by certain joint ventures. These guarantees terminate in years ranging from 2024 to 2028, or upon the occurrence of specific events or are ongoing. We believe that the related potential costs incurred are adequately covered by our recorded accruals, which are insignificant. The maximum future undiscounted payments mainly based on royalties received associated with vehicles sold to date were $3.5 billion and $3.1 billion for these guarantees at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the majority of which relates to the indemnification agreements. We provide payment guarantees on commercial loans outstanding with third parties such as dealers. In some instances, certain assets of the party or our payables to the party whose debt or performance we have guaranteed may offset, to some degree, the amount of any potential future payments. We are also exposed to residual value guarantees associated with certain sales to rental car companies. We periodically enter into agreements that incorporate indemnification provisions in the normal course of business. It is not possible to estimate our maximum exposure under these indemnifications or guarantees due to the conditional nature of these obligations. Insignificant amounts have been recorded for such obligations as the majority of them are not probable or estimable at this time and the fair value of the guarantees at issuance was insignificant. Refer to the Opel/Vauxhall Sale section of this note for additional information on our indemnification obligations to Stellantis under the Agreement. Credit Cards Credit card programs offer rebates that can be applied primarily against the purchase or lease of our vehicles. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our redemption liability was insignificant, our deferred revenue was $384 million and $353 million, and qualified cardholders had rebates available, net of deferred program revenue, of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion. Our redemption liability and deferred revenue are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities. Supplier Finance Programs Third-party finance providers offer certain suppliers the option for payment in advance of their invoice due date through financing programs that we established. We retain our obligation to the participating suppliers, and we make payments directly to the third-party finance providers on the original invoice due date pursuant to the original invoice terms. There are no assets pledged as security or other forms of guarantees provided for committed payments. Our outstanding eligible balances under our supplier finance programs were $1.3 billion and $852 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are recorded in Accounts payable (principally trade).

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Assets and Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$ 32,236	$ 33,086
Plan assets measured at net asset value	11,162	12,551
Other plan assets (liabilities), net	(1,111)	(736)
Net plan assets	42,287	44,901	$ 59,921
U.S. \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	850	1,225
U.S. \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	9,822	9,606
U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	20,960	21,816
U.S. \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	604	439
U.S. \| Investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	5,322	5,124
U.S. \| Private equity and debt investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	2,864	3,936
U.S. \| Real estate investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	2,976	3,491
U.S. \| Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	1,395	1,347
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	850	1,222
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	545	125
U.S. \| Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	30,510	31,482
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	9,822	9,606
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	20,957	21,816
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	(269)	60
U.S. \| Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	331	257
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	3
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	3	0
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	328	254
Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	5,199	4,937
Plan assets measured at net asset value	4,477	4,485
Other plan assets (liabilities), net	143	108
Net plan assets	9,819	9,530	$ 13,521
Non-U.S. \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	160	143
Non-U.S. \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,310	2,185
Non-U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,745	2,571
Non-U.S. \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	(16)	38
Non-U.S. \| Investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	3,265	3,124
Non-U.S. \| Private equity and debt investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	431	483
Non-U.S. \| Real estate investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	781	878
Non-U.S. \| Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	156	167
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	160	143
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	(4)	24
Non-U.S. \| Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	4,993	4,685
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,310	2,185
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,738	2,570
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	(55)	(70)
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Canadian repurchase agreements
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	137	150
Non-U.S. \| Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	50	85
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	7	1
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$ 43	$ 84

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Intangible Assets


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property	$	749	$	517	$	231	$	767	$	564	$	203
Brands	4,293		1,768		2,526		4,294		1,658		2,636
Dealer network, customer relationships and other	968		784		184		960		765		195
Total intangible assets	$	6,010	$	3,069	$	2,941	$	6,021	$	2,987	$	3,034

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Credit Risk Profile by FICO Score (Details) - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 86,463	$ 76,310
Retail Finance Receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	30,253	29,090
2022	20,259	18,745
2021	12,670	11,081
2020	6,842	3,992
2019	2,000	1,824
Prior	707	589
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 72,729	$ 65,322
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Finance Receivables \| Prime – FICO score 680 and greater
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	$ 23,940	$ 22,677
2022	15,581	13,399
2021	9,039	7,991
2020	4,926	2,254
2019	1,076	1,019
Prior	320	205
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 54,882	$ 47,543
Percent	75.50%	72.80%
Retail Finance Receivables \| Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	$ 3,234	$ 3,202
2022	2,281	2,601
2021	1,746	1,487
2020	906	688
2019	350	310
Prior	129	104
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 8,647	$ 8,392
Percent	11.90%	12.80%
Retail Finance Receivables \| Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	$ 3,079	$ 3,211
2022	2,397	2,746
2021	1,884	1,604
2020	1,010	1,051
2019	573	496
Prior	257	280
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 9,200	$ 9,388
Percent	12.60%	14.40%

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2024	$ 365
2025	361
2026	357
2027	353
2028	350
2029–2033	1,699
U.S. \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2024	4,405
2025	4,213
2026	4,110
2027	3,995
2028	3,846
2029–2033	16,966
Non-U.S. \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2024	1,071
2025	955
2026	929
2027	909
2028	892
2029–2033	$ 4,225

Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]

Schedule of Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease

Equipment on operating leases primarily consists of leases to retail customers of GM Financial.


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment on operating leases	$	37,921	$	40,919
Less: accumulated depreciation	(7,338)		(8,218)
Equipment on operating leases, net	$	30,582	$	32,701

GM Financial

Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]

Schedule of Future Rental Payments Receivable for Operating Leases

The following table summarizes lease payments due to GM Financial on leases to retail customers:


	Years Ending December 31,
	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
Lease receipts under operating leases	$	4,817	$	3,117	$	1,265	$	132	$	3	$	—	$	9,334

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

GM Financial

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Retail		Commercial(a)		Total		Retail		Commercial(a)		Total
GM Financial receivables	$	72,729	$	13,734	$	86,463	$	65,322	$	10,988	$	76,310
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,308)		(36)		(2,344)		(2,062)		(34)		(2,096)
GM Financial receivables, net	$	70,421	$	13,698	$	84,119	$	63,260	$	10,954	$	74,214

Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 2 inputs					$	13,698					$	10,954
Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 3 inputs					$	70,911					$	62,150

__________

(a)Commercial finance receivables include dealer financing of $13.3 billion and $10.6 billion, and other financing of $476 million and $362 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Commercial finance receivables are presented net of dealer cash management balances of $2.6 billion and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Under the cash management program, subject to certain conditions, a dealer may choose to reduce the amount of interest on its floorplan line by making principal payments to GM Financial in advance.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	2,096	$	1,886	$	1,978

Provision for loan losses	826		654		248
Charge-offs	(1,423)		(1,138)		(897)
Recoveries	768		686		574
Effect of foreign currency	76		9		(17)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	2,344	$	2,096	$	1,886

The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of finance receivables was 2.7% at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Retail Finance Receivables GM Financial's retail finance receivable portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the retail finance receivables portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	23,940	$	15,581	$	9,039	$	4,926	$	1,076	$	320	$	54,882	75.5	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,234		2,281		1,746		906		350		129		8,647		11.9	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	3,079		2,397		1,884		1,010		573		257		9,200		12.6	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707	$	72,729	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	22,677	$	13,399	$	7,991	$	2,254	$	1,019	$	205	$	47,543	72.8	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,202		2,601		1,487		688		310		104		8,392		12.8	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	3,211		2,746		1,604		1,051		496		280		9,388		14.4	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589	$	65,322	100.0	%

GM Financial reviews the ongoing credit quality of retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. A retail account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date the payment was contractually due. Retail finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and, subject to local laws, GM Financial generally has the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the customer defaults on the payment terms of the contract. The accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on delinquent retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $809 million and $685 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the delinquency status of the outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	29,816	$	19,602	$	12,098	$	6,533	$	1,825	$	599		$	70,472	96.9	%
31-to-60 days	318		470		415		227		130		78			1,637		2.3	%
Greater-than-60 days	102		168		142		76		42		29			559		0.8	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	421		637		557		302		172		107			2,196		3.0	%
In repossession	17		20		14		6		3		1			61		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	437		657		572		308		175		108			2,257		3.1	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707		$	72,729	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	28,676	$	18,128	$	10,702	$	3,743	$	1,685	$	493		$	63,426	97.1	%
31-to-60 days	310		452		275		184		103		69			1,393		2.1	%
Greater-than-60 days	93		150		98		62		35		26			465		0.7	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	403		603		373		246		138		95			1,857		2.8	%
In repossession	11		14		6		4		2		1			39		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	414		617		380		249		140		96			1,896		2.9	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589		$	65,322	100.0	%

Commercial Finance Receivables GM Financial's commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financing, primarily for dealer inventory purchases, and other financing, which includes loans to commercial vehicle upfitters. For dealer financing, proprietary models are used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. GM Financial performs periodic credit reviews of each dealership and adjusts the dealership's risk rating, if necessary. The credit risk associated with other financing is limited due to the structure of the business relationships.

GM Financial's dealer risk model and risk rating categories are as follows:


Rating						Description
I						Performing accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
II						Performing accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
III						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IV						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection of liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.

Dealers with III and IV risk ratings are subject to additional monitoring and restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The following tables summarize the dealer credit risk profile by dealer risk rating at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2023
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	11,513	$	279	$	403	$	297	$	301	$	75	$	11		$	12,879	97.1	%
II	182		—		2		2		—		—		—			187		1.4	%
III	152		1		15		12		—		11		—			192		1.4	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Balance at end of period	$	11,846	$	281	$	421	$	311	$	301	$	86	$	11		$	13,257	100.0	%

__________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 99.7% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2022
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	9,130	$	438	$	356	$	360	$	91	$	38	$	18		$	10,431	98.2	%
II	89		—		1		—		—		—		—			91		0.9	%
III	78		15		—		—		10		—		—			104		1.0	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Balance at end of period	$	9,297	$	453	$	357	$	360	$	102	$	38	$	18		$	10,625	100.0	%

__________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 99.0% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.

There were no commercial finance receivables on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Transactions with GM Financial The following tables show transactions between our Automotive segments and GM Financial. These amounts are presented in GM Financial's consolidated balance sheets and statements of income.


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)
Commercial finance receivables, net due from GM consolidated dealers	$	164	$	187
Receivables due from Cruise	$	353	$	113
Subvention receivable(b)	$	508	$	469
Commercial loan funding payable	$	55	$	105


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Consolidated Statements of Income
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	$	1,234	$	984	$	820
Leased vehicle subvention earned	$	1,537	$	1,916	$	2,702

__________

(a)All balance sheet amounts are eliminated upon consolidation.

(b)Our Automotive segments made cash payments to GM Financial for subvention of $3.5 billion, $2.4 billion and $3.3 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

GM Financial's Board of Directors declared and paid dividends of $1.8 billion, $1.7 billion and $3.5 billion on its common stock in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Intercompany Transactions (Details) - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable	$ 84,119	$ 74,214
Common stock dividends declared and paid	1,800	1,700	$ 3,500
Commercial Portfolio Segment
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable	13,698	10,954
Retail Finance Receivables
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable	70,421	63,260
Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Subvention receivable	508	469
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	1,234	984	820
Leased vehicle subvention earned	1,537	1,916	2,702
Cash payments to GM Financial	3,500	2,400	$ 3,300
Eliminations/ Reclassifications \| Cruise
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable	353	113
Eliminations/ Reclassifications \| Commercial Portfolio Segment
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable	164	187
Commercial loan funding payable	$ 55	$ 105

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

GM Financial | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to GM Financial's consolidated VIEs:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Restricted cash – current	$	2,398	$	2,176
Restricted cash – non-current	$	367	$	360
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	$	22,990	$	19,896
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	$	23,535	$	18,748
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	$	15,794	$	18,456
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	22,088	$	21,643
GM Financial long-term debt	$	23,210	$	20,545

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract liabilities	$ 5,000	$ 3,300
Deferred revenue recognized	1,400	$ 1,300
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 1,800
Performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 1,400
Performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 1,900
Performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
U.S. income (loss)	$	6,388	$	9,454	$	9,513
Non-U.S. income (loss)	3,535		1,306		1,902
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	$	9,924	$	10,760	$	11,415

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	$	240	$	389	$	20
U.S. state and local	490		368		142
Non-U.S.	874		707		395
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	1,605		1,464		557
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	(120)		263		1,699
U.S. state and local	(43)		109		229
Non-U.S.	(878)		53		286
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(1,041)		425		2,214
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	563	$	1,888	$	2,771

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$	2,084	$	2,260	$	2,397
State and local tax expense (benefit)	348		388		301
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	203		32		36
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities	(62)		5		129
Change in valuation allowances	(1,061)		(392)		665
Change in tax laws	25		78		(93)
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(966)		(829)		(492)

Settlements of prior year tax matters	23		—		11
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	—		209		(295)
Foreign currency remeasurement	(62)		36		28
Other adjustments	31		102		84
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	563	$	1,888	$	2,771

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	1,119	$	1,120
Pension and other employee benefit plans	1,522		997
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	3,684		4,341

U.S. capitalized research expenditures	9,879		8,851
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a)	6,033		5,861
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b)	6,204		6,296
Miscellaneous	5,121		2,773
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	33,562		30,240
Less: valuation allowances	(6,979)		(7,744)
Total deferred tax assets	26,583		22,495
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	4,233		1,957
Intangible assets	699		707
Total deferred tax liabilities	4,932		2,664
Net deferred tax assets	$	21,651	$	19,832

__________

(a) At December 31, 2023, U.S. operating loss deferred tax assets were $404 million, where $129 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $275 million will expire by 2041, if not utilized. At December 31, 2023, U.S. tax credit carryforwards were $5.6 billion, where $405 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $5.2 billion will expire by 2043, if not utilized.

(b) At December 31, 2023, Non-U.S. operating loss deferred tax assets were $6.1 billion, where $5.2 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $876 million will expire by 2039 if not utilized. At December 31, 2023, Non-U.S. tax credit carryforwards were $135 million, where $109 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $26 million will expire by 2042, if not utilized.

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	520	$	634	$	1,086
Additions to current year tax positions	45		12		22
Additions to prior years' tax positions	72		14		46
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(15)		(98)		(473)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(19)		(20)		(17)
Settlements	(18)		(10)		(26)
Other	—		(12)		(4)
Balance at end of period	$	585	$	520	$	634

Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	Dec. 31, 2023
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation General Motors Company was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 2009. We design, build and sell trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts and provide software-enabled services and subscriptions worldwide. Additionally, we are investing in and growing an AV business. We also provide automotive financing services through GM Financial. We analyze the results of our operations through the following segments: GMNA, GMI, Cruise and GM Financial. Cruise is our global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of AV technology. Corporate includes certain centrally recorded income and costs such as interest, income taxes, corporate expenditures and certain revenues and expenses that are not part of a reportable segment. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Except for per share amounts or as otherwise specified, amounts presented within tables are stated in millions. Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding. Principles of Consolidation We consolidate entities that we control due to ownership of a majority voting interest and we consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) when we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Our share of earnings or losses of nonconsolidated affiliates is included in our consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting when we are able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements Accounting estimates are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates require the use of judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods. GM Financial The amounts presented for GM Financial are adjusted to reflect the impact on GM Financial's deferred tax positions and provision for income taxes resulting from the inclusion of GM Financial in our consolidated tax return and to eliminate the effect of transactions between GM Financial and the other members of the consolidated group. Accordingly, the amounts presented will differ from those presented by GM Financial on a stand-alone basis.

Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Fair Value Hedging Instruments

The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)		Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)
Short-term unsecured debt	$	3,508	$	(8)	$	3,048	$	2
Long-term unsecured debt	30,043		1,037		25,271		779
GM Financial unsecured debt	$	33,551	$	1,029	$	28,319	$	781

__________

(a)Includes $872 million and an insignificant amount of unamortized losses remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

GM Financial

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Notional Amounts for Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the gross fair value amounts of GM Financial's derivative financial instruments and the associated notional amounts:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedges(a)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	$	18,379	$	75	$	238	$	19,950	$	—	$	821

Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	2,381		17		16		1,434		34		1
Foreign currency swaps(b)	2	8,003		144		311		6,852		—		586
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Interest rate contracts	2	134,683		1,573		1,997		113,975		2,268		1,984

Total derivative financial instruments(c)		$	163,446	$	1,809	$	2,563	$	142,212	$	2,302	$	3,392

__________

(a)The gains/losses included in our consolidated income statements and statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were insignificant, unless otherwise noted. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net receivable position are included in Other assets. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net payable position are included in Other liabilities.

(b)The effect of foreign currency cash flow hedges in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income include gains of $139 million, losses of $529 million and losses of $352 million recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and gains of $92 million, losses of $578 million and losses of $409 million reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(c)GM Financial held $457 million and $553 million of collateral from counterparties available for netting against GM Financial's asset positions, and posted $1.2 billion and $1.5 billion of collateral to counterparties available for netting against GM Financial's liability positions at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,900	$ 1,900
GM Financial
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	1,300	1,300
Cruise
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 573	$ 571

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-2

+ Details

Segment Reporting - Revenues and long-lived assets by geographic region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	$ 14,184	$ 12,760	$ 13,414
Net Sales and Revenue	171,842	156,735	127,004
Long-lived assets	$ 80,903	$ 77,950	$ 79,044
MEXICO \| Assets, Total \| Geographic Concentration Risk
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	12.00%	11.00%	10.00%
Automotive \| U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	$ 127,472	$ 116,798	$ 92,771
Long-lived assets	34,142	30,201	27,192
Automotive \| Non-U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	30,186	27,177	20,819
Long-lived assets	16,054	14,907	13,771
GM Financial
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	14,184	12,760	13,414
GM Financial \| U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	12,133	11,035	11,712
Long-lived assets	27,397	29,411	34,452
GM Financial \| Non-U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	2,051	1,725	1,702
Long-lived assets	$ 3,309	$ 3,431	$ 3,629

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) numberOfJointVenture	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income (loss)(b)	$ 773	$ 837	$ 1,301
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	10,613	10,176	9,677
Basis Difference	$ 4,200	4,300
Number of joint ventures engaged in production, import and sale of products \| numberOfJointVenture	4
SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Number of interests in other joint ventures \| numberOfJointVenture	3
Automotive China
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income (loss)(b)	$ 446	677	1,098
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	6,373	6,714
Ultium Cells Holdings LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income (loss)(b)	293
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	2,268	1,463
Other joint ventures
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income (loss)(b)	327	159	$ 203
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$ 1,972	$ 1,998
SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%	50.00%
SGM \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
PATAC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%	50.00%
SGMS
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	49.00%	49.00%
SGMW
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	44.00%	44.00%
Shanghai OnStar
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	40.00%	40.00%
Shanghai OnStar \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SGM Norsom
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM Norsom \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM Norsom \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SGM DY
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM DY \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM DY \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SGM DYPT
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM DYPT \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM DYPT \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SAIC-GMAC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	35.00%	35.00%
SAIC-GMAC \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SAIC-GMAC \| Shanghai Automotive Group Finance Company Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	45.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	35.00%	35.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. \| SAIC Financial Holdings Company
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	45.00%

Stock Incentive Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Activity


	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
Units outstanding at January 1, 2023	34.1	$	27.62	0.8
Granted	14.3	$	33.54
Settled	(5.8)	$	38.66
Forfeited or expired	(2.7)	$	36.55
Units outstanding at December 31, 2023(a)	39.9	$	27.53	0.9

__________

(a) Includes the target amount of PSUs.

Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 85,845	$ 78,295
Less: accumulated depreciation	(35,524)	(33,047)
Total property, net	50,321	45,248
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	11,737	11,276	$ 12,047
Property, Plant and Equipment
Capitalized Interest and Software [Abstract]
Capitalized software	2,200	1,800
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	6,719	6,297	5,829
Impairment charges	115	12	0
Capitalized software amortization expense	705	614	$ 515
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	1,293	1,307
Buildings and Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 13,256	11,461
Buildings and Improvements \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	5 years
Buildings and Improvements \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	40 years
Machinery and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 37,074	33,413
Machinery and Equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	3 years
Machinery and Equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	27 years
Special Tools
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 26,086	24,775
Special Tools \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	1 year
Special Tools \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	13 years
Construction in Progress
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 8,135	$ 7,340

Debt - Automotive and GM Financial Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Automotive
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Finance lease liabilities		$ 437	$ 381
Carrying Amount		16,413	17,844
Finance lease liabilities, Fair Value		447	381
Fair Value		16,490	16,828
Available under credit facility agreements		$ 16,446	$ 15,095
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt		16.20%	6.10%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt		5.80%	5.80%
Net discount and debt issuance costs		$ 527	$ 525
Automotive \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		134	124
Fair Value		132	123
Automotive \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		15,842	17,340
Fair Value		15,911	16,323
Automotive \| Level 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		15,457	15,971
Automotive \| Level 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		1,033	857
GM Financial
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		105,327	96,854
Fair Value		104,622	93,738
GM Financial \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		45,243	42,131
Fair Value		44,971	41,467
GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		60,084	54,723
Fair Value		$ 59,651	52,270
GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt \| Line of Credit \| $2.0 Billion Dollar Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term	364 days	364 days
Aggregate borrowing capacity	$ 2,000	$ 2,000
GM Financial \| Level 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		102,262	91,545
GM Financial \| Level 3
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		$ 2,360	$ 2,192

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Schedule of Equity Income

Revenue and expenses of our joint ventures are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Automotive China joint ventures equity income (loss)	$	446	$	677	$	1,098
Other joint ventures equity income (loss)(a)	327		159		203
Total Equity income (loss)	$	773	$	837	$	1,301

__________

(a) Equity earnings related to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales as this entity is integral to the operations of our business by providing battery cells for our EVs. Equity earnings related to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC were $293 million in the year ended December 31, 2023.

Carrying Amount of Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Automotive China joint ventures carrying amount	$	6,373	$	6,714
Ultium Cells Holdings LLC carrying amount	2,268		1,463
Other investments carrying amount	1,972		1,998
Total equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	10,613	$	10,176

Summarized Financial Data for Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Automotive China JVs		Others		Total		Automotive China JVs		Others		Total
Summarized Balance Sheet Data
Current assets	$	15,963	$	17,435	$	33,398	$	17,735	$	17,405	$	35,140
Non-current assets	11,585		11,535		23,120		12,428		10,826		23,254
Total assets	$	27,548	$	28,970	$	56,518	$	30,163	$	28,231	$	58,394

Current liabilities	$	22,104	$	15,308	$	37,412	$	23,267	$	17,498	$	40,765
Non-current liabilities	1,070		4,174		5,244		1,167		3,184		4,351
Total liabilities	$	23,174	$	19,482	$	42,656	$	24,434	$	20,682	$	45,116

Noncontrolling interests	$	868	$	—	$	868	$	904	$	—	$	904


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Summarized Operating Data
Automotive China JVs' net sales	$	31,435	$	35,857	$	42,776
Others' net sales	4,311		2,029		2,017
Total net sales	$	35,746	$	37,886	$	44,793

Automotive China JVs' net income	$	1,122	$	1,407	$	2,109
Others' net income	771		426		587
Total net income	$	1,893	$	1,833	$	2,696

Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Transactions with and Balances Related to Nonconsolidated Affiliates

The following tables summarize transactions with and balances related to our nonconsolidated affiliates:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Automotive sales and revenue	$	209	$	218	$	227
Automotive purchases, net	$	2,766	$	2,637	$	1,551
Dividends received	$	1,018	$	1,030	$	783
Operating cash flows	$	(941)	$	(1,133)	$	(616)


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts and notes receivable, net	$	589	$	1,089
Accounts payable	$	806	$	942
Undistributed earnings	$	1,719	$	1,918

China JVs

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments

The following table summarizes our direct ownership interests in our China JVs:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Automotive China JVs
SAIC General Motors Corp., Ltd. (SGM)	50	%	50	%
Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.	50	%	50	%
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd. (SGMS)	49	%	49	%
SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW)	44	%	44	%
Shanghai OnStar Telematics Co., Ltd. (Shanghai OnStar)	40	%	40	%
SAIC GM (Shenyang) Norsom Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM Norsom)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM DY)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Powertrain Co., Ltd. (SGM DYPT)	25	%	25	%
Other joint ventures
SAIC-GMAC Automotive Finance Company Limited (SAIC-GMAC)	35	%	35	%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.	35	%	35	%

Variable Interest Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

Consolidated VIEs

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

GM Financial uses special purpose entities (SPEs) that are considered VIEs to issue variable funding notes to third party bank-sponsored warehouse facilities or asset-backed securities to investors in securitization transactions. The debt issued by these VIEs is backed by finance receivables and leasing-related assets transferred to the VIEs (Securitized Assets). GM Financial determined that it is the primary beneficiary of the SPEs because the servicing responsibilities for the Securitized Assets give GM Financial the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIEs and the variable interests in the VIEs give GM Financial the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive residual returns that could potentially be significant. The assets of the VIEs serve as the sole source of repayment for the debt issued by these entities. Investors in the notes issued by the VIEs do not have recourse to GM Financial or its other assets, with the exception of customary representation and warranty repurchase provisions and indemnities that GM Financial provides as the servicer. GM Financial is not required to provide additional financial support to these SPEs. While these subsidiaries are included in GM Financial's consolidated financial statements, they are separate legal entities and their assets are legally owned by them and are not available to GM Financial's creditors or creditors of GM Financial's other subsidiaries.

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to GM Financial's consolidated VIEs:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Restricted cash – current	$	2,398	$	2,176
Restricted cash – non-current	$	367	$	360
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	$	22,990	$	19,896
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	$	23,535	$	18,748
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	$	15,794	$	18,456
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	22,088	$	21,643
GM Financial long-term debt	$	23,210	$	20,545

GM Financial recognizes finance charge, leased vehicle and fee income on the Securitized Assets and interest expense on the secured debt issued in a securitization transaction and records a provision for loan losses to recognize loan losses expected over the remaining life of the finance receivables.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

Automotive

Nonconsolidated VIEs principally include automotive related operating entities to which we provided financial support to ensure that our supply needs for production are met or are not disrupted. Our variable interests in these nonconsolidated VIEs include equity investments, accounts and loans receivable, committed financial support and other off-balance sheet

arrangements. The carrying amounts of assets were approximately $2.4 billion and $1.6 billion and liabilities were insignificant related to our nonconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with these VIEs was $3.5 billion and $3.3 billion, inclusive of $0.8 billion and $1.4 billion in committed capital contributions to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Our maximum exposure to loss, and required capital contributions, could vary depending on Ultium Cells Holdings LLC's requirements and access to capital. We currently lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of these entities that most significantly affect their economic performance.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill of $1.9 billion consisted of $1.3 billion in GM Financial at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and $573 million and $571 million in Cruise at December 31, 2023 and 2022. In the three months ended December 31, 2023, we performed a goodwill impairment test for Cruise and determined that the goodwill was not impaired.


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property	$	749	$	517	$	231	$	767	$	564	$	203
Brands	4,293		1,768		2,526		4,294		1,658		2,636
Dealer network, customer relationships and other	968		784		184		960		765		195
Total intangible assets	$	6,010	$	3,069	$	2,941	$	6,021	$	2,987	$	3,034

Our amortization expense related to intangible assets was $114 million, $139 million and $141 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $159 million in each of the next five years.

Stock Incentive Plans (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Stock Incentive Awards Units Outstanding (Roll Forward)
Units outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	34.1
Granted (in shares)	14.3
Settled (in shares)	(5.8)
Forfeited or expired (in shares)	(2.7)
Units outstanding at end of period (in shares)	39.9	34.1
Stock Incentive Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (Per Share) [Roll Forward]
Weighted-average grant date fair value, Units outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 27.62
Weighted-average grant date fair value, granted (in dollars per share)	33.54
Weighted-average grant date fair value, settled (in dollars per share)	38.66
Weighted-average grant date fair value, forfeited or expired (in dollars per share)	36.55
Weighted-average grant date fair value, Units outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 27.53	$ 27.62
Remaining Contractual Term [Abstract]
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Terms in years, Outstanding	10 months 24 days	9 months 18 days

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Non-service pension and OPEB income (loss)	$ 184	$ 1,512	$ 1,909
Interest income	1,109	460	146
Licensing agreements income	172	238	195
Revaluation of investments	(77)	(236)	571
Other	149	(542)	220
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	1,537	$ 1,432	$ 3,041
Russia
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Business exit costs	$ 657

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

We have 2.0 billion shares of preferred stock and 5.0 billion shares of common stock authorized for issuance. We had no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022. We had 1.2 billion and 1.4 billion shares of common stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Common Stock Holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. Our dividends declared per common share were $0.36 and $0.18 and our total dividends paid on common stock were $477 million and $257 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Dividends were not declared or paid on our common stock for the year ended December 31, 2021. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote. The liquidation rights of holders of our common stock are secondary to the payment or provision for payment of all our debts and liabilities and to holders of our preferred stock, if any such shares are then outstanding.

In November 2023, our Board of Directors increased the capacity under our share repurchase program by $10.0 billion to an aggregate of $11.4 billion and we entered into the ASR Agreements to repurchase an aggregate amount of $10.0 billion of our common stock under the authorized share repurchase program. On December 1, 2023, we advanced the $10.0 billion and received approximately 215 million shares of our common stock with a value of $6.8 billion, which were immediately retired. The final number of shares to ultimately be purchased will be based on the average of the daily volume-weighted average prices of our common stock during the term of the ASR Agreements, less a discount and subject to adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the ASR Agreements. Upon final settlement, we may receive additional shares of common stock, or, under certain circumstances, we may be required to deliver shares of common stock or to make a cash payment, at our election. The final settlement of the transactions contemplated under the ASR Agreements is scheduled to occur no later than the three months ending December 31, 2024. Because of our ability to settle in shares, the $3.2 billion prepaid forward contract was classified as a reduction to Additional paid-in capital within the consolidated statement of equity.

In the year ended December 31, 2023, we purchased approximately 245 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $7.9 billion, including the initial delivery under the ASR Agreements of approximately 215 million shares at a value of $6.8 billion. In the year ended December 31, 2022, we purchased approximately 64 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $2.5 billion. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we did not purchase any shares of our outstanding common stock. Shares are immediately retired upon purchase and the amount of the purchase price over par is allocated on a pro-rata basis, subject to the availability of paid-in capital calculated on a per-share basis, between Additional paid-in capital and Retained earnings.

Cruise Preferred Shares In 2021, Cruise Holdings issued $2.7 billion of Class G Preferred Shares (Cruise Class G Preferred Shares) to Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft), Walmart Inc. (Walmart) and other investors, including $1.0 billion to General Motors Holdings LLC. All proceeds related to the Cruise Class G Preferred Shares are designated exclusively for working capital and general corporate purposes of Cruise Holdings. In addition, we, Cruise Holdings and Microsoft entered into a long-term strategic relationship to accelerate the commercialization of self-driving vehicles with Microsoft being the preferred public cloud provider.

The Cruise Class G Preferred Shares participate pari passu with holders of Cruise Holdings common stock and Class F Preferred Shares (Cruise Class F Preferred Shares) in any dividends declared. The Cruise Class G and Cruise Class F Preferred Shares convert into the class of shares to be issued to the public in an initial public offering (IPO) at specified exchange ratios. No covenants or other events of default exist that can trigger redemption of the Cruise Class G and Cruise Class F Preferred Shares. The Cruise Class G and Cruise Class F Preferred Shares are entitled to receive the greater of their carrying value or a pro-rata share of any proceeds or distributions upon the occurrence of a merger, sale, liquidation or dissolution of Cruise Holdings, and are classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, under the Share Purchase Agreement, we acquired SoftBank’s Cruise Class A-1, Class F and Class G Preferred Shares for $2.1 billion and made an additional $1.35 billion investment in Cruise in place of SoftBank. SoftBank no longer has an ownership interest in or has any rights with respect to Cruise.

Cruise Common Shares During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Cruise Holdings issued approximately $0.4 billion and $0.8 billion of Class B Common Shares to net settle vested awards under Cruise's 2018 Employee Incentive Plan and issued approximately $0.2 billion and $0.5 billion of Class B Common Shares, primarily to us, to fund the payment of statutory tax withholding obligations resulting from the settlement or exercise of vested awards. GM conducted quarterly tender offers and paid approximately $0.3 billion and $0.6 billion in cash to purchase tendered Cruise Class B Common Shares during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Class B Common Shares are classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements except for certain shares that are liability classified that have a recorded value of approximately $42 million and $60 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Refer to Note 22 for additional information on Cruise stock incentive awards.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the effect on the equity attributable to us for changes in our ownership interest in Cruise was insignificant. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net income attributable to shareholders and transfers to the noncontrolling interest in Cruise and other subsidiaries was $10.3 billion. For the year ended December 31, 2022, net income attributable to shareholders and transfers to the noncontrolling interest in Cruise and other subsidiaries was $9.2 billion, which included a $0.7 billion decrease in equity attributable to us, mainly due to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares.

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(2,776)	$	(2,654)	$	(2,735)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests, net of reclassification adjustment and tax(a)(b)(c)	319		(123)		81
Balance at end of period	$	(2,457)	$	(2,776)	$	(2,654)
Defined Benefit Plans
Balance at beginning of period	$	(4,851)	$	(6,528)	$	(10,654)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment(a)	(3,706)		1,487		4,714
Tax benefit (expense)	838		2		(906)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)	(2,868)		1,488		3,808
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(c)	54		188		318
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(2,814)		1,677		4,126
Balance at end of period(d)	$	(7,665)	$	(4,851)	$	(6,528)

__________

(a) The noncontrolling interests were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(b) The reclassification adjustment was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(d) Primarily consists of unamortized actuarial loss on our defined benefit plans.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 505
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-6

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-6

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 505
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//505/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Publisher FASB
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 18
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

+ Details

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$ 10,127	$ 9,934	$ 10,019

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Retail Finance Receivables Delinquencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables, nonaccrual status	$ 0	$ 0
GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	86,463	76,310
Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Finance receivables, nonaccrual status	809	685
2023	30,253	29,090
2022	20,259	18,745
2021	12,670	11,081
2020	6,842	3,992
2019	2,000	1,824
Prior	707	589
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 72,729	$ 65,322
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2023	$ 437	$ 414
2022	657	617
2021	572	380
2020	308	249
2019	175	140
Prior	108	96
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 2,257	$ 1,896
Percent	3.10%	2.90%
0-to-30 days \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Performing Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2023	$ 29,816	$ 28,676
2022	19,602	18,128
2021	12,098	10,702
2020	6,533	3,743
2019	1,825	1,685
Prior	599	493
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 70,472	$ 63,426
Percent	96.90%	97.10%
31-to-60 days \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2023	$ 318	$ 310
2022	470	452
2021	415	275
2020	227	184
2019	130	103
Prior	78	69
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 1,637	$ 1,393
Percent	2.30%	2.10%
Greater-than-60 days \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2023	$ 102	$ 93
2022	168	150
2021	142	98
2020	76	62
2019	42	35
Prior	29	26
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 559	$ 465
Percent	0.80%	0.70%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2023	$ 421	$ 403
2022	637	603
2021	557	373
2020	302	246
2019	172	138
Prior	107	95
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 2,196	$ 1,857
Percent	3.00%	2.80%
In repossession \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2023	$ 17	$ 11
2022	20	14
2021	14	6
2020	6	4
2019	3	2
Prior	1	1
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 61	$ 39
Percent	0.10%	0.10%

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation We consolidate entities that we control due to ownership of a majority voting interest and we consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) when we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Our share of earnings or losses of nonconsolidated affiliates is included in our consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting when we are able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements Accounting estimates are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates require the use of judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods.
GM Financial	GM Financial The amounts presented for GM Financial are adjusted to reflect the impact on GM Financial's deferred tax positions and provision for income taxes resulting from the inclusion of GM Financial in our consolidated tax return and to eliminate the effect of transactions between GM Financial and the other members of the consolidated group. Accordingly, the amounts presented will differ from those presented by GM Financial on a stand-alone basis.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Automotive Automotive net sales and revenue represents the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for vehicle, parts and accessories and services and other sales. The consideration recognized represents the amount received, typically shortly after the sale to a customer, net of estimated dealer and customer sales incentives we reasonably expect to pay. Significant factors in determining our estimates of incentives include forecasted sales volume, product mix and the rate of customer acceptance of incentive programs, all of which are estimated based on historical experience and assumptions concerning future customer behavior and market conditions. Subsequent adjustments to incentive estimates are possible as facts and circumstances change over time. A portion of the consideration received is deferred for separate performance obligations, such as maintenance, services and vehicle connectivity, that will be provided to our customers at a future date. Taxes assessed by various government entities, such as sales, use and value-added taxes, collected at the time of the vehicle sale are excluded from Automotive net sales and revenue. Costs for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the vehicle transfers to the dealer are recognized at the time of sale and presented in Automotive and other cost of sales. Vehicle, Parts and Accessories For the majority of vehicle and accessories sales, our customers obtain control and we recognize revenue when the vehicle transfers to the dealer, which typically occurs either when the vehicle is released to the carrier responsible for transporting it to a dealer or upon delivery to a dealer. Revenue, net of estimated returns, is recognized on the sale of parts upon delivery to the customer. When our customers have a right to return eligible parts and accessories, we consider the returns in our estimation of the transaction price. Typically, transfers to daily rental companies are accounted for as sales, with revenue recognized at the time of transfer. We defer revenue for remarketing obligations, record a residual value guarantee and reflect a liability for amounts expected to be paid once the remarketing services are complete at the time of sale and recognize deferred revenue in earnings upon completion of the remarketing service. Used Vehicles Proceeds from the auction of vehicles utilized by our employees are recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Automotive and other cost of sales. Services and Other Services and other revenue primarily consists of revenue from vehicle-related service arrangements and after-sale services such as maintenance, OnStar, Super Cruise, vehicle connectivity and extended service warranties. For those service arrangements that are bundled with a vehicle sale, a portion of the revenue from the sale is allocated to the service component and recognized as deferred revenue within Accrued liabilities or Other liabilities. We recognize revenue for bundled services and services sold separately as services are performed, typically over a period of up to eight years. Automotive Financing - GM Financial Finance charge income earned on finance receivables is recognized using the effective interest method. Fees and commissions received (including manufacturer subvention) and direct costs of originating loans are deferred and amortized over the term of the related finance receivables using the effective interest method and are removed from the consolidated balance sheets when the related finance receivables are fully charged off or paid in full. Accrual of finance charge income on retail finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 60 days delinquent, accounts in bankruptcy and accounts in repossession. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to any fees due, then to any interest due and then any remaining amounts are applied to principal. Interest accrual generally resumes once an account has received payments bringing the delinquency to less than 60 days past due. Accrual of finance charge income on commercial finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 90 days delinquent, upon receipt of a bankruptcy notice from a borrower, or where reasonable doubt exists about the full collectability of contractually agreed upon principal and interest. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to principal. Interest accrual resumes once an account has received payments bringing the account fully current and collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured (including amounts previously charged off). Income from operating lease assets, which includes lease origination fees, net of lease origination costs, is recorded as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Gains or losses realized upon disposition of off-lease assets including any payments received from lessees upon lease termination, are included in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses.
Advertising and Promotion Expenditures	Advertising and Promotion Expenditures Advertising and promotion expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense, were $3.6 billion, $4.0 billion and $3.3 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Research and Development Expenditures	Research and Development Expenditures Research and development expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other cost of sales, were $9.9 billion, $9.8 billion and $7.9 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. We enter into co-development arrangements with third parties or nonconsolidated affiliates for product-related research, engineering, design and development activities. Cost sharing payments and fees related to these arrangements are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales.
Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. Certain operating agreements require us to post cash as collateral. Cash and cash equivalents subject to contractual restrictions and not readily available are classified as restricted cash. Restricted cash is invested in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements and include amounts related to various deposits, escrows and other cash collateral. Restricted cash is included in Other current assets and Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements A three-level valuation hierarchy, based upon observable and unobservable inputs, is used for fair value measurements. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions based on the best evidence available. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose significant inputs are observable; and Level 3 – Instruments whose significant inputs are unobservable.
Marketable Debt Securities	Marketable Debt Securities We generally classify marketable debt securities as available-for-sale. Various factors, including turnover of holdings and investment guidelines, are considered in determining the classification of securities. Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value with non-credit related unrealized gains and losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss until realized. Credit losses are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. An evaluation is made quarterly to determine if any portion of unrealized losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss needs to be reclassified. Non-credit related unrealized losses are reclassified to Interest income and other non-operating income, net if we intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before the recovery of the unrealized loss. We determine realized gains and losses for all debt securities using the specific identification method and measure the fair value of our marketable debt securities using a market approach where identical or comparable prices are available and an income approach in other cases. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values of securities are determined using prices from a pricing service, pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flow models. These prices represent non-binding quotes. Our pricing service utilizes industry-standard pricing models that consider various inputs. We review our pricing service quarterly and believe the prices received from our pricing service are a reliable representation of exit prices.
Accounts and Notes Receivable	Accounts and Notes Receivable Accounts and notes receivable primarily consists of amounts that are due and payable from our customers for the sale of vehicles, parts and accessories. We evaluate the collectability of receivables each reporting period and record an allowance for doubtful accounts to present the net amount expected to be collected on our receivables. Additions to the allowance are charged to bad debt expense reported in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense and were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
GM Financial Receivables	GM Financial Receivables Finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses. Provisions for loan losses are charged to operations in amounts sufficient to maintain the allowance for loan losses at levels considered adequate to cover expected credit losses on the finance receivables. For retail finance receivables, GM Financial uses static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the receivables, which is supplemented by management judgment. The modeling techniques incorporate reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions over the expected remaining life of the finance receivables. The economic forecasts incorporate factors which vary by region that GM Financial believes will have the largest impact on expected losses, including unemployment rates, interest rate spreads, disposable personal income and growth rates in gross domestic product. Commercial finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses and amounts held under a cash management program. GM Financial establishes the allowance for loan losses based on historical loss experience, as well as forecasted auto industry conditions, which is the economic indicator believed to have the largest impact on expected losses.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less cost to sell, and considers general market and economic conditions, periodic reviews of current profitability of vehicles, product warranty costs and the effect of estimated sales incentives. Net realizable value for off-lease and other vehicles is current auction sales proceeds less disposal and warranty costs. Inventories are reviewed to determine if inventory quantities are in excess of forecasted usage or if they have become obsolete, with a primary focus on productive material, supplies, work in process and parts and accessories.
Equipment on Operating Leases	Equipment on Operating Leases Equipment on operating leases, net primarily consists of vehicle leases to retail customers with lease terms of two to five years. We are exposed to changes in the residual values of these assets. The residual values represent estimates of the values of the leased vehicles at the end of the lease agreements and are determined based on forecasted auction proceeds when there is a reliable basis to make such a determination. Realization of the residual values is dependent on the future ability to market the vehicles under prevailing market conditions. The estimate of the residual value is evaluated over the life of the arrangement and adjustments may be made to the extent the expected value of the vehicle changes. Adjustments may be in the form of revisions to the depreciation rate or recognition of an impairment charge. A lease vehicle asset group is determined to be impaired if an impairment indicator exists and the expected future cash flows, which include estimated residual values, are lower than the carrying amount of the vehicle asset group. If the carrying amount is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value of the vehicle asset group. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows, including estimated residual values. In our automotive finance operations, when a leased vehicle is returned or repossessed, the asset is recorded in Other assets at the lower of amortized cost or net realizable value. Upon disposition a gain or loss is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses for any difference between the net book value of the leased asset and the proceeds from the disposition of the asset.
Equity Investments	Equity Investments When events and circumstances warrant, equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting are evaluated for impairment. An impairment charge is recorded whenever a decline in value of an equity investment below its carrying amount is determined to be other-than-temporary. Impairment charges related to equity method investments are recorded in Equity income. Equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting are measured at fair value or in certain cases adjusted to fair value upon an observable price change, with changes in fair value recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.
Property, net and Special Tools	Property, net Property, plant and equipment, including internal use software, is recorded at cost. The gross amount of assets under finance leases is included in property, plant and equipment. Major improvements that extend the useful life or add functionality are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. We depreciate depreciable property using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of lease or the life of the asset, whichever is shorter. The amortization of the assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Upon retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in earnings. Impairment charges related to property are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales, Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Special Tools Special tools represent product-specific propulsion and non-propulsion related tools, dies, molds and other items used in the vehicle manufacturing process. Expenditures for special tools are recorded at cost and are capitalized. We amortize special tools over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method or an accelerated amortization method based on their historical and estimated production volume. Impairment charges related to special tools are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually on October 1 and when events warrant such a review. The impairment test entails an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative impairment test is performed. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value.
Intangible Assets, net	Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets, excluding goodwill, primarily include brand names, technology and intellectual property, customer relationships and dealer networks. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or an accelerated method of amortization over their estimated useful lives. Amortization of developed technology and intellectual property is recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. Amortization of brand names, customer relationships and our dealer networks is recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Impairment charges, if any, related to intangible assets are recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or Automotive and other cost of sales.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets	Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The carrying amount of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets to be held and used in the business is evaluated for impairment when events and circumstances warrant. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired, a loss is recorded based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Product-specific long-lived asset groups and non-product specific long-lived assets are separately tested for impairment on an asset group basis. Fair value is determined using either the market or sales comparison approach, cost approach or anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held for use until disposition.
Government Incentives and Grants	Government Incentives and Grants We receive incentives from federal, state and local governments in different regions of the world that primarily encourage us to establish, maintain, or increase investment, employment, or production in the region. We are also entitled to certain advanced manufacturing production credits under the IRA. The benefit from both refundable and nonrefundable advanced manufacturing production credits are not accounted for or classified as an income tax credit. We account for government incentives as a reduction of expense, a reduction of the cost of the capital investment or other income based on the substance of the incentive received. Benefits are generally recorded when there is reasonable assurance of receipt or, as it relates to advance manufacturing production credits, upon the generation of the credit. Amounts are recorded in earnings as the expenses in which the incentive is meant to offset are incurred, as we meet the conditions of the grant or as the capital investment is depreciated or, as it relates to advance manufacturing production credits, upon generation of the credit.
Pension and OPEB Plans	Pension and OPEB Plans Attribution, Methods and Assumptions The cost of benefits provided by defined benefit pension plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of pension plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the duration of the applicable collective bargaining agreement specific to the plan, the expected future working lifetime or the life expectancy of the plan participants. The cost of medical, dental, legal service and life insurance benefits provided through postretirement benefit plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of postretirement plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the average period to full eligibility or the average life expectancy of the plan participants. An expected return on plan asset methodology is utilized to calculate future pension expense for certain significant funded benefit plans. A market-related value of plan assets methodology is also utilized that averages gains and losses on the plan assets over a period of years to determine future pension expense. The methodology recognizes 60% of the difference between the fair value of assets and the expected calculated value in the first year and 10% of that difference over each of the next four years. The discount rate assumption is established for each of the retirement-related benefit plans at their respective measurement dates. In the U.S., we use a cash flow matching approach that uses projected cash flows matched to spot rates along a high-quality corporate bond yield curve to determine the present value of cash flows to calculate a single equivalent discount rate. We apply individual annual yield curve rates to determine the service cost and interest cost for our pension and OPEB plans to more specifically link the cash flows related to service cost and interest cost to bonds maturing in their year of payment. The benefit obligation for pension plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany represents 90% of the non-U.S. pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2023. The discount rates for plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany are determined using a cash flow matching approach like the U.S. Plan Asset Valuation Due to the lack of timely available market information for certain investments in the asset classes described below as well as the inherent uncertainty of valuation, reported fair values may differ from fair values that would have been used had timely available market information been available. Common and Preferred Stock Common and preferred stock for which market prices are readily available at the measurement date are valued at the last reported sale price or official closing price on the primary market or exchange on which they are actively traded and are classified in Level 1. Such equity securities for which the market is not considered to be active are valued via the use of observable inputs, which may include the use of adjusted market prices last available, bids or last available sales prices and/or other observable inputs and are classified in Level 2. Common and preferred stock classified in Level 3 are privately issued securities or other issues that are valued via the use of valuation models using significant unobservable inputs that generally consider aged (stale) pricing, earnings multiples, discounted cash flows and/or other qualitative and quantitative factors. Debt Securities Valuations for debt securities are based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Debt securities priced via pricing services that utilize matrix pricing which considers readily observable inputs such as the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type as well as dealer supplied prices, are classified in Level 2. Debt securities that are typically priced by dealers and pricing services via the use of proprietary pricing models which incorporate significant unobservable inputs are classified in Level 3. These inputs primarily consist of yield and credit spread assumptions, discount rates, prepayment curves, default assumptions and recovery rates. Investment Funds, Private Equity and Debt Investments and Real Estate Investments Investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments are valued based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) per Share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient to estimate fair value due to the absence of readily available market prices. NAVs are provided by the respective investment sponsors or investment advisers and are subsequently reviewed and approved by management. In the event management concludes a reported NAV does not reflect fair value or is not determined as of the financial reporting measurement date, we will consider whether and when deemed necessary to make an adjustment at the balance sheet date. In determining whether an adjustment to the external valuation is required, we will review material factors that could affect the valuation, such as changes in the composition or performance of the underlying investments or comparable investments, overall market conditions, expected sale prices for private investments which are probable of being sold in the short-term and other economic factors that may possibly have a favorable or unfavorable effect on the reported external valuation.
Stock Incentive Plans	Stock Incentive Plans Our stock incentive plans include RSUs, PSUs, stock options and awards that may be settled in our stock, the stock of our subsidiaries or in cash. We measure and record compensation expense based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock on the date of grant for RSUs and PSUs and the grant date fair value, determined utilizing the Black-Scholes formula or a lattice model, for stock options and PSUs. We record compensation cost for service-based RSUs, PSUs and service-based stock options on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period, or for retirement eligible employees over the requisite service period. In March 2022, all outstanding RSUs that settle in Cruise's common stock were modified to remove the liquidity vesting condition. Prospectively, RSUs that will settle in Cruise's common stock will vest solely upon satisfaction of a service condition. Compensation cost for awards that do not have an established accounting grant date, but for which the service inception date has been established, or are settled in cash is based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock at the end of each reporting period. Compensation cost is also recorded on stock issued to settle awards based on the fair value of Cruise's common stock until such time that the stock has been issued for more than six months.
Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns	Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns The estimated costs related to product warranties are accrued at the time products are sold and are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of claims of each vehicle line or each model year of the vehicle line and assumptions about future activity and events. Revisions are made when necessary and are based on changes in these factors. The estimated costs related to recall campaigns are accrued when probable and estimable. In GMNA, we estimate the costs related to recall campaigns by applying a paid loss approach that considers the number of historical recall campaigns and the estimated cost for each recall campaign. The estimated costs associated with recall campaigns in other geographical regions are determined using the estimated costs of repairs and the estimated number of vehicles to be repaired. Costs associated with recall campaigns are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. Revisions are made when necessary based on changes in these factors.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recorded in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date under the law. We record Global Intangible Low Tax Income (GILTI) as a current period expense when incurred. Income tax effects are released from Accumulated other comprehensive loss using the specific-identification method. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. Deferred income tax assets are evaluated quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years. We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not criteria, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense.
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation	Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency as their functional currency are translated to U.S. Dollars based on the current exchange rate prevailing at each balance sheet date and any resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose local currency is not their functional currency are remeasured from their local currency to their functional currency and then translated to U.S. Dollars. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars using the average exchange rates prevailing for each period presented. The financial statements of any foreign subsidiary that has been identified as having a highly inflationary economy are remeasured as if the functional currency were the U.S. Dollar. Gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions and the effects of remeasurements discussed in the preceding paragraph are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses unless related to Automotive debt, which are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of each derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as an accounting hedge, as well as the type of hedging relationship identified. Cash flows for all derivative financial instruments are typically classified in cash flows from operating activities. Derivative instruments are not used for trading or speculative purposes. Automotive We utilize options, swaps and forward contracts to manage foreign currency, commodity price and interest rate risks. The change in the fair value of option, swap and forward contracts not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Certain foreign currency and commodity forward contracts have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The risks being hedged are foreign currency and commodity price risks related to forecasted transactions. The change in the fair value of these forward contracts is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue or Automotive and other cost of sales when the hedged transaction impacts earnings. Forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at inception and throughout the hedge period. Certain receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swap agreements have been designated and qualify as fair value hedges of our fixed-rate debt. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate. The changes in both the fair value of the hedged debt and the hedging instrument are recorded in Automotive interest expense. When a fair value hedge is de-designated, or when the derivative is terminated prior to maturity, the fair value adjustment to the hedged debt continues to be reported as part of the carrying value of the debt and is recognized in Automotive interest expense over its remaining life. Automotive Financing - GM Financial GM Financial utilizes interest rate derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency derivative instruments to manage foreign currency risk. The change in fair value of the derivative instruments not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as fair value hedges. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate or the risk of changes in fair value attributable to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If the swap has been designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the hedged item are recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. The change in fair value of the related hedge is also recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate swap and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is the interest rate and foreign currency risk related to forecasted transactions. If the contract has been designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the cash flow hedge is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses along with the earnings effect of the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded currently in earnings and are presented in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for credit loss of finance receivables, percentage	2.70%	2.70%
GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$ 2,096	$ 1,886	$ 1,978
Provision for loan losses	826	654	248
Charge-offs	(1,423)	(1,138)	(897)
Recoveries	768	686	574
Effect of foreign currency	76	9	(17)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$ 2,344	$ 2,096	$ 1,886

- Definition

Amount of allowance for credit loss on financing receivable. Excludes allowance for financing receivable covered under loss sharing agreement.

+ References + Details

Marketable and Other Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, which approximates cost:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits		$	8,977	$	8,921
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	211		1,012
Corporate debt	2	1,439		2,778
Sovereign debt	2	734		1,828
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		2,384		5,618
Money market funds	1	7,491		4,613
Total cash and cash equivalents		$	18,853	$	19,153
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	3,495	$	4,357
Corporate debt	2	3,274		5,147
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	589		538
Sovereign debt	2	255		2,108
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities		$	7,613	$	12,150
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	277	$	341
Money market funds	1	2,787		2,455
Total restricted cash		$	3,064	$	2,796

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(a)
Due in one year or less		$	3,725
Due between one and five years		5,500


Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	9,225

__________

(a) Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities of $589 million at December 31, 2023 as these securities are not due at a single maturity date.

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, which approximates cost:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits		$	8,977	$	8,921
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	211		1,012
Corporate debt	2	1,439		2,778
Sovereign debt	2	734		1,828
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		2,384		5,618
Money market funds	1	7,491		4,613
Total cash and cash equivalents		$	18,853	$	19,153
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	3,495	$	4,357
Corporate debt	2	3,274		5,147
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	589		538
Sovereign debt	2	255		2,108
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities		$	7,613	$	12,150
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	277	$	341
Money market funds	1	2,787		2,455
Total restricted cash		$	3,064	$	2,796

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(a)
Due in one year or less		$	3,725
Due between one and five years		5,500


Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	9,225

__________

(a) Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities of $589 million at December 31, 2023 as these securities are not due at a single maturity date.

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash from Balance Sheet to Statement of Cash Flows

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,853	$	19,153
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,604		2,356
Restricted cash included in Other assets	460		440
Total	$	21,917	$	21,948

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures

The following table summarizes the sources (uses) of cash provided by Change in other operating assets and liabilities and Cash paid for income taxes and interest:


Change in other operating assets and liabilities	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Accounts receivable	$	1,183	$	(4,483)	$	493
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(2,982)		(5,000)		2,854
Inventories	(757)		(2,581)		(3,155)

Change in other assets	(685)		(248)		(1,418)
Accounts payable	(398)		6,144		(1,166)
Income taxes payable	(121)		273		(95)
Accrued and other liabilities	5,582		2,918		(879)
Total	$	1,822	$	(2,977)	$	(3,366)

Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	1,726	$	1,191	$	652
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – Automotive	$	863	$	933	$	884
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – GM Financial	4,652		2,673		2,519
Total cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	5,515	$	3,606	$	3,403

Segment Reporting - Summary of key financial information by segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	$ 171,842	$ 156,735	$ 127,004
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	12,357	14,474	14,295
Adjustments	(1,865)	(2,125)	(701)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(287)	(226)	(74)
Income (loss) before income taxes	10,403	11,597	12,716
Income tax benefit (expense)	(563)	(1,888)	(2,771)
Net income (loss)	9,840	9,708	9,945
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	10,127	9,934	10,019
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	10,613	10,176	9,677
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	4,862	4,945	5,087
Total Assets	273,064	264,037	244,718
Expenditures for property	10,970	9,238	7,509
Depreciation and amortization	11,737	11,276	12,047
Impairment charges	209	12	4
Equity income (loss)(b)	773	837	1,301
Ultium Cells Holdings L L C
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Equity income (loss)(b)	293
Operating Segments \| Cruise
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	102	102	106
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	(2,695)	(1,890)	(1,196)
Adjustments	(478)	(1,057)	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	715	727	736
Total Assets	4,555	5,510	4,489
Expenditures for property	63	197	89
Depreciation and amortization	38	53	52
Impairment charges	209	0	4
Equity income (loss)(b)	0	0	0
Operating Segments \| GM Financial
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	14,225	12,766	13,419
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	2,985	4,076	5,036
Adjustments	0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	1,670	1,665	1,717
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,354	1,341	1,339
Total Assets	130,780	121,544	113,207
Expenditures for property	24	44	26
Depreciation and amortization	4,944	4,888	6,134
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)(b)	138	173	201
Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	(151)	(107)	(105)
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	(35)	2	(10)
Adjustments	0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	0	0	0
Total Assets	(2,817)	(1,436)	(1,145)
Expenditures for property	198	(10)	5
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)(b)	0	0	0
Automotive
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Automotive interest income	1,109	460	146
Automotive interest expense	(911)	(987)	(950)
Automotive \| Operating Segments
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	157,667	143,974	113,584
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	12,103	12,286	10,465
Adjustments	(1,387)	(1,068)	(701)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	8,943	8,511	7,960
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	2,793	2,877	3,012
Total Assets	140,546	138,419	128,167
Expenditures for property	10,684	9,007	7,389
Depreciation and amortization	6,755	6,335	5,861
Impairment charges	0	12	0
Equity income (loss)(b)	635	663	1,100
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	141,445	128,378	101,308
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	12,306	12,988	10,318
Adjustments	(1,604)	(411)	(425)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	2,595	1,820	827
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	2,083	2,134	2,240
Total Assets	155,908	157,250	121,735
Expenditures for property	10,147	8,280	6,576
Depreciation and amortization	6,146	5,800	5,298
Impairment charges	0	11	0
Equity income (loss)(b)	196	(9)	8
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	15,949	15,420	12,172
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	1,210	1,143	827
Adjustments	217	(657)	(276)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	6,348	6,691	7,133
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	710	740	772
Total Assets	26,225	24,808	22,876
Expenditures for property	522	706	783
Depreciation and amortization	589	513	542
Impairment charges	0	1	0
Equity income (loss)(b)	440	672	1,092
Automotive \| Corporate
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	273	177	104
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	(1,413)	(1,846)	(680)
Adjustments	0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	0	4	0
Total Assets	41,271	60,518	40,492
Expenditures for property	15	20	30
Depreciation and amortization	21	21	21
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)(b)	0	0	0
Automotive \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	0	0	0
Total Assets	(82,858)	(104,157)	(56,936)
Expenditures for property	0	0	0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)(b)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Derivative Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the gross fair value amounts of GM Financial's derivative financial instruments and the associated notional amounts:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedges(a)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	$	18,379	$	75	$	238	$	19,950	$	—	$	821

Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	2,381		17		16		1,434		34		1
Foreign currency swaps(b)	2	8,003		144		311		6,852		—		586
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Interest rate contracts	2	134,683		1,573		1,997		113,975		2,268		1,984

Total derivative financial instruments(c)		$	163,446	$	1,809	$	2,563	$	142,212	$	2,302	$	3,392

__________

The fair value for Level 2 instruments was derived using the market approach based on observable market inputs including quoted prices of similar instruments and foreign exchange and interest rate forward curves.

The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)		Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)
Short-term unsecured debt	$	3,508	$	(8)	$	3,048	$	2
Long-term unsecured debt	30,043		1,037		25,271		779
GM Financial unsecured debt	$	33,551	$	1,029	$	28,319	$	781

__________

(a)Includes $872 million and an insignificant amount of unamortized losses remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 18,853	$ 19,153
Marketable debt securities (Note 4)	7,613	12,150
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $298 and $260	12,378	13,333
Inventories (Note 6)	16,461	15,366
Other current assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	7,238	6,825
Total current assets	101,618	100,451
Non-current Assets
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates (Note 8)	10,613	10,176
Property, net (Note 9)	50,321	45,248
Goodwill and intangible assets, net (Note 10)	4,862	4,945
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7; Note 11 at VIEs)	30,582	32,701
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)	22,339	20,539
Other assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	7,686	9,386
Total non-current assets	171,446	163,586
Total Assets	273,064	264,037
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable (principally trade)	28,114	27,486
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	27,364	24,910
Total current liabilities	94,445	91,173
Non-current Liabilities
Postretirement benefits other than pensions (Note 15)	4,345	4,193
Pensions (Note 15)	6,680	5,698
Other liabilities (Note 12)	16,515	14,767
Total non-current liabilities	110,312	100,579
Total Liabilities	204,757	191,752
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Noncontrolling interest - Cruise stock incentive awards (Note 20)	118	357
Equity (Note 20)
Common stock, $0.01 par value	12	14
Additional paid-in capital	19,130	26,428
Retained earnings	55,391	49,251
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,247)	(7,901)
Total stockholders’ equity	64,286	67,792
Noncontrolling interests	3,903	4,135
Total Equity	68,189	71,927
Total Liabilities and Equity	273,064	264,037
Automotive
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)	428	1,959
Non-current Liabilities
Long-term debt (Note 13)	15,985	15,885
GM Financial
Current Assets
GM Financial receivables, net of allowance of $906 and $869 (Note 5; Note 11 at VIEs)	39,076	33,623
Non-current Assets
GM Financial receivables, net of allowance of $1,438 and $1,227 (Note 5; Note 11 at VIEs)	45,043	40,591
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)	38,540	36,819
Non-current Liabilities
Long-term debt (Note 13)	$ 66,788	$ 60,036

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023 numberOfMotorVehicle	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) plaintiff numberOfClassAction	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 05, 2023 airbagInflator	Mar. 31, 2023 numberOfClassAction	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2021 defect
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Maximum liability, guarantees		$ 3,500				$ 3,100
Rebates available		1,200				1,100
Supplier finance obligation		$ 1,300				$ 852
Supplier Finance Program, Obligation, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Accounts payable (principally trade)				Accounts payable (principally trade)
Indirect Tax Matters
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reasonably possible loss		$ 1,900
ARC Matters
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of vehicles recalled \| numberOfMotorVehicle	1,000,000
Number of defect airbag inflators \| airbagInflator				52,000,000
Period of defect airbag inflators		20 years
Chevrolet Bolt EV Recall
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Warranty provision		$ 2,600
Number of manufacturing defect \| defect							2
Remaining accrual amount		600
Chevrolet Bolt EV Recall \| LG Electronics, Inc.
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount awarded to other party		1,600
Takata Passenger-side Airbags
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of putative class actions pending \| numberOfClassAction					1
Warranty provision		609
Environmental Protection Agency
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Warranty provision		450
Increase (decrease) in accrual		289
Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Litigation-related liability and tax administrative matters		1,200				$ 1,100
Product liability		615				561
Credit card program deferred revenue		$ 384				$ 353
Takata Passenger-side Airbags
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Increase in product warranty accrual			$ 1,100
Korea Wage Litigation - Former Subcontract Workers
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of plaintiffs \| plaintiff		8
Warranty provision		$ 147
Reasonably possible loss		$ 86
Excessive Oil Consumption
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of certified class actions pending \| numberOfClassAction		2
Faulty 8- Speed Transmissions
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of certified class actions pending \| numberOfClassAction		1
Number of putative class actions pending \| numberOfClassAction		1

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Summary of Finance Receivables (Details) - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	$ 86,463	$ 76,310
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,344)	(2,096)	$ (1,886)	$ (1,978)
GM Financial receivables	84,119	74,214
Retail Finance Receivables
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	72,729	65,322
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,308)	(2,062)
GM Financial receivables	70,421	63,260
Commercial Finance Receivables
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	13,734	10,988
Less: allowance for loan losses	(36)	(34)
GM Financial receivables	13,698	10,954
Dealer cash management balances	2,600	1,900
Commercial Finance Receivables \| Dealer Financing
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	13,257	10,625
GM Financial receivables	13,300	10,600
Commercial Finance Receivables \| Other Financing
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	476	362
Level 2
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Fair value of GM Financial receivables	13,698	10,954
Level 3
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Fair value of GM Financial receivables	$ 70,911	$ 62,150

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the sources (uses) of cash provided by Change in other operating assets and liabilities and Cash paid for income taxes and interest:


Change in other operating assets and liabilities	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Accounts receivable	$	1,183	$	(4,483)	$	493
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(2,982)		(5,000)		2,854
Inventories	(757)		(2,581)		(3,155)

Change in other assets	(685)		(248)		(1,418)
Accounts payable	(398)		6,144		(1,166)
Income taxes payable	(121)		273		(95)
Accrued and other liabilities	5,582		2,918		(879)
Total	$	1,822	$	(2,977)	$	(3,366)

Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	1,726	$	1,191	$	652
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – Automotive	$	863	$	933	$	884
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – GM Financial	4,652		2,673		2,519
Total cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	5,515	$	3,606	$	3,403

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2023	Jan. 16, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34960
Entity Registrant Name	GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-0756180
Entity Address, Address Line One	300 Renaissance Center,
Entity Address, City or Town	Detroit,
Entity Address, State or Province	MI
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	48265
City Area Code	313
Local Phone Number	667-1500
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	GM
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 52.9
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,154,433,287
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement related to the Annual Stockholders Meeting to be filed subsequently are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0001467858
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Basic Earnings per Common Share
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$ 10,127	$ 9,934	$ 10,019
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock	(106)	(1,019)	(182)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 10,022	$ 8,915	$ 9,837
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	1,364	1,445	1,451
Basic earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 7.35	$ 6.17	$ 6.78
Diluted earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$ 10,022	$ 8,915	$ 9,837
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	1,364	1,445	1,451
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans (in shares)	6	10	17
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (in shares)	1,369	1,454	1,468
Diluted earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 7.32	$ 6.13	$ 6.70
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	23	10	2
Cruise Preferred Shares
Basic Earnings per Common Share
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock		$ 909

Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Rent expense	$ 346	$ 317	$ 294
Operating lease right-of-use assets	979	1,100
Operating lease liability	264	247
Operating lease liabilities	907	967
Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	225	$ 252
2023	294
2024	239
2025	199
2026	156
2027	135
Thereafter	310
Imputed interest	$ 161
Weighted average discount rate	4.30%	4.00%
Weighted-average remaining lease term	6 years	6 years 8 months 12 days
Payments for operating leases	$ 359	$ 314	301
Amount of lease agreements not yet commenced	$ 597
Lease receipts under operating leases
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	Accrued liabilities (Note 12)
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	Other assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)
Equipment
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Equipment on operating leases	$ 37,921	$ 40,919
Less: accumulated depreciation	(7,338)	(8,218)
Equipment on operating leases, net	30,582	32,701
Residual value of leased assets	22,700
Depreciation expense	4,900	$ 4,800	$ 6,100
GM Financial \| Equipment
Lease receipts under operating leases
2024	4,817
2025	3,117
2026	1,265
2027	132
2028	3
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 9,334

Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$ 2,084	$ 2,260	$ 2,397
State and local tax expense (benefit)	348	388	301
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	203	32	36
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities	(62)	5	129
Change in valuation allowances	(1,061)	(392)	665
Change in tax laws	25	78	(93)
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(966)	(829)	(492)
Settlements of prior year tax matters	23	0	11
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	0	209	(295)
Foreign currency remeasurement	(62)	36	28
Other adjustments	31	102	84
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 563	$ 1,888	$ 2,771

Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue by Major Source

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for revenue generating segments:


	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	136,983	$	14,424	$	113	$	151,520	$	—	$	—	$	(10)	$	151,510
Used vehicles	954		37		—		991		—		—		—		991
Services and other	3,508		1,487		160		5,155		102		—		(100)		5,157
Automotive net sales and revenue	141,445		15,949		273		157,667		102		—		(110)		157,658
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		7,266		—		7,266
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		6,204		(18)		6,187
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		754		(23)		732
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		14,225		(41)		14,184
Net sales and revenue	$	141,445	$	15,949	$	273	$	157,667	$	102	$	14,225	$	(151)	$	171,842


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	124,657	$	13,993	$	42	$	138,692	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	138,692
Used vehicles	483		33		—		516		—		—		—		516
Services and other	3,238		1,393		134		4,765		102		—		(101)		4,766
Automotive net sales and revenue	128,378		15,420		177		143,974		102		—		(101)		143,975
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		7,811		—		7,811
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,521		(2)		4,519
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		435		(4)		431
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		12,766		(6)		12,760
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177	$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	97,515	$	10,956	$	14	$	108,485	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	108,485
Used vehicles	545		49		—		594		—		—		—		594
Services and other	3,248		1,167		90		4,505		106		—		(100)		4,511
Automotive net sales and revenue	101,308		12,172		104		113,584		106		—		(100)		113,590
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		9,026		—		9,026
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,103		—		4,103
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		290		(5)		285
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		13,419		(5)		13,414
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104	$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(2,776)	$	(2,654)	$	(2,735)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests, net of reclassification adjustment and tax(a)(b)(c)	319		(123)		81
Balance at end of period	$	(2,457)	$	(2,776)	$	(2,654)
Defined Benefit Plans
Balance at beginning of period	$	(4,851)	$	(6,528)	$	(10,654)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment(a)	(3,706)		1,487		4,714
Tax benefit (expense)	838		2		(906)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)	(2,868)		1,488		3,808
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(c)	54		188		318
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(2,814)		1,677		4,126
Balance at end of period(d)	$	(7,665)	$	(4,851)	$	(6,528)

__________

(a) The noncontrolling interests were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(b) The reclassification adjustment was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(d) Primarily consists of unamortized actuarial loss on our defined benefit plans.

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Accumulated Benefit Obligations and Projected Benefit Obligations (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
U.S.
ABO and PBO [Line Items]
ABO	$ 44,464	$ 44,798
Plans with ABO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
ABO	44,464	5,668
Fair Value of Plan Assets	42,287	4,214
Plans with PBO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
PBO	44,481	5,687
Fair Value of Plan Assets	42,287	4,214
Non-U.S.
ABO and PBO [Line Items]
ABO	13,050	12,505
Plans with ABO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
ABO	4,863	4,739
Fair Value of Plan Assets	74	211
Plans with PBO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
PBO	4,953	4,815
Fair Value of Plan Assets	$ 74	$ 211

Income Taxes - Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 520	$ 634	$ 1,086
Additions to current year tax positions	45	12	22
Additions to prior years' tax positions	72	14	46
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(15)	(98)	(473)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(19)	(20)	(17)
Settlements	(18)	(10)	(26)
Other	0	(12)	(4)
Balance at end of period	585	520	$ 634
Unrecognized tax benefit that would favorably affect effective tax rate	$ 386	$ 356

Accrued and Other Liabilities - Product Warranty and Related Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$ 8,530	$ 9,774	$ 8,242
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	864	651	2,820
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	2,418	1,943	1,665
Payments	(4,009)	(4,097)	(3,249)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	1,462	297	315
Effect of foreign currency and other	31	(37)	(19)
Warranty balance at end of period	9,295	8,530	9,774
Less: Supplier recoveries balance at end of period	646	1,184	2,039
Warranty balance, net of supplier recoveries at end of period	8,649	7,345	7,735
Standard and Extended Product Warranty [Abstract]
Warranties issued and assumed in period	3,282	2,593	4,485
Supplier recoveries accrued in period	3	(261)	(2,175)
Adjustments and other	1,493	260	296
Warranty expense, net of supplier recoveries	$ 4,778	$ 2,592	$ 2,606

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts receivable	$ 1,183	$ (4,483)	$ 493
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(2,982)	(5,000)	2,854
Inventories	(757)	(2,581)	(3,155)
Change in other assets	(685)	(248)	(1,418)
Accounts payable	(398)	6,144	(1,166)
Income taxes payable	(121)	273	(95)
Accrued and other liabilities	5,582	2,918	(879)
Total	1,822	(2,977)	(3,366)
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	1,726	1,191	652
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	5,515	3,606	3,403
Automotive
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	863	933	884
GM Financial
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$ 4,652	$ 2,673	$ 2,519

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Components of Expense and Assumptions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Components of expense
Service cost	$ 9	$ 16	$ 18
Interest cost	236	148	123
Expected return on plan assets	0	0	0
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	(23)	67	97
Curtailments, settlements and other	2	(5)	(6)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$ 224	$ 226	$ 232
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.13%	5.51%	2.97%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	5.48%	2.84%	2.24%
U.S. \| Pension Plan
Components of expense
Service cost	$ 173	$ 233	$ 260
Service cost	103	161
Interest cost	2,273	1,292	1,074
Expected return on plan assets	(2,922)	(3,000)	(3,178)
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	0	18	26
Curtailments, settlements and other	126	(17)	15
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$ (350)	$ (1,474)	$ (1,803)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.12%	5.47%	2.78%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	5.37%	2.34%	1.86%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.30%	5.38%	5.63%
U.S. \| Pension Plan \| Plan
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.30%	6.30%
Non-U.S. \| Pension Plan
Components of expense
Service cost	$ 173	$ 157	$ 121
Service cost	161	146
Interest cost	551	293	236
Expected return on plan assets	(573)	(534)	(610)
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	32	133	212
Curtailments, settlements and other	33	10	7
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$ 216	$ 59	$ (34)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	4.41%	4.85%	2.13%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	5.33%	2.98%	2.38%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	5.65%	4.39%	4.67%

Restructuring And Other Initiatives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 779	$ 520	$ 285	$ 352
Additions, interest accretion and other		1,831	522	216
Payments		(1,597)	(275)	(278)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency		25	(12)	(5)
Balance at end of period		779	520	285
Restructuring payments		1,597	275	278
Long-lived assets		80,903	77,950	$ 79,044
GMNA
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges		569	511
Cruise
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges		529
Employee separation charges		67
Non-cash pension curtailment and settlement charges		250
Business exit costs		212
Long-lived assets		1,400
Dealer Restructuring and Employee Separation Payments \| GMNA
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments		(674)	(120)
Restructuring payments		674	$ 120
Dealer Restructuring and Employee Separation Payments \| GMNA \| Forecast
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments	(286)
Restructuring payments	286
Voluntary Separation Program \| GMNA
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments		(820)
Restructuring charges and other charges		1,000
Restructuring payments		820
Employee separation charges		905
Non-cash pension curtailment and settlement charges		$ 130
Voluntary Separation Program \| GMNA \| Forecast
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments	(85)
Restructuring payments	$ 85

Accrued and Other Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued and Other Liabilities


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$	6,065	$	4,813
Deferred revenue	2,802		2,489
Product warranty and related liabilities	3,285		3,042
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	3,099		3,298
Other	12,113		11,268
Total accrued liabilities	$	27,364	$	24,910

Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	$	5,019	$	3,552
Product warranty and related liabilities	6,011		5,488
Operating lease liabilities	907		967
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	518		512
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	151		507
Other	3,909		3,740
Total other liabilities	$	16,515	$	14,767

Product Warranty and Related Liabilities


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$	8,530	$	9,774	$	8,242
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	864		651		2,820
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	2,418		1,943		1,665
Payments	(4,009)		(4,097)		(3,249)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	1,462		297		315
Effect of foreign currency and other	31		(37)		(19)
Warranty balance at end of period	9,295		8,530		9,774
Less: Supplier recoveries balance at end of period(a)	646		1,184		2,039
Warranty balance, net of supplier recoveries at end of period	$	8,649	$	7,345	$	7,735

__________

(a)The current portion of supplier recoveries is recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance and the non-current portion is recorded in Other assets.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Product warranty expense, net of recoveries
Warranties issued and assumed in period	$	3,282	$	2,593	$	4,485
Supplier recoveries accrued in period	3		(261)		(2,175)
Adjustments and other	1,493		260		296
Warranty expense, net of supplier recoveries	$	4,778	$	2,592	$	2,606

Accrued and Other Liabilities - Accrued and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$ 6,065	$ 4,813
Deferred revenue	2,802	2,489
Product warranty and related liabilities	3,285	3,042
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	3,099	3,298
Other	12,113	11,268
Total accrued liabilities	27,364	24,910
Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	5,019	3,552
Product warranty and related liabilities	6,011	5,488
Operating lease liabilities	907	967
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	518	512
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	151	507
Other	3,909	3,740
Total other liabilities	$ 16,515	$ 14,767
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total other liabilities	Total other liabilities

Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ 9,840	$ 9,708	$ 9,945
Depreciation and impairment of Equipment on operating leases, net	4,904	4,839	6,076
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges on Property, net	6,984	6,451	5,975
Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction (gains) losses	349	172	(17)
Undistributed earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates, net	245	193	(517)
Pension contributions and OPEB payments	(1,100)	(790)	(838)
Pension and OPEB income, net	90	(1,189)	(1,605)
Provision (benefit) for deferred taxes	(1,041)	425	2,214
Change in other operating assets and liabilities (Note 24)	1,822	(2,977)	(3,366)
Other operating activities	(1,163)	(790)	(2,679)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	20,930	16,043	15,188
Cash flows from investing activities
Expenditures for property	(10,970)	(9,238)	(7,509)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions	(4,429)	(11,837)	(8,962)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations	9,345	8,057	9,347
Purchases of finance receivables	(35,379)	(33,974)	(33,009)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables	28,346	26,887	24,622
Purchases of leased vehicles	(13,640)	(11,949)	(14,602)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles	13,033	14,234	14,393
Other investing activities	(969)	(62)	(635)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(14,663)	(17,882)	(16,355)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt	(156)	373	2,912
Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)	50,963	45,813	45,300
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)	(44,675)	(39,606)	(47,806)
Payments to purchase common stock (Note 20)	(11,115)	(2,500)	0
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)	0	(2,121)
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)			1,736
Dividends paid	(597)	(397)	(186)
Other financing activities	(774)	(1,178)	(212)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(6,353)	383	1,744
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	54	(138)	(152)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(31)	(1,594)	425
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	21,948	23,542	23,117
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	21,917	21,948	23,542
Significant Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity
Non-cash property additions	$ 6,013	$ 5,376	$ 4,305

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Changes in Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status


	Year Ended December 31, 2023						Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans		Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.		Non-U.S.				U.S.		Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	44,817	$	12,582	$	4,543	$	60,208	$	18,314	$	6,124
Service cost	103		161		9		161		146		16
Interest cost	2,273		551		236		1,292		293		148

Amendments	795		17		—		—		—		—
Actuarial (gains) losses	1,185		453		204		(12,010)		(3,797)		(1,289)
Benefits paid	(4,186)		(1,001)		(371)		(4,239)		(955)		(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		453		32		—		(1,361)		(69)

Curtailments, settlements and other	(506)		(76)		48		(595)		(58)		23
Ending benefit obligation	44,481		13,140		4,701		44,817		12,582		4,543
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	44,901		9,530		—		59,921		13,521		—
Actual return on plan assets	1,829		640		—		(10,258)		(2,257)		—
Employer contributions	357		395		348		71		332		387

Benefits paid	(4,186)		(1,001)		(371)		(4,239)		(955)		(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		354		—		—		(1,024)		—


Settlements and other	(614)		(99)		23		(594)		(87)		23
Ending fair value of plan assets	42,287		9,819		—		44,901		9,530		—
Ending funded status	$	(2,194)	$	(3,321)	$	(4,701)	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	—	$	1,557	$	—	$	1,557	$	1,552	$	—
Current liabilities	(62)		(330)		(356)		(62)		(316)		(350)
Non-current liabilities	(2,132)		(4,548)		(4,345)		(1,411)		(4,288)		(4,193)
Net amount recorded	$	(2,194)	$	(3,321)	$	(4,701)	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	$	(3,372)	$	(2,560)	$	(332)	$	(1,186)	$	(2,157)	$	(86)
Net prior service (cost) credit	(793)		(74)		8		5		(56)		10
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(4,165)	$	(2,634)	$	(324)	$	(1,181)	$	(2,213)	$	(76)

Schedule of amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets


	Year Ended December 31, 2023						Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans		Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.		Non-U.S.				U.S.		Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	44,817	$	12,582	$	4,543	$	60,208	$	18,314	$	6,124
Service cost	103		161		9		161		146		16
Interest cost	2,273		551		236		1,292		293		148

Amendments	795		17		—		—		—		—
Actuarial (gains) losses	1,185		453		204		(12,010)		(3,797)		(1,289)
Benefits paid	(4,186)		(1,001)		(371)		(4,239)		(955)		(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		453		32		—		(1,361)		(69)

Curtailments, settlements and other	(506)		(76)		48		(595)		(58)		23
Ending benefit obligation	44,481		13,140		4,701		44,817		12,582		4,543
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	44,901		9,530		—		59,921		13,521		—
Actual return on plan assets	1,829		640		—		(10,258)		(2,257)		—
Employer contributions	357		395		348		71		332		387

Benefits paid	(4,186)		(1,001)		(371)		(4,239)		(955)		(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		354		—		—		(1,024)		—


Settlements and other	(614)		(99)		23		(594)		(87)		23
Ending fair value of plan assets	42,287		9,819		—		44,901		9,530		—
Ending funded status	$	(2,194)	$	(3,321)	$	(4,701)	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	—	$	1,557	$	—	$	1,557	$	1,552	$	—
Current liabilities	(62)		(330)		(356)		(62)		(316)		(350)
Non-current liabilities	(2,132)		(4,548)		(4,345)		(1,411)		(4,288)		(4,193)
Net amount recorded	$	(2,194)	$	(3,321)	$	(4,701)	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	$	(3,372)	$	(2,560)	$	(332)	$	(1,186)	$	(2,157)	$	(86)
Net prior service (cost) credit	(793)		(74)		8		5		(56)		10
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(4,165)	$	(2,634)	$	(324)	$	(1,181)	$	(2,213)	$	(76)

Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets

The following table summarizes the total accumulated benefit obligations (ABO), the ABO and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with ABO in excess of plan assets, and the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with PBO in excess of plan assets:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	44,464	$	13,050	$	44,798	$	12,505
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	44,464	$	4,863	$	5,668	$	4,739
Fair value of plan assets	$	42,287	$	74	$	4,214	$	211
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	44,481	$	4,953	$	5,687	$	4,815
Fair value of plan assets	$	42,287	$	74	$	4,214	$	211

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	44,464	$	13,050	$	44,798	$	12,505
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	44,464	$	4,863	$	5,668	$	4,739
Fair value of plan assets	$	42,287	$	74	$	4,214	$	211
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	44,481	$	4,953	$	5,687	$	4,815
Fair value of plan assets	$	42,287	$	74	$	4,214	$	211

Schedule of Net Periodic Pension and OPEB expense

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:


	Year Ended December 31, 2023									Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.
Components of expense
Service cost	$	173		$	173		$	9		$	233		$	157		$	16		$	260		$	121		$	18
Interest cost	2,273			551			236			1,292			293			148			1,074			236			123
Expected return on plan assets	(2,922)			(573)			—			(3,000)			(534)			—			(3,178)			(610)			—
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	—			32			(23)			18			133			67			26			212			97
Curtailments, settlements and other	126			33			2			(17)			10			(5)			15			7			(6)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(350)		$	216		$	224		$	(1,474)		$	59		$	226		$	(1,803)		$	(34)		$	232
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.12		%	4.41		%	5.13		%	5.47		%	4.85		%	5.51		%	2.78		%	2.13		%	2.97		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	5.37		%	5.33		%	5.48		%	2.34		%	2.98		%	2.84		%	1.86		%	2.38		%	2.24		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.30		%	5.65		%	N/A			5.38		%	4.39		%	N/A			5.63		%	4.67		%	N/A

__________

(a) The rate of compensation increase and the cash balance interest crediting rates do not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

Schedule of Assumptions Used

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:


	Year Ended December 31, 2023									Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.
Components of expense
Service cost	$	173		$	173		$	9		$	233		$	157		$	16		$	260		$	121		$	18
Interest cost	2,273			551			236			1,292			293			148			1,074			236			123
Expected return on plan assets	(2,922)			(573)			—			(3,000)			(534)			—			(3,178)			(610)			—
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	—			32			(23)			18			133			67			26			212			97
Curtailments, settlements and other	126			33			2			(17)			10			(5)			15			7			(6)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(350)		$	216		$	224		$	(1,474)		$	59		$	226		$	(1,803)		$	(34)		$	232
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.12		%	4.41		%	5.13		%	5.47		%	4.85		%	5.51		%	2.78		%	2.13		%	2.97		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	5.37		%	5.33		%	5.48		%	2.34		%	2.98		%	2.84		%	1.86		%	2.38		%	2.24		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.30		%	5.65		%	N/A			5.38		%	4.39		%	N/A			5.63		%	4.67		%	N/A

__________

(a) The rate of compensation increase and the cash balance interest crediting rates do not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

Schedule of Expected Net Benefit Payments

The following table summarizes net benefit payments expected to be paid in the future, which include assumptions related to estimated future employee service:


	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Global OPEB Plans
2024	$	4,405	$	1,071	$	365
2025	$	4,213	$	955	$	361
2026	$	4,110	$	929	$	357
2027	$	3,995	$	909	$	353
2028	$	3,846	$	892	$	350
2029–2033	$	16,966	$	4,225	$	1,699

Pension Plan

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of contributions to defined benefit pension plans

The following table summarizes contributions made to the defined benefit pension plans:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
U.S. hourly and salaried	$	357	$	71	$	67
Non-U.S.	395		332		371
Total	$	753	$	403	$	438

Schedules of Fair Value of Plan Assets by Asset Class and Target Allocations

The following table summarizes the target allocations by asset category for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
Equity	11	%	10	%	8	%	10	%
Debt	60	%	75	%	69	%	75	%
Other(a)	29	%	15	%	23	%	15	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

__________

(a) Primarily includes private equity, real estate and absolute return strategies, which mainly consist of hedge funds.

Assets and Fair Value Measurements The following tables summarize the fair value of U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets by asset class:


	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	850	$	—	$	—	$	850	$	1,222	$	—	$	3	$	1,225
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		9,822		—		9,822		—		9,606		—		9,606
Corporate and other debt securities	—		20,957		3		20,960		—		21,816		—		21,816



Other investments, net(b)	545		(269)		328		604		125		60		254		439




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	1,395	$	30,510	$	331	32,236		$	1,347	$	31,482	$	257	33,086
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							5,322								5,124
Private equity and debt investments							2,864								3,936
Real estate investments							2,976								3,491
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							11,162								12,551
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							(1,111)								(736)
Net plan assets							$	42,287							$	44,901


	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	160	$	—	$	—	$	160	$	143	$	—	$	—	$	143
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		2,310		—		2,310		—		2,185		—		2,185
Corporate and other debt securities	—		2,738		7		2,745		—		2,570		1		2,571



Other investments, net(b)(d)	(4)		(55)		43		(16)		24		(70)		84		38




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	156	$	4,993	$	50	5,199		$	167	$	4,685	$	85	4,937
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							3,265								3,124
Private equity and debt investments							431								483
Real estate investments							781								878
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							4,477								4,485
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							143								108
Net plan assets							$	9,819							$	9,530

__________

(a)Includes U.S. and sovereign government and agency issues.

(b)Includes net derivative assets (liabilities).

(c)Cash held by the plans, net of amounts receivable/payable for unsettled security transactions and payables for investment manager fees, custody fees and other expenses.

(d)Level 2 Other investments, net includes Canadian repurchase agreements of approximately $137 million and $150 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits

Employee Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Pension Plans Defined benefit pension plans covering eligible U.S. hourly employees (hired prior to October 2007) and Canadian hourly employees (hired prior to October 2016) generally provide benefits of negotiated, stated amounts for each year of service and supplemental benefits for employees who retire with 30 years of service before normal retirement age. The benefits provided by the defined benefit pension plans covering eligible U.S. (hired prior to January 1, 2001) and Canadian salaried employees and employees in certain other non-U.S. locations are generally based on years of service and compensation history. Accrual of defined pension benefits ceased in 2012 for U.S. and Canadian salaried employees. There is also an unfunded nonqualified pension plan primarily covering U.S. executives for service prior to January 1, 2007 and it is based on an “excess plan” for service after that date.

The funding policy for qualified defined benefit pension plans is to contribute annually not less than the minimum required by applicable laws and regulations or to directly pay benefit payments where appropriate. In the year ended December 31, 2023, all legal funding requirements were met. The following table summarizes contributions made to the defined benefit pension plans:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
U.S. hourly and salaried	$	357	$	71	$	67
Non-U.S.	395		332		371
Total	$	753	$	403	$	438

We expect to make insignificant contributions to our U.S. pension plans and up to $700 million in contributions to our non-U.S. pension plans in 2024.

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Certain hourly and salaried defined benefit plans provide postretirement medical, dental, legal service and life insurance to eligible U.S. and Canadian retirees and their eligible dependents. Certain other non-U.S. subsidiaries have postretirement benefit plans, although most non-U.S. employees are covered by government sponsored or administered programs. We made contributions to the U.S. OPEB plans of $295 million, $335 million and $351 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Plan participants' contributions were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Defined Contribution Plans We have defined contribution plans for eligible U.S. salaried and hourly employees that provide discretionary matching contributions. Contributions are also made to certain non-U.S. defined contribution plans. We made contributions to our defined contribution plans of $742 million, $724 million and $606 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Significant Plan Amendments, Benefit Modifications and Related Events

Other Remeasurements As part of our collective bargaining agreement with the UAW in 2023 we amended the U.S. Hourly Pension Plan to increase the monthly basic benefit by $5.00 a month for active plan members and to provide an annual contribution of $500 to eligible retirees and surviving spouses for the duration of the contract. These changes increased our pension obligation by $791 million.

Pension and OPEB Obligations and Plan Assets


	Year Ended December 31, 2023						Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans		Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.		Non-U.S.				U.S.		Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	44,817	$	12,582	$	4,543	$	60,208	$	18,314	$	6,124
Service cost	103		161		9		161		146		16
Interest cost	2,273		551		236		1,292		293		148

Amendments	795		17		—		—		—		—
Actuarial (gains) losses	1,185		453		204		(12,010)		(3,797)		(1,289)
Benefits paid	(4,186)		(1,001)		(371)		(4,239)		(955)		(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		453		32		—		(1,361)		(69)

Curtailments, settlements and other	(506)		(76)		48		(595)		(58)		23
Ending benefit obligation	44,481		13,140		4,701		44,817		12,582		4,543
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	44,901		9,530		—		59,921		13,521		—
Actual return on plan assets	1,829		640		—		(10,258)		(2,257)		—
Employer contributions	357		395		348		71		332		387

Benefits paid	(4,186)		(1,001)		(371)		(4,239)		(955)		(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		354		—		—		(1,024)		—


Settlements and other	(614)		(99)		23		(594)		(87)		23
Ending fair value of plan assets	42,287		9,819		—		44,901		9,530		—
Ending funded status	$	(2,194)	$	(3,321)	$	(4,701)	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	—	$	1,557	$	—	$	1,557	$	1,552	$	—
Current liabilities	(62)		(330)		(356)		(62)		(316)		(350)
Non-current liabilities	(2,132)		(4,548)		(4,345)		(1,411)		(4,288)		(4,193)
Net amount recorded	$	(2,194)	$	(3,321)	$	(4,701)	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	$	(3,372)	$	(2,560)	$	(332)	$	(1,186)	$	(2,157)	$	(86)
Net prior service (cost) credit	(793)		(74)		8		5		(56)		10
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(4,165)	$	(2,634)	$	(324)	$	(1,181)	$	(2,213)	$	(76)

In the year ended December 31 2023, the actuarial loss included in the benefit obligations was primarily due to a decrease in the discount rates. In the year ended December 31 2022, the actuarial gain included in the benefit obligations was primarily due to an increase in the discount rates.


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	44,464	$	13,050	$	44,798	$	12,505
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	44,464	$	4,863	$	5,668	$	4,739
Fair value of plan assets	$	42,287	$	74	$	4,214	$	211
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	44,481	$	4,953	$	5,687	$	4,815
Fair value of plan assets	$	42,287	$	74	$	4,214	$	211

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:


	Year Ended December 31, 2023									Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.
Components of expense
Service cost	$	173		$	173		$	9		$	233		$	157		$	16		$	260		$	121		$	18
Interest cost	2,273			551			236			1,292			293			148			1,074			236			123
Expected return on plan assets	(2,922)			(573)			—			(3,000)			(534)			—			(3,178)			(610)			—
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses	—			32			(23)			18			133			67			26			212			97
Curtailments, settlements and other	126			33			2			(17)			10			(5)			15			7			(6)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(350)		$	216		$	224		$	(1,474)		$	59		$	226		$	(1,803)		$	(34)		$	232
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.12		%	4.41		%	5.13		%	5.47		%	4.85		%	5.51		%	2.78		%	2.13		%	2.97		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	5.37		%	5.33		%	5.48		%	2.34		%	2.98		%	2.84		%	1.86		%	2.38		%	2.24		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	6.30		%	5.65		%	N/A			5.38		%	4.39		%	N/A			5.63		%	4.67		%	N/A

__________

(a) The rate of compensation increase and the cash balance interest crediting rates do not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

The non-service cost components of the net periodic pension and OPEB income are presented in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Refer to Note 19 for additional information.

U.S. pension plan service cost, which includes administrative expenses and Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation premiums, were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense are determined at the beginning of the period and updated for remeasurements. Non-U.S. pension plan administrative expenses included in service cost were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Assumptions

Investment Strategies and Long-Term Rate of Return Detailed periodic studies are conducted by our internal asset management group as well as outside actuaries and are used to determine the long-term strategic mix among asset classes, risk mitigation strategies and the expected long-term ROA assumptions for the U.S. pension plans. The U.S. study includes a review of alternative asset allocation and risk mitigation strategies, anticipated future long-term performance and risk of the individual asset classes that comprise the plans' asset mix. Similar studies are performed for the significant non-U.S. pension plans with the assistance of outside actuaries and asset managers. While the studies incorporate data from recent plan performance and historical returns, the expected rate of return on plan assets represents our estimate of long-term prospective rates of return.

We continue to pursue various options to fund and to manage risk in our pension plans, including continued changes to the pension asset portfolio mix to manage funded status volatility. The strategic asset mix and risk mitigation strategies for the plans are tailored specifically for each plan. Individual plans have distinct liabilities, liquidity needs and regulatory requirements. Consequently, there are different investment policies set by individual plan fiduciaries. Although investment policies and risk mitigation strategies may differ among plans, each investment strategy is considered to be appropriate in the context of the specific factors affecting each plan.

In setting new strategic asset mixes, consideration is given to the likelihood that the selected asset mixes will effectively fund the projected pension plan liabilities, while aligning with the risk tolerance of the plans' fiduciaries. The strategic asset mixes for U.S. defined benefit pension plans are increasingly designed to satisfy the competing objectives of improving funded positions (market value of assets equal to or greater than the present value of the liabilities) and mitigating the possibility of a deterioration in funded status.

Derivatives may be used to provide cost effective solutions for rebalancing investment portfolios, increasing or decreasing exposure to various asset classes and for mitigating risks, primarily interest rate, equity and currency risks. Equity and fixed income managers are permitted to utilize derivatives as efficient substitutes for traditional securities. Interest rate derivatives may be used to adjust portfolio duration to align with a plan's targeted investment policy and equity derivatives may be used to protect equity positions from downside market losses. Alternative investment managers are permitted to employ leverage, including through the use of derivatives, which may alter economic exposure.

In December 2023, an investment policy study was completed for the U.S. pension plans. As a result, the weighted-average long-term rate of ROA remains unchanged at 6.3% at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in determining pension expense for non-U.S. plans is determined in a similar manner to the U.S. plans.

Target Allocation Percentages The following table summarizes the target allocations by asset category for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
Equity	11	%	10	%	8	%	10	%
Debt	60	%	75	%	69	%	75	%
Other(a)	29	%	15	%	23	%	15	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

__________

(a) Primarily includes private equity, real estate and absolute return strategies, which mainly consist of hedge funds.

Assets and Fair Value Measurements The following tables summarize the fair value of U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets by asset class:


	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	850	$	—	$	—	$	850	$	1,222	$	—	$	3	$	1,225
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		9,822		—		9,822		—		9,606		—		9,606
Corporate and other debt securities	—		20,957		3		20,960		—		21,816		—		21,816



Other investments, net(b)	545		(269)		328		604		125		60		254		439




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	1,395	$	30,510	$	331	32,236		$	1,347	$	31,482	$	257	33,086
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							5,322								5,124
Private equity and debt investments							2,864								3,936
Real estate investments							2,976								3,491
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							11,162								12,551
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							(1,111)								(736)
Net plan assets							$	42,287							$	44,901


	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	160	$	—	$	—	$	160	$	143	$	—	$	—	$	143
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		2,310		—		2,310		—		2,185		—		2,185
Corporate and other debt securities	—		2,738		7		2,745		—		2,570		1		2,571



Other investments, net(b)(d)	(4)		(55)		43		(16)		24		(70)		84		38




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	156	$	4,993	$	50	5,199		$	167	$	4,685	$	85	4,937
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							3,265								3,124
Private equity and debt investments							431								483
Real estate investments							781								878
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							4,477								4,485
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							143								108
Net plan assets							$	9,819							$	9,530

__________

(a)Includes U.S. and sovereign government and agency issues.

(b)Includes net derivative assets (liabilities).

(c)Cash held by the plans, net of amounts receivable/payable for unsettled security transactions and payables for investment manager fees, custody fees and other expenses.

(d)Level 2 Other investments, net includes Canadian repurchase agreements of approximately $137 million and $150 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The activity attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. Level 3 defined benefit pension plan investments was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Investment Fund Strategies Investment funds include hedge funds, funds of hedge funds, equity funds and fixed income funds. Hedge funds and funds of hedge funds managers typically seek to achieve their objectives by allocating capital across a broad array of funds and/or investment managers. Equity funds invest in U.S. common and preferred stocks as well as similar equity securities issued by companies incorporated, listed or domiciled in developed and/or emerging market countries. Fixed income funds include investments in high quality funds and, to a lesser extent, high yield funds. High quality fixed income

funds invest in government securities, investment-grade corporate bonds and mortgage and asset-backed securities. High yield fixed income funds invest in high yield fixed income securities issued by corporations, which are rated below investment grade. Other investment funds also included in this category primarily represent multi-strategy funds that invest in broadly diversified portfolios of equity, fixed income and derivative instruments.

Private equity and debt investments primarily consist of investments in private equity and debt funds. These investments provide exposure to and benefit from long-term equity investments in private companies, including leveraged buy-outs, venture capital and distressed debt strategies.

Real estate investments include funds that invest in entities that are primarily engaged in the ownership, acquisition, development, financing, sale and/or management of income-producing real estate properties, both commercial and residential. These funds typically seek long-term growth of capital and current income that is above average relative to public equity funds.

Significant Concentrations of Risk The assets of the pension plans include certain investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments. Investment managers may be unable to quickly sell or redeem some or all of these investments at an amount close or equal to fair value in order to meet a plan's liquidity requirements or to respond to specific events such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of any particular issuer or counterparty.

Illiquid investments held by the plans are generally long-term investments that complement the long-term nature of pension obligations and are not used to fund benefit payments when currently due. Plan management monitors liquidity risk on an ongoing basis and has procedures in place that are designed to maintain flexibility in addressing plan-specific, broader industry and market liquidity events.

The pension plans may invest in financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies and may be exposed to risks that the foreign currency exchange rates might change in a manner that has an adverse effect on the value of the foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities. Forward currency contracts may be used to manage and mitigate foreign currency risk.

The pension plans may invest in debt securities for which any change in the relevant interest rates for particular securities might result in an investment manager being unable to secure similar returns upon the maturity or the sale of securities. In addition, changes to prevailing interest rates or changes in expectations of future interest rates might result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of the securities held. Interest rate swaps and other financial derivative instruments may be used to manage interest rate risk.

Benefit Payments Benefits for most U.S. pension plans and certain non-U.S. pension plans are paid out of plan assets rather than our Cash and cash equivalents. The following table summarizes net benefit payments expected to be paid in the future, which include assumptions related to estimated future employee service:


	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Global OPEB Plans
2024	$	4,405	$	1,071	$	365
2025	$	4,213	$	955	$	361
2026	$	4,110	$	929	$	357
2027	$	3,995	$	909	$	353
2028	$	3,846	$	892	$	350
2029–2033	$	16,966	$	4,225	$	1,699

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 70
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480794/715-70-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480482/715-20-55-17

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(iv)(03)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (q)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (l)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//715/tableOfContent

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(iii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (o)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (p)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (r)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (r)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480126/715-20-S99-2

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 60
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480266/715-60-50-3

+ Details

Debt - Interest Expense and LT Debt Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total interest expense	$ 5,596	$ 3,868	$ 3,496
2024	39,065
2025	25,615
2026	15,142
2027	10,596
2028	7,995
Thereafter	25,081
Total	123,494
Automotive
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Automotive interest expense	911	987	950
2024	428
2025	2,644
2026	93
2027	1,826
2028	831
Thereafter	11,082
Total	16,905
GM Financial
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Financing interest expense	4,685	$ 2,881	$ 2,546
2024	38,637
2025	22,971
2026	15,049
2027	8,770
2028	7,164
Thereafter	13,999
Total	$ 106,590

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Automotive
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, current	$ 298	$ 260
GM Financial
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, current	906	869
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, noncurrent	$ 1,438	$ 1,227

Derivative Financial Instruments - Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative [Line Items]
DerivativeAssetStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleEnumerationNotDisclosedFlag	Fair Value of Assets	Fair Value of Assets
DerivativeLiabilityStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleEnumerationNotDisclosedFlag	Fair Value of Liabilities	Fair Value of Liabilities
GM Financial
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	$ 163,446	$ 142,212
Fair Value of Assets	1,809	2,302
Fair Value of Liabilities	2,563	3,392
Collateral	457	553
Collateral available for netting	1,200	1,500
GM Financial \| Cash Flow Hedges \| Foreign currency
Derivative [Line Items]
Loss recognized in AOCI	(139)	(529)	$ (352)
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCI	(92)	578	$ 409
GM Financial \| Designated as Hedges \| Fair Value Hedges \| Interest rate swaps \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	18,379	19,950
Fair Value of Assets	75	0
Fair Value of Liabilities	238	821
GM Financial \| Designated as Hedges \| Cash Flow Hedges \| Interest rate swaps \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	2,381	1,434
Fair Value of Assets	17	34
Fair Value of Liabilities	16	1
GM Financial \| Designated as Hedges \| Cash Flow Hedges \| Foreign currency swaps \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	8,003	6,852
Fair Value of Assets	144	0
Fair Value of Liabilities	311	586
GM Financial \| Not Designated as Hedges \| Interest rate contracts \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount	134,683	113,975
Fair Value of Assets	1,573	2,268
Fair Value of Liabilities	$ 1,997	$ 1,984

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$	7,422	$	8,014
Finished product, including service parts	9,039		7,353
Total inventories	$	16,461	$	15,366

Stock Incentive Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Compensation expense			$ 340	$ 419	$ 391
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 249
Weighted-average period for total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards			1 year 4 months 24 days
Fair value of stock incentive awards vested			$ 425	$ 307	$ 258
Performance Share Units (PSUs)
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Performance period			3 years
Stock options
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Expiration period			10 years
Dividend yield			1.90%	1.60%	1.67%
Expected volatility rate			34.00%	41.00%	47.80%
Risk-free interest rate			3.70%	1.88%	0.76%
Expected option life			6 years	6 years	6 years
Performance-based Employee Stock Options
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			55 months
Service-based Employee Stock Options \| Maximum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			3 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			3 years
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Cash used to settle awards		$ 0	$ 300	$ 600
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Expiration period			10 years
Numbers of options forfeited (in shares)			14.6
Numbers of options vested (in shares)			9.8
Weighted-average remaining contractual term			2 years 9 months 18 days
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options \| Minimum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			4 years
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options \| Maximum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			10 years
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options and RSUs
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Compensation expense			$ 400	$ 1,600
Weighted-average period for total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards			2 years 10 months 24 days
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 700
Numbers of awards that vested immediately (in shares)	31.0
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Maximum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	4 years

Restructuring And Other Initiatives (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs

The following table summarizes the reserves and charges related to restructuring and other initiatives, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	520	$	285	$	352
Additions, interest accretion and other	1,831		522		216
Payments	(1,597)		(275)		(278)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency	25		(12)		(5)
Balance at end of period	$	779	$	520	$	285

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Equity in Net Assets of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Nonconsolidated affiliates are entities in which we maintain an equity ownership interest and for which we use the equity method of accounting due to our ability to exert significant influence over decisions relating to their operating and financial affairs. Revenue and expenses of our joint ventures are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Automotive China joint ventures equity income (loss)	$	446	$	677	$	1,098
Other joint ventures equity income (loss)(a)	327		159		203
Total Equity income (loss)	$	773	$	837	$	1,301

__________

Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Automotive China joint ventures carrying amount	$	6,373	$	6,714
Ultium Cells Holdings LLC carrying amount	2,268		1,463
Other investments carrying amount	1,972		1,998
Total equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	10,613	$	10,176

The carrying amount of our investments in certain joint ventures exceeded our share of the underlying net assets by $4.2 billion and $4.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily due to goodwill from the application of fresh-start reporting and the purchase of additional interests in nonconsolidated affiliates.

The following table summarizes our direct ownership interests in our China JVs:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Automotive China JVs
SAIC General Motors Corp., Ltd. (SGM)	50	%	50	%
Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.	50	%	50	%
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd. (SGMS)	49	%	49	%
SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW)	44	%	44	%
Shanghai OnStar Telematics Co., Ltd. (Shanghai OnStar)	40	%	40	%
SAIC GM (Shenyang) Norsom Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM Norsom)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM DY)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Powertrain Co., Ltd. (SGM DYPT)	25	%	25	%
Other joint ventures
SAIC-GMAC Automotive Finance Company Limited (SAIC-GMAC)	35	%	35	%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.	35	%	35	%

SGM is a joint venture we established with Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) (50%). SGM has interests in three other joint ventures in China: SGM Norsom, SGM DY and SGM DYPT. These three joint ventures are jointly held by SGM (50%), SAIC (25%) and ourselves. These four joint ventures are engaged in the production, import and sale of a range of products under the Buick, Chevrolet and Cadillac brands. SGM also has interests in Shanghai OnStar (20%), SAIC-GMAC (20%) and SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. (20%). Shanghai Automotive Group Finance Company Ltd., a subsidiary of SAIC, owns 45% of SAIC-GMAC. SAIC Financial Holdings Company, a subsidiary of SAIC, owns 45% of SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Automotive China JVs		Others		Total		Automotive China JVs		Others		Total
Summarized Balance Sheet Data
Current assets	$	15,963	$	17,435	$	33,398	$	17,735	$	17,405	$	35,140
Non-current assets	11,585		11,535		23,120		12,428		10,826		23,254
Total assets	$	27,548	$	28,970	$	56,518	$	30,163	$	28,231	$	58,394

Current liabilities	$	22,104	$	15,308	$	37,412	$	23,267	$	17,498	$	40,765
Non-current liabilities	1,070		4,174		5,244		1,167		3,184		4,351
Total liabilities	$	23,174	$	19,482	$	42,656	$	24,434	$	20,682	$	45,116

Noncontrolling interests	$	868	$	—	$	868	$	904	$	—	$	904


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Summarized Operating Data
Automotive China JVs' net sales	$	31,435	$	35,857	$	42,776
Others' net sales	4,311		2,029		2,017
Total net sales	$	35,746	$	37,886	$	44,793

Automotive China JVs' net income	$	1,122	$	1,407	$	2,109
Others' net income	771		426		587
Total net income	$	1,893	$	1,833	$	2,696

Transactions with Nonconsolidated Affiliates Our nonconsolidated affiliates are involved in various aspects of the development, production and marketing of trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts. We enter into transactions with certain nonconsolidated affiliates to purchase and sell component parts and vehicles. The following tables summarize transactions with and balances related to our nonconsolidated affiliates:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Automotive sales and revenue	$	209	$	218	$	227
Automotive purchases, net	$	2,766	$	2,637	$	1,551
Dividends received	$	1,018	$	1,030	$	783
Operating cash flows	$	(941)	$	(1,133)	$	(616)


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts and notes receivable, net	$	589	$	1,089
Accounts payable	$	806	$	942
Undistributed earnings	$	1,719	$	1,918

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Non-service pension and OPEB income (loss)	$	184	$	1,512	$	1,909
Interest income	1,109		460		146
Licensing agreements income	172		238		195
Revaluation of investments	(77)		(236)		571
Other	149		(542)		220
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	$	1,537	$	1,432	$	3,041

Income Taxes - Pre-tax Income and Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	$ 9,924	$ 10,760	$ 11,415
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	240	389	20
U.S. state and local	490	368	142
Non-U.S.	874	707	395
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	1,605	1,464	557
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	(120)	263	1,699
U.S. state and local	(43)	109	229
Non-U.S.	(878)	53	286
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(1,041)	425	2,214
Total income tax expense (benefit)	563	1,888	2,771
Basis differences from reinvested earnings	4,300	3,500
Valuation allowance reversed	870
China JVs
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Additional basis differences	3,400	3,400
U.S.
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	6,388	9,454	9,513
Non-U.S.
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	3,535	1,306	1,902
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	$ (1,041)	$ 425	$ 2,214

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Target Allocation tables (Details) - Pension Plan	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	100.00%	100.00%
U.S. \| Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	11.00%	8.00%
U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	60.00%	69.00%
U.S. \| Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	29.00%	23.00%
Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	100.00%	100.00%
Non-U.S. \| Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	10.00%	10.00%
Non-U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	75.00%	75.00%
Non-U.S. \| Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	15.00%	15.00%

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Non-service pension and OPEB income (loss)	$	184	$	1,512	$	1,909
Interest income	1,109		460		146
Licensing agreements income	172		238		195
Revaluation of investments	(77)		(236)		571
Other	149		(542)		220
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	$	1,537	$	1,432	$	3,041

In the year ended December 31, 2022, we shut down our Russia business and recorded a $657 million charge, included in Other in the table above, to write off our net investment and release accumulated translation losses into earnings.

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions (Tables) - GM Financial

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

GM Financial Receivables


	December 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Retail		Commercial(a)		Total		Retail		Commercial(a)		Total
GM Financial receivables	$	72,729	$	13,734	$	86,463	$	65,322	$	10,988	$	76,310
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,308)		(36)		(2,344)		(2,062)		(34)		(2,096)
GM Financial receivables, net	$	70,421	$	13,698	$	84,119	$	63,260	$	10,954	$	74,214

Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 2 inputs					$	13,698					$	10,954
Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 3 inputs					$	70,911					$	62,150

__________

Allowance for Loan Losses


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	2,096	$	1,886	$	1,978

Provision for loan losses	826		654		248
Charge-offs	(1,423)		(1,138)		(897)
Recoveries	768		686		574
Effect of foreign currency	76		9		(17)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	2,344	$	2,096	$	1,886

The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of finance receivables was 2.7% at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Intercompany Transactions

The following tables show transactions between our Automotive segments and GM Financial. These amounts are presented in GM Financial's consolidated balance sheets and statements of income.


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)
Commercial finance receivables, net due from GM consolidated dealers	$	164	$	187
Receivables due from Cruise	$	353	$	113
Subvention receivable(b)	$	508	$	469
Commercial loan funding payable	$	55	$	105


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Consolidated Statements of Income
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	$	1,234	$	984	$	820
Leased vehicle subvention earned	$	1,537	$	1,916	$	2,702

__________

(a)All balance sheet amounts are eliminated upon consolidation.

(b)Our Automotive segments made cash payments to GM Financial for subvention of $3.5 billion, $2.4 billion and $3.3 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Retail Finance Receivables

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

Finance Receivables Credit Quality

The following tables are consolidated summaries of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the retail finance receivables portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	23,940	$	15,581	$	9,039	$	4,926	$	1,076	$	320	$	54,882	75.5	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,234		2,281		1,746		906		350		129		8,647		11.9	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	3,079		2,397		1,884		1,010		573		257		9,200		12.6	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707	$	72,729	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	22,677	$	13,399	$	7,991	$	2,254	$	1,019	$	205	$	47,543	72.8	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,202		2,601		1,487		688		310		104		8,392		12.8	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	3,211		2,746		1,604		1,051		496		280		9,388		14.4	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589	$	65,322	100.0	%

Retail Finance Receivables Delinquency

The following tables are consolidated summaries of the delinquency status of the outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	29,816	$	19,602	$	12,098	$	6,533	$	1,825	$	599		$	70,472	96.9	%
31-to-60 days	318		470		415		227		130		78			1,637		2.3	%
Greater-than-60 days	102		168		142		76		42		29			559		0.8	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	421		637		557		302		172		107			2,196		3.0	%
In repossession	17		20		14		6		3		1			61		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	437		657		572		308		175		108			2,257		3.1	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	30,253	$	20,259	$	12,670	$	6,842	$	2,000	$	707		$	72,729	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	28,676	$	18,128	$	10,702	$	3,743	$	1,685	$	493		$	63,426	97.1	%
31-to-60 days	310		452		275		184		103		69			1,393		2.1	%
Greater-than-60 days	93		150		98		62		35		26			465		0.7	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	403		603		373		246		138		95			1,857		2.8	%
In repossession	11		14		6		4		2		1			39		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	414		617		380		249		140		96			1,896		2.9	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589		$	65,322	100.0	%

Commercial Finance Receivables

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

Finance Receivables Credit Quality

GM Financial's dealer risk model and risk rating categories are as follows:


Rating						Description
I						Performing accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
II						Performing accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
III						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IV						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection of liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.

The following tables summarize the dealer credit risk profile by dealer risk rating at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2023
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	11,513	$	279	$	403	$	297	$	301	$	75	$	11		$	12,879	97.1	%
II	182		—		2		2		—		—		—			187		1.4	%
III	152		1		15		12		—		11		—			192		1.4	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Balance at end of period	$	11,846	$	281	$	421	$	311	$	301	$	86	$	11		$	13,257	100.0	%

__________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 99.7% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2022
Dealer Risk Rating	Revolving		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	9,130	$	438	$	356	$	360	$	91	$	38	$	18		$	10,431	98.2	%
II	89		—		1		—		—		—		—			91		0.9	%
III	78		15		—		—		10		—		—			104		1.0	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Balance at end of period	$	9,297	$	453	$	357	$	360	$	102	$	38	$	18		$	10,625	100.0	%

__________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 99.0% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.

There were no commercial finance receivables on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
U.S. income (loss)	$	6,388	$	9,454	$	9,513
Non-U.S. income (loss)	3,535		1,306		1,902
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	$	9,924	$	10,760	$	11,415


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	$	240	$	389	$	20
U.S. state and local	490		368		142
Non-U.S.	874		707		395
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	1,605		1,464		557
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	(120)		263		1,699
U.S. state and local	(43)		109		229
Non-U.S.	(878)		53		286
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	(1,041)		425		2,214
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	563	$	1,888	$	2,771

The Non-U.S. deferred income tax benefit in the year ended December 31, 2023 relates primarily to the release of a valuation allowance in Korea.

Provisions are made for estimated U.S. and non-U.S. income taxes which may be incurred on the reversal of our basis differences in investments in foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested. Taxes have not been provided on basis differences in investments primarily as a result of earnings in foreign subsidiaries which are deemed indefinitely reinvested of $4.3 billion and $3.5 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022. We have indefinitely reinvested basis differences related to investments in non-consolidated China JVs of $3.4 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022 as a result of fresh-start reporting. Quantification of the deferred tax liability, if any, associated with indefinitely reinvested basis differences is not practicable.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$	2,084	$	2,260	$	2,397
State and local tax expense (benefit)	348		388		301
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	203		32		36
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities	(62)		5		129
Change in valuation allowances	(1,061)		(392)		665
Change in tax laws	25		78		(93)
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(966)		(829)		(492)

Settlements of prior year tax matters	23		—		11
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	—		209		(295)
Foreign currency remeasurement	(62)		36		28
Other adjustments	31		102		84
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	563	$	1,888	$	2,771

Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities Deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 reflect the effect of temporary differences between amounts of assets, liabilities and equity for financial reporting purposes and the bases of such assets, liabilities and equity as measured based on tax laws, as well as tax loss and tax credit carryforwards. The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	1,119	$	1,120
Pension and other employee benefit plans	1,522		997
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	3,684		4,341

U.S. capitalized research expenditures	9,879		8,851
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a)	6,033		5,861
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b)	6,204		6,296
Miscellaneous	5,121		2,773
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	33,562		30,240
Less: valuation allowances	(6,979)		(7,744)
Total deferred tax assets	26,583		22,495
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	4,233		1,957
Intangible assets	699		707
Total deferred tax liabilities	4,932		2,664
Net deferred tax assets	$	21,651	$	19,832

__________

Valuation Allowances As a result of improving profitability in the Korean operating business evidenced by cumulative earnings in recent years and the completion of our near-and long-term business plans in the three months ended December 31, 2023 that forecast continuing profitability, we determined that it was more likely than not that future earnings will be sufficient

to realize the deferred tax assets in Korea. Accordingly, we released Korea's $870 million valuation allowance resulting in an income tax benefit.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of $7.0 billion and $7.7 billion were comprised of cumulative losses, credits and other timing differences, primarily in Germany, Spain, the U.S. and Brazil.

Uncertain Tax Positions The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	520	$	634	$	1,086
Additions to current year tax positions	45		12		22
Additions to prior years' tax positions	72		14		46
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(15)		(98)		(473)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(19)		(20)		(17)
Settlements	(18)		(10)		(26)
Other	—		(12)		(4)
Balance at end of period	$	585	$	520	$	634

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $386 million and $356 million of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would favorably affect our effective tax rate in the future. In the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, income tax related interest and penalties were insignificant. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, liabilities for income tax related interest and penalties were insignificant.

At December 31, 2023, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the expected change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.

Other Matters Income tax returns are filed in multiple jurisdictions and are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. We have open tax years from 2011 to 2023 with various significant tax jurisdictions. Tax authorities may have the ability to review and adjust net operating loss or tax credit carryforwards that were generated prior to these periods if utilized in an open tax year. These open years contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations as they relate to the amount, character, timing or inclusion of revenue and expenses or the sustainability of income tax credits for a given audit cycle.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests - Preferred and Common Stock (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 01, 2023 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock shares authorized (in shares) \| shares				2,000,000,000
Common stock shares authorized (in shares) \| shares				5,000,000,000
Preferred stock shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares				0	0
Common stock number of shares issued (in shares) \| shares				1,200,000,000	1,400,000,000
Common stock shares outstanding (in shares) \| shares				1,200,000,000	1,400,000,000
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 0.36	$ 0.18
Cash dividends paid on common stock				$ 477	$ 257
Number of votes per share \| vote				1
Common shares purchased during period (in shares) \| shares						0
Amount of common stock purchased during period				$ 11,115	2,500
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash used to settle awards			$ 0	$ 300	$ 600
Common Stock Repurchase Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Increased capacity under common stock repurchase plan							$ 10,000
Remaining authorized repurchase amount							$ 11,400
Common shares purchased during period (in shares) \| shares	215,000,000			245,000,000	64,000,000
Amount of common stock purchased during period	$ 6,800			$ 7,900	$ 2,500
Reduction in additional paid in capital				3,200
Common Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Recorded value of vested awards				42	60
Common Class B \| Cruise Stock Incentive Awards
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash used to settle awards				300	600
Cruise Preferred Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Decrease in equity due to preferred stock redemption					700
GM Cruise
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Net income attributable to shareholders and transfers to the noncontrolling interests				10,300	9,200
GM Cruise \| Series G Preferred Shares \| Microsoft and other investors
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of stock						$ 2,700
GM Cruise \| Series G Preferred Shares \| General Motors Holdings LLC
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of stock						$ 1,000
GM Cruise \| Cruise Class A-1, Class F and Class G Preferred Shares \| SoftBank
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments for repurchase of equity		$ 2,100
GM Cruise \| Common Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Amount of stock issued during period				400	800
Payments for statutory tax withholdings				$ 200	$ 500
GM Cruise
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments to acquire additional investment		$ 1,350

Marketable and Other Securities - Fair Value of Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	$ 9,225
Total cash and cash equivalents	18,853	$ 19,153
Cash and cash equivalents	277	341
Total restricted cash	3,064	2,796
Due in one year or less	3,725
Due between one and five years	5,500
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	9,225
Cash and cash equivalents
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Cash and time deposits	8,977	8,921
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	2,384	5,618
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	2,384	5,618
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 2 \| U.S. government and agencies
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	211	1,012
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	211	1,012
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,439	2,778
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,439	2,778
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 2 \| Sovereign debt
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	734	1,828
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	734	1,828
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 1
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Money market funds	7,491	4,613
Marketable debt securities
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	7,613	12,150
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	7,613	12,150
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| U.S. government and agencies
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	3,495	4,357
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	3,495	4,357
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	3,274	5,147
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	3,274	5,147
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| Sovereign debt
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	255	2,108
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	255	2,108
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| Mortgage and asset-backed
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	589	538
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	589	538
Restricted cash - cash equivalents \| Level 1
Summary of Investment Holdings [Line Items]
Money market funds	$ 2,787	$ 2,455

Variable Interest Entities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Consolidated [Abstract]
Assets	$ 273,064	$ 264,037	$ 244,718
Nonconsolidated VIE
Consolidated [Abstract]
Assets	2,400	1,600
Maximum loss exposure amount	3,500	3,300
Nonconsolidated VIE \| Capital Commitments \| Ultium Cells Holdings LLC
Consolidated [Abstract]
Committed capital contributions	800	1,400
GM Financial
Consolidated [Abstract]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	39,076	33,623
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	45,043	40,591
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	38,540	36,819
GM Financial long-term debt	66,788	60,036
GM Financial \| Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Consolidated [Abstract]
Restricted cash - current	2,398	2,176
Restricted cash - non-current	367	360
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	22,990	19,896
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	23,535	18,748
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	15,794	18,456
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	22,088	21,643
GM Financial long-term debt	$ 23,210	$ 20,545

Marketable and Other Securities - Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 18,853	$ 19,153
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,604	2,356
Restricted cash included in Other assets	460	440
Total	$ 21,917	$ 21,948	$ 23,542	$ 23,117

Accrued and Other Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued and Other Liabilities


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$	6,065	$	4,813
Deferred revenue	2,802		2,489
Product warranty and related liabilities	3,285		3,042
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	3,099		3,298
Other	12,113		11,268
Total accrued liabilities	$	27,364	$	24,910

Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	$	5,019	$	3,552
Product warranty and related liabilities	6,011		5,488
Operating lease liabilities	907		967
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	518		512
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	151		507
Other	3,909		3,740
Total other liabilities	$	16,515	$	14,767


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$	8,530	$	9,774	$	8,242
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	864		651		2,820
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	2,418		1,943		1,665
Payments	(4,009)		(4,097)		(3,249)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	1,462		297		315
Effect of foreign currency and other	31		(37)		(19)
Warranty balance at end of period	9,295		8,530		9,774
Less: Supplier recoveries balance at end of period(a)	646		1,184		2,039
Warranty balance, net of supplier recoveries at end of period	$	8,649	$	7,345	$	7,735

__________

(a)The current portion of supplier recoveries is recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance and the non-current portion is recorded in Other assets.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Product warranty expense, net of recoveries
Warranties issued and assumed in period	$	3,282	$	2,593	$	4,485
Supplier recoveries accrued in period	3		(261)		(2,175)
Adjustments and other	1,493		260		296
Warranty expense, net of supplier recoveries	$	4,778	$	2,592	$	2,606

We estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued for recall campaigns to be insignificant at December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 16 for additional information.

Restructuring And Other Initiatives

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Other Initiatives

We have executed various restructuring and other initiatives and we may execute additional initiatives in the future, if necessary, to streamline manufacturing capacity and reduce other costs to improve the utilization of remaining facilities. To the extent these programs involve voluntary separations, a liability is generally recorded at the time offers to employees are accepted. To the extent these programs provide separation benefits in accordance with pre-existing agreements, a liability is recorded once the amount is probable and reasonably estimable. If employees are involuntarily terminated, a liability is generally recorded at the communication date. Related charges are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense.

The following table summarizes the reserves and charges related to restructuring and other initiatives, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	520	$	285	$	352
Additions, interest accretion and other	1,831		522		216
Payments	(1,597)		(275)		(278)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency	25		(12)		(5)
Balance at end of period	$	779	$	520	$	285

In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, restructuring and other initiatives included strategic activities in GMNA related to Buick dealerships. We recorded charges of $569 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in the table above, and incurred $674 million in net cash outflows resulting from these dealer restructurings, in addition to the charges of $511 million and net cash outflows of $120 million in the year ended December 31, 2022. The remaining $286 million is expected to be paid by the end of 2024.

In March 2023, we announced a VSP to accelerate attrition related to the cost reduction program announced in January 2023. We recorded charges in GMNA of $1.0 billion in the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to employee separation charges of $905 million, which are reflected in the table above, and non-cash pension curtailment and settlement charges of approximately $130 million, not reflected in the table above. We incurred $820 million of cash outflows resulting from the VSP. We expect remaining cash outflows related to these activities of approximately $85 million to be complete during 2024.

In October 2023, Cruise voluntarily paused all of its driverless, supervised and manual AV operations in the U.S. while it examines its processes, systems and tools. In conjunction with these actions, Cruise recorded charges before noncontrolling interest of $529 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to supplier related charges of $212 million and employee separation charges of $67 million, both of which are included in the table above. Additionally, Cruise recorded non-cash restructuring charges of $250 million primarily related to impairments, which are not reflected in the table above. We expect the associated cashflows related to these activities to be substantially complete by the end of 2024. At December 31, 2023, the net book value of Cruise's long-lived assets, inclusive of goodwill and intangibles, was $1.4 billion which may be subject to future impairments depending on future progress toward commercialization of the Cruise AV operations.

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Contributions and Plan Amendments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions to defined contribution plans	$ 742,000,000	$ 724,000,000	$ 606,000,000
Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Years of service	30 years
Employer contributions	$ 753,000,000	403,000,000	438,000,000
Pension Plan \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	357,000,000	71,000,000	67,000,000
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Estimated contributions in next fiscal year	700,000,000
Employer contributions	395,000,000	332,000,000	371,000,000
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	348,000,000	387,000,000
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	295,000,000	$ 335,000,000	$ 351,000,000
Pension Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Revised monthly basic benefit	5.00
Annual contribution	500
Increase in pension obligation	$ 791,000,000

Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for revenue generating segments:


	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	136,983	$	14,424	$	113	$	151,520	$	—	$	—	$	(10)	$	151,510
Used vehicles	954		37		—		991		—		—		—		991
Services and other	3,508		1,487		160		5,155		102		—		(100)		5,157
Automotive net sales and revenue	141,445		15,949		273		157,667		102		—		(110)		157,658
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		7,266		—		7,266
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		6,204		(18)		6,187
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		754		(23)		732
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		14,225		(41)		14,184
Net sales and revenue	$	141,445	$	15,949	$	273	$	157,667	$	102	$	14,225	$	(151)	$	171,842


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	124,657	$	13,993	$	42	$	138,692	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	138,692
Used vehicles	483		33		—		516		—		—		—		516
Services and other	3,238		1,393		134		4,765		102		—		(101)		4,766
Automotive net sales and revenue	128,378		15,420		177		143,974		102		—		(101)		143,975
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		7,811		—		7,811
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,521		(2)		4,519
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		435		(4)		431
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		12,766		(6)		12,760
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177	$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	97,515	$	10,956	$	14	$	108,485	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	108,485
Used vehicles	545		49		—		594		—		—		—		594
Services and other	3,248		1,167		90		4,505		106		—		(100)		4,511
Automotive net sales and revenue	101,308		12,172		104		113,584		106		—		(100)		113,590
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		9,026		—		9,026
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,103		—		4,103
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		290		(5)		285
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		13,419		(5)		13,414
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104	$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Adjustments to sales incentives for previously recognized sales were insignificant during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Contract liabilities in our Automotive segments primarily consist of vehicle connectivity, customer rewards programs, maintenance, extended warranty and other contracts of $5.0 billion and $3.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, which are included in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities. We recognized revenue of $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion related to contract liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. We expect to recognize revenue of $1.8 billion, $1.4 billion and $1.9 billion in the years ending December 31, 2024, 2025 and thereafter related to contract liabilities at December 31, 2023.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent

+ Details

Marketable and Other Securities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Sales proceeds from investments classified as available-for-sale and sold prior to maturity	$ 2,100	$ 1,800	$ 1,900
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities	196	319
Cumulative unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities	$ 160	$ 344

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Basic earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	10,127	$	9,934	$	10,019
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock(a)	(106)		(1,019)		(182)


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	10,022	$	8,915	$	9,837

Weighted-average common shares outstanding	1,364		1,445		1,451



Basic earnings per common share	$	7.35	$	6.17	$	6.78
Diluted earnings per share


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$	10,022	$	8,915	$	9,837

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic	1,364		1,445		1,451
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans	6		10		17
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,369		1,454		1,468



Diluted earnings per common share	$	7.32	$	6.13	$	6.70

Potentially dilutive securities(b)	23		10		2

__________

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Pensions and OPEB Obligations and Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plan
Change in plan assets
Employer contributions	$ 753	$ 403	$ 438
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	4,543	6,124
Service cost	9	16	18
Interest cost	236	148	123
Amendments	0	0
Actuarial (gains) losses	204	(1,289)
Benefits paid	(371)	(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	32	(69)
Curtailments, settlements and other	48	23
Ending benefit obligation	4,701	4,543	6,124
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	0	0
Actual return on plan assets	0	0
Employer contributions	348	387
Benefits paid	(371)	(410)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Settlements and other	23	23
Ending fair value of plan assets	0	0	0
Ending funded status	(4,701)	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	0	0
Current liabilities	(356)	(350)
Non-current liabilities	(4,345)	(4,193)
Net amount recorded	(4,701)	(4,543)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	(332)	(86)
Net prior service (cost) credit	8	10
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(324)	(76)
U.S. \| Pension Plan
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	44,817	60,208
Service cost	103	161
Interest cost	2,273	1,292	1,074
Amendments	795	0
Actuarial (gains) losses	1,185	(12,010)
Benefits paid	(4,186)	(4,239)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Curtailments, settlements and other	(506)	(595)
Ending benefit obligation	44,481	44,817	60,208
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	44,901	59,921
Actual return on plan assets	1,829	(10,258)
Employer contributions	357	71	67
Benefits paid	(4,186)	(4,239)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Settlements and other	(614)	(594)
Ending fair value of plan assets	42,287	44,901	59,921
Ending funded status	(2,194)	84
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	0	1,557
Current liabilities	(62)	(62)
Non-current liabilities	(2,132)	(1,411)
Net amount recorded	(2,194)	84
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	(3,372)	(1,186)
Net prior service (cost) credit	(793)	5
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(4,165)	(1,181)
U.S. \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Change in plan assets
Employer contributions	295	335	351
Non-U.S. \| Pension Plan
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	12,582	18,314
Service cost	161	146
Interest cost	551	293	236
Amendments	17	0
Actuarial (gains) losses	453	(3,797)
Benefits paid	(1,001)	(955)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	453	(1,361)
Curtailments, settlements and other	(76)	(58)
Ending benefit obligation	13,140	12,582	18,314
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	9,530	13,521
Actual return on plan assets	640	(2,257)
Employer contributions	395	332	371
Benefits paid	(1,001)	(955)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	354	(1,024)
Settlements and other	(99)	(87)
Ending fair value of plan assets	9,819	9,530	$ 13,521
Ending funded status	(3,321)	(3,052)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	1,557	1,552
Current liabilities	(330)	(316)
Non-current liabilities	(4,548)	(4,288)
Net amount recorded	(3,321)	(3,052)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	(2,560)	(2,157)
Net prior service (cost) credit	(74)	(56)
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (2,634)	$ (2,213)

Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Abstract]

Operating Leases

Our portfolio of leases primarily consists of real estate office space, manufacturing and warehousing facilities, land and equipment. Certain leases contain escalation clauses and renewal or purchase options, and generally our leases have no residual value guarantees or material covenants. We exclude leases with a term of one year or less from our balance sheet, and do not separate non-lease components from our real estate leases.

Rent expense under operating leases was $346 million, $317 million and $294 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Variable lease costs were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, operating lease right of use assets in Other assets were $979 million and $1.1 billion, operating lease liabilities in Accrued liabilities were $264 million and $247 million and non-current operating lease liabilities in Other liabilities were $907 million and $967 million. Operating lease right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations were $225 million and $252 million in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Our undiscounted future lease obligations related to operating leases having initial terms in excess of one year are $294 million, $239 million, $199 million, $156 million, $135 million and $310 million for the years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028 and thereafter, with imputed interest of $161 million as of December 31, 2023. The weighted-average discount rate was 4.3% and 4.0% and the weighted-average remaining lease term was 6.0 years and 6.7 years at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Payments for operating leases included in Net cash provided by

(used in) operating activities were $359 million, $314 million and $301 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Lease agreements that have not yet commenced were $597 million at December 31, 2023.

Equipment on Operating Leases

Equipment on operating leases primarily consists of leases to retail customers of GM Financial.


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment on operating leases	$	37,921	$	40,919
Less: accumulated depreciation	(7,338)		(8,218)
Equipment on operating leases, net	$	30,582	$	32,701

At December 31, 2023, the estimated residual value of our leased assets at the end of the lease term was $22.7 billion.

Depreciation expense related to Equipment on operating leases, net was $4.9 billion, $4.8 billion and $6.1 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

The following table summarizes lease payments due to GM Financial on leases to retail customers:


	Years Ending December 31,
	2024		2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total
Lease receipts under operating leases	$	4,817	$	3,117	$	1,265	$	132	$	3	$	—	$	9,334

Marketable and Other Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Marketable and Other Securities

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, which approximates cost:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits		$	8,977	$	8,921
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	211		1,012
Corporate debt	2	1,439		2,778
Sovereign debt	2	734		1,828
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		2,384		5,618
Money market funds	1	7,491		4,613
Total cash and cash equivalents		$	18,853	$	19,153
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	3,495	$	4,357
Corporate debt	2	3,274		5,147
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	589		538
Sovereign debt	2	255		2,108
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities		$	7,613	$	12,150
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	277	$	341
Money market funds	1	2,787		2,455
Total restricted cash		$	3,064	$	2,796

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(a)
Due in one year or less		$	3,725
Due between one and five years		5,500


Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	9,225

__________

(a) Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities of $589 million at December 31, 2023 as these securities are not due at a single maturity date.

Proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale debt securities sold prior to maturity were $2.1 billion, $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Available-for-sale debt securities had net unrealized gains of $196 million in the year ended December 31, 2023 and net unrealized losses of $319 million and an insignificant amount in years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Cumulative unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities were $160 million and $344 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022.


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,853	$	19,153
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,604		2,356
Restricted cash included in Other assets	460		440
Total	$	21,917	$	21,948